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1.
Analytical data compiled on nine Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ) reference samples, "Sedimentary rock series" received by February 1996 are reported. After excluding outliers and examining critically the analytical procedures employed, the data were evaluated statistically. Recommended or preferable values for fifteen major and sixty minor and trace elements are proposed.  相似文献   

2.
Analytical data for five GSJ (Geological Survey of Japan) reference samples, the "Instrumental analysis series" received by October 1998, are compiled. The data reported in publications and personal communications were evaluated statistically, taking into account the analytical method and sample preparation. Based on the selected available data, recommended and preferred values for fourteen major and fifty one minor and trace elements are proposed.  相似文献   

3.
During the five-year period (April 1981 - March 1986), a series of fifteen rock reference samples, "Igneous rock series", has been prepared by the Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ). Based on the data available (published and communicated), consensus values for major, minor and trace elements have been derived; these values are presented for this second series of samples as well as for the first series of two samples, Granodiorite JG-1 and Basalt JB-1.  相似文献   

4.
The first report (1980) on the three samples, Anorthosite AN-G, Basalt BE-N and Granite MA-N resulted in the chemical characterization of major, minor and 30 trace elements. The present report confirms the validity of a great majority of these working values, in addition to presenting working values for 20 more trace elements for each sample. Only compiled data on trace elements are presented, followed by Tables of statistical parameters used as a basis for their evaluation, both statistical and subjective. A plea is made to obtain more data on platinum group elements and on other "difficult" trace elements (Au, B, Bi, Se, Te, TI, …). The three samples have been processed in 900 kg amounts and, therefore, they are likely to remain available for some decades to come. As such, it is certainly worthwhile to take pains to characterize them well for even these difficult trace elements.  相似文献   

5.
煤中微量元素在土壤环境中的迁移   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14  
煤或煤矸石中的微量元素在水等条件作用下发生变化,并从其中析出随水体进入土壤环境中,在土壤环境中发生迁移和富集,其迁移的能力受土壤环境的制约,本文通过对煤的淋溶实验,分析了煤中微量元素在土壤环境迁移的能力,根据对煤矸石堆周转土壤中微量元素的平面上和垂向上的含量变化,研究了微量元素在土壤环境中富集能力及煤中微量元素对土壤环境的影响,为正确评价煤中微量元素在土壤中的环境效应提供依据。  相似文献   

6.
Granite GS-N and Potash Feldspar FK-N are two ANRT reference samples prepared in 1973 in 960 and 567 kg, respectively. All data reported since 1973 are compiled in this report. GS-N and FK-N are now well characterized for major and minor elements. As for trace elements, working values have been assigned for 36 elements in GS-N and for 30 elements in FK-N. We need much more data on trace elements for characterizing them better. As GS-N and FK-N are still available in large quantities and are certain to remain so for two or three decades to come, a plea is made for contribution of more data on trace elements.  相似文献   

7.
Three rock reference samples, Anorthosite AN-G, Basalt BE-N and Granite MA-N were analysed for their chemical composition by 122 laboratories belonging to the International Working Group "Analytical Standards of Minerals, Ores and Rocks" (IWG). 243 analysts took part in this first collaborative study which lasted only nine months, from June 1979 to March 1980. Despite this very short period, it has been possible to harvest over 6000 units of analytical data on major, minor and 53 trace elements. This excellent performance of the IWG members has rendered possible the chemical characterization of the three samples for not only the usual major and minor elements but also for 30 trace elements. This first study by the IWG Members demonstrates well their immense analytical potential and is exemplary in many respects.  相似文献   

8.
Two reference samples, Albite AL-I and Iron Formation sample IF-G were analysed for their chemical composition by the International Working Group "Analytical Standards of Minerals, Ores and Rocks" (GIT-IWG). AL-I was processed in 189 kg and IF-G and 760 kg. 103 GIT-IWG laboratories participated in this collaborative study along with 171 geoanalysts. This study lasted 15 months (September 1982 - December 1983) and is the second undertaken by the GIT-IWG. Over 2400 units of data were collated. As a result of this international study, the major and minor elements have been well characterized in both the samples; however, more data on trace elements will be very welcome for a better definition of trace elements, although working values have been proposed for about forty trace elements in each sample. The first and the second collaborative studies undertaken by GIT-IWG demonstrate well the immense analytical potential of the GIT-IWG.  相似文献   

9.
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10.
Nine new rock reference samples of the "Sedimentary rock series", Chert JCh-1, Dolomite JDo-1, Lake sediment JLk-1, Limestone JLs-1, Stream sediments JSd-1 to JSd-3, and Slates JS1-1 and JSl-2 have been prepared by the Geological Survey of Japan(GSJ). Thirty major, minor and trace elements were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry, flame emission spectrometry, infrared absorption spectrometry and wet chemical techniques. The results of homogeneity tests showed that almost all elements, with a few exceptions, are considered to be distributed homogeneously in each reference sample.  相似文献   

11.
The present study entails the results of the petrological coniderations for demineralization of Rajmahal Gondwana coals with Psudomonas mendocina B6-1. Inertinite group macerals are the dominant constituents of these coals, followed by vitrinite group, while liptinite occurs in low concentration. The amount of Mineral matter is moderately high. The concentration of major, minor and trace elements is high when compared with Clarke values. After the treatment of these coals with Pseudomonas mendocina strain B6-1, a significant reduction in the elemental content of oxygen, hydrogen and sulphur was observed. A gradual reduction of pyrite phase due to bioleaching was identified and its signatures were reflected in the XRD spectra and FTIR absorption bands. Over 5 % reduction in the ash content and decrease of major, minor and trace element to variable degrees were also noticed. Fe, As, and Ca positively correlate with the ash removal percentage indicating that the samples with high concentration of these elements were prone to demineralization with Pseudomonas mendocina strain B6-1 whereas Ni, Zn, Cr and Cu, negatively correlate with the ash removal percentage and shows that their enrichment impeded the process of demineralization. With increasing concentration of vitrinite the removal of major/minor/trace elements also increased which is attributed to the possible association of these elements with the mineral matter occurring as superficial mounting and superficial blanketing over the vitrinite macerals. This could facilitate the bacterial access to the elements to act upon and remove it to the variable extent. Some minerals occur intergrown with inertinites causing restricted bacterial action owing to the nonexposure of the mineral particles and less surface area available to the bacteria for bioleaching. Sulfur removal strongly relates with increase in inertinite content and decrease in liptinite content. This appears that sulfur associated with liptinites have shown difficult removal condition. The maximum removal of the trace elements like Cd, Cu, Co, Zn and Pb was observed from the ‘banded dull coal’ samples of the Rajmahal basin while maximum removal of major/minor elements like Fe, Ca and Mg was noticed from the ‘banded bright coal’ samples. However, maximum removal of Mn and As was also observed in the samples of ‘banded coal’.  相似文献   

12.
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13.
Five samples from Suriname have been analysed for their chemical composition by 18 laboratories. The proposed reference samples are four soil samples and one lateritic bauxite. The samples were analyzed for major and minor elements as well as for 36 trace elements. More data are needed for better characterization of these samples, particularly for trace elements.  相似文献   

14.
Five Belgian sedimentary rock reference materials have been prepared and distributed by the Geology, Petrology and Geochemistry Laboratory (Liège University, Belgium). Thirty-six laboratories participated in the international co-operative study. The individual data received from the participating laboratories are listed. Tables of compiled results are presented for major, minor and trace elements. These updated values are summarized into means, associated standard deviations, medians, and concentration ranges. "Recommended" (or proposed) values are presented.  相似文献   

15.
Third in the series of collaborative studies launched by the International Working Group "Analytical Standards of Minerals, Ores and Rocks" (IWG), the study on Ailsa Craig Granite AC-E has attracted the participation of 128 laboratories from 29 countries. Tables of compiled data, 3212 results in all, are presented with working values, recommended or proposed, for seventy major, minor and trace elements. The success of this study which lasted for only one year from the distribution of sample to the release of the present report is to be attributed entirely to the record participation of the IWG-Member laboratories.  相似文献   

16.
All data reported by 200 analysts (106 laboratories) are presented for the four ANRT samples: Diorite DR-N, Serpentine UB-N, Bauxite BX-N and Disthène DT-N. Recommended values are given for the major and minor elements. As far as the as trace elements are concerned, DR-N has been characterized for 35 elements whereas the other three samples have been for only 20 elements. Wherever possible, brief comments have been inserted so as to explain our way of assigning recommended or proposed values.
After more than a decade of existence the total number of data reported for all the four samples reach only 3200 units which are not sufficient enough for a valid evaluation of compiled data. It is also pointed out that these samples are most likely to be available even during the next century as they have been prepared in large quantities of the order of one ton. A plea is therefore made for contribution of more data particularly for trace elements and for major elements which are present as trace elements in UB-N, BX-N and DT-N.  相似文献   

17.
The Borrobol Tephra has been identified as one of the key tephra horizons for the Lateglacial time period but it also exemplifies many of the promises and problems of tephrochronology. Additional horizons with similar major element composition and approximately the same age have been identified around the North Atlantic region. Here, we revisit the Borrobol Tephra identified at two Swedish sites, Hässeldala port and Skallahult, and also the Borrobol type‐site in Scotland. We present the first set of minor element data (trace and rare earth analyses) along with new analyses of major elements from these three sites. The analysed minor and the trace elements have a similar signature; however, the glass from the Scottish type‐site seems to imply two populations. To answer if this truly represents two populations, or if it reflects magmatic differentiation additional and larger data sets of minor elements are needed. The new major elements are compared to other Borrobol‐type tephras identified in the North Atlantic region. Our results are in line with earlier investigations, which showed no differences in major elements. Further, comparison of minor elements from glass analyses from our sites with those for eruptions associated with Icelandic central volcanoes implies an Icelandic origin for the Borrobol‐type tephras.  相似文献   

18.
The availability of multi-element analyses provides numerous data on trace elements. These data complete petrochemical analyses in general and are often reported as averages although they vary over many orders of magnitude. It can be shown that the variation of trace elements in ores is related to fundamental processes during ore formation. As examples the fractionation of the lanthanoids in Ca-minerals (fluorite, calcite, apatite, phosphorite, etc.), chalcophile elements in sphalerite and Ga, Sc, W, and Fe in cassiterite are discussed. Plotting of analytical data in variation diagrams (fractional index vs. chemical environmental index) help to decipher the mode of mineral formation.The information obtained from trace and minor element fractionation are discussed with respect to the probable origin of hydrothermal solutions.  相似文献   

19.
The collection and preparation of two soil reference samples and two till reference samples are described. Like their predecessors the LKSD series and the STSD series, the TILL series are characterized for total elements and for elements derived by partial extractions. Provisional data are presented for major, minor and trace elements. In addition, information data from a single source are provided for a number of elements derived by EPA digestions 3050 and 3051; these data allow a comparison with other partial extractions reported herein.  相似文献   

20.
Recent sediments in the Vågen, Bergen harbour, are subjected to injection of untreated sewage from around 15,000 person equivalent. Here the distribution of trace elements is mapped in surface and subsurface sediments. Selected trace-element concentrations decrease from the inner towards the outer Vågen. These concentration gradients do not correlate with minerogenic grain size. Linear correlation, combined with enriched sediment trace elements, are used to infer sources for these elements and possible reasons for their enrichment. (1) Frequent use of dental amalgam might be related to the enrichments of and correlation between Ag, Cu, Hg and Sn in surficial sediments pre-1994. (2) Enrichment and correlation of Cu/Zn may be related to the commercial and private use of anti-fouling boat-paint. Further, tributyltin is suggested as a source of Sn enrichment. (3) Increased traffic in the city of Bergen with gasoline combustion and car-wheel wear-off release Pb and Zn. (4) Hg and Pb might have been atmospherically supplied due to the combustion of coal in a nearby gas plant pre-1985. (5) No correlation is observed between enriched Vågen trace metals and bedrock element composition of the surrounding mountains, indicating a minor supply from erosion.  相似文献   

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