共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
贝藻混养生态系统模拟实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2013年4~6月,在室内采用实验生态学的方法进行了海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradias)和孔石莼(Ulva pertusavar)4种配比模式的混养实验。各实验组扇贝密度均为48只/m3,孔石莼密度分别为55、121、255和338g/m3。每周采样测定水体中营养盐(NH4-N、NO3-N、NO2-N、PO4-P)的含量及养殖生物的生长情况。扇贝与孔石莼的混养实验结果表明,在养殖系统中引入孔石莼可以改善养殖环境,扇贝和孔石莼的适宜混合比例为1︰1(贝肉湿质量:藻类湿质量)能取得较好的生态效应。 相似文献
2.
3.
Barnacles (Balanus sp) were used to examine the uptake and release of chromium-51 added to sea water in two different valence states, 51Cr(VI) and 51Cr(III).Hexavalent chromium-51 (sodium chromate) forms a true ionic solution in filtered sea water and barnacles were able to accumulate chronium in soft tissues 543 times the levels found in sea water. The experiment showed that incorporated Cr(VI), is released to the water in such way that only 20%% of maximum uptake was lost by the organisms after 26 days. Addition of the hexavalent form to non filtered sea water showed that 2% of the total radioactivity was attached to the suspended particles. Here again chromium is mainly concentrated in soft tissues, showing a concentration factor of 380 related to total chromium available in aquarium (solution + suspended particles). From the total radioactivity incorporated by the organisms, 20 % was released after 56 days in the clearance experiment.Chromium, as trivalent chromic chloride, when added to sea water precipitates and is quickly removed from the water by the filter activity of the barnacles. Unlike the hexavalent form, trivalent chromium is not concentrated in soft tissues of the barnacles and is quickly released to the water through the organisms digestive system. 相似文献
4.
Upogebia deltaura was collected quantitatively and qualitatively between June 1980 and August 1982 from a level, sandy bottom at a 12 m depth in the archipelago of Lysekil (on Gullmarsfjorden) about 70 km north of Göteborg, in western Sweden. A total of 347 individuals were obtained. The deepest burrows reached a depth of more than 65 cm into the substrate. During the cold season, U. deltaura was situated much deeper in the substrate than it was during the summer, probably as a result of ‘hibernation’. The average density was 5·0 individuals 0·1 m−2, and the maximum of 10 specimens was found in one 0·1 m2 sample. Out of the 341 individuals identifiable as to sex, 186 (54·6%) were females and 155 (45·4%) were males. Berried females were found between May and August, and the average number of eggs carried was 4757. Ecdysis took place between May and August; most females moulted in the middle of June and most males about one month later, in mid July. The chelipeds of large males were proportionally bigger than were those of large females. Maximum total body length of the females was 65·7 mm, and that of the males was 65·3 mm. 相似文献
5.
Polar bears bioaccumulate lipophilic pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), into their bodies from their exclusive diet of marine organisms. Hydroxylated PCB metabolites (OH-PCBs) have been found in plasma, presumably due to CYP-dependent biotransformation of PCBs in liver. Little is known about the phase 2 metabolism of hydroxylated xenobiotics in polar bears. The objective of this study was to examine UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activity with OH-PCBs and a hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 3-hydroxy-benzo(a)pyrene (3-OH-BaP), in polar bear liver. Samples of frozen polar bear liver were used to prepare microsomes. UGT activity with 3-OH-BaP in Brij-treated microsomes, measured by a fluorescence assay, was readily measurable with protein concentrations in assay tubes of up to 10 μg/ml, but dropped off very sharply at higher protein concentrations. The apparent Km for 3-OH-BaP was 1.71 ± 0.04 μM, and Vmax 1.26 ± 0.16 nmol/min/mg protein (mean ± SD, n=3). UGT activities with a model tetrachloro-OH-PCB (4′-OH-CB72) and a model hexachloro-OH-PCB (4′-OH-CB159) were assayed with [14-C]-UDPGA and separation of the [14-C]-glucuronide by ion-pair extraction and thin-layer chromatography. [14-C]-glucuronide conjugates were readily formed by polar bear liver microsomes in the absence of added substrate, apparently from contaminants present in liver. This phenomenon was not observed using hepatic microsomes from laboratory-held catfish. Glucuronidation efficiency was much higher with 4′-OH-CB72 (Km 7.3 μM; Vmax 1.55 nmol/min/mg) than 4′-OH-CB159 (Km 16.1 μM; Vmax 0.46 nmol/min/mg). The identities of the aglycones present in polar bear liver are not known, but could include OH-PCBs or hydroxylated metabolites of other persistent organic pollutants. This study demonstrates that UGT with high activity for 3-OH-BaP and other substrates is present in polar bear liver. 相似文献
6.
7.
Roberto Carlucci Lembo Giuseppe Maiorano Porzia Capezzuto Francesca Marano Chiara Alessandra Sion Letizia Spedicato Maria Teresa Ungaro Nicola Tursi Angelo Gianfranco D'Onghia 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,83(4):529-538
The spatial pattern of the nursery areas of red mullet (Mullus barbatus), hake (Merluccius merluccius) (Linnaeus, 1758) and deep-water rose shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) (Lucas, 1846) was studied in the South Adriatic and North Ionian Seas (Eastern-Central Mediterranean) applying geostatistical techniques and data from time series trawl surveys conducted in the area. The analysed variables were: R (number of recruits/km2) and R/Tot (fraction of recruits on the total sampled population). The structural analysis showed a spatial pattern of both variables characterized by continuity on a small scale. Predictions of nursery area localization with probability of finding recruits at different threshold values were obtained through median indicator kriging. For the red mullet the nurseries were mainly identified in the South Adriatic Sea off the Gargano peninsula and between Molfetta and Monopoli within 50 m in depth. The main concentration of hake juveniles was found to be between 100 and 200 m in depth along the Gargano peninsula and between Otranto and Santa Maria di Leuca, where a nursery of deep-water rose shrimp was also detected. An overlapping depth, between 100 and 200 m, was identified for hake and deep-water rose shrimp nurseries. Protection of these areas through limitations of fishing pressure is discussed. 相似文献
8.
对野生重口裂腹鱼[Schizothorax(Racoma) davidi(Sauvage)]的性腺发育观察与人工繁殖进行了研究。结果表明,重口裂腹鱼雄鱼3龄达到性成熟,而雌鱼5龄以上方达到性成熟,其性腺指数随着年龄增加而显著上升(P<0.05);雌鱼性腺指数、绝对怀卵量和卵径随着年龄和体重增加明显上升(P<0.05orP<0.01)。对24尾5、6龄雌、雄重口裂腹鱼采用二针注射法进行人工催产实验,平均采卵数为1.33万粒和2.02万粒,采精量为25.4ml和34.8ml。其平均卵子受精率和受精卵出膜时间分别为74.2%和77.1%、203h和227h[水温(16.2±0.9)℃],6龄雌鱼受精卵的卵径、卵重均明显高于5龄雌鱼,6龄雌鱼的受精卵孵化率为41.9%,明显高于5龄雌鱼的30.6%(P<0.05orP<0.01),选用年龄较大的雌鱼作为亲鱼,是保证人工繁殖获得良好效果的关键。 相似文献
9.
Several known mammalian carcinogens were examined for their ability to induce proliferation in hepatocytes of the medaka (Oryzias latipes). Compounds tested were N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN), acrylonitrile (AN), 4-aminobiphenyl (4ABP) and methapyrilene (MP). Cell proliferation was assessed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry. Statistically significant increases in PCNA labeling indices (LIs) occurred following exposure to DEN, AN and 4ABP. Exposure to MP resulted in an apparent, but not statistically significant, LI increase. Proliferation, however, was not correlated with subsequent carcinogenesis except in the case of DEN. AN, 4ABP and MP were not carcinogenic to medaka in bioassays. Overall, cell proliferation appears to be a marker of chemically-induced cytotoxicity in medaka, but its relationship to carcinogenesis is presently not clear. 相似文献
10.
利用FIASCO (Fast Isolation by AFLP Sequences Containing repeats) 技术建立拟穴青蟹Scylla paramamosain基因组文库, 并与生物素标记的(CA)15 寡核苷酸探针杂交, 联合磁珠富集法构建拟穴青蟹微卫星富集文库。测序194 个阳性菌落, 分析其中的150 条序列, 结果表明: 两碱基重复类型占90%以上, 其中重复拷贝数在30 以上的占27.45%; 含微卫星座位189 个, 其中完美型146 个、非完美型28个和复合型15 个。设计125 对引物扩增一个拟穴青蟹野生群体(含20 个个体), 其中的19 对引物能稳定扩增且片段大小基本符合理论长度。遗传变异分析表明, 17 个位点表现出高度多态性, 16 个位点显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg 平衡(P<0.05), 4 组两两位点间存在连锁不平衡现象(P<0.0026, 经Bonferroni 法校正), 7 个微卫星位点可能存在无效等位基因。若排除混合微卫星位点的引物对以及扩增位点PIC (polymorphism information content)值在0.5 以下的引物对, 则13 对引物能用于拟穴青蟹群体遗传学等研究。 相似文献
11.
Natalia G. Zhukova Valentina N. Nesterova Irina P. Prokopchuk Galina B. Rudneva 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2009,56(21-22):1959
The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of the Barents Sea euphausiids populations in the warm period (2000–2005) based on the study of their structure dynamics and distribution under the influence of abiotic and biotic factors. For estimation of their aggregations in the bottom layer, the traditional method was used with the help of the modified egg net (0.2 m2 opening area, 564 μm mesh size). The net is used for collecting euphausiids in the autumn–winter period when their activity is reduced, which results in high-catch efficiency. The findings confirmed the major formation patterns of the euphausiids species composition associated with climate change in the Arctic basin. As before, in the warm years, one can see a clear-cut differentiation of space distribution of the dominant euphausiids Thysanoessa genus with localization of the more thermophilic Thysanoessa inermis in the north-west Barents Sea and Thysanoessa raschii in the east. The major euphausiids aggregations are formed of these species. In 2004, the first data of euphausiids distribution in the northern Barents Sea (77–79°N) were obtained, and demonstrated extremely high concentrations of T. inermis in this area, with the biomass as high as 1.7–2.4 g m−2 in terms of dry weight. These data have improved our knowledge of the distribution and euphausiids abundance during periods of elevated sea-water temperatures in the Barents Sea. The oceanic Atlantic species were found to increase in abundance due to elevated advection to the Barents Sea during the study period. Thus, after nearly a 30-year-long absence of the moderate subtropical Nematoscelis megalops in the Barents Sea, they were found again in 2003–2005. However in comparison with 1960, the north-east border of its distribution considerably shifted to 73°50′N 50°22′E. The portion of Meganyctiphanes norvegica also varied considerably—from 10% to 20% of the total euphausiids population in the warm 1950s–1960s almost to complete disappearing in 1970–1990s. The peak of this species’ occurrence (18–26%) took place in the beginning of warm period (1999–2000) after a succession of cold years. The subsequent reduction of the relative abundance of M. norvegica to 7% might have been mostly caused by fish predation during a period of low population densities of capelin. This high predation pressure may therefore have been mediated both by other pelagic fishes (i.e. herring, blue whiting, polar cod) but also by demersal fishes such as cod and haddock. Similar sharp fluctuations in the capelin stock (the major consumer of euphausiids) created marked perturbations in the food web in the Barents Sea in the middle 1980s and the early 1990s. 相似文献
12.
日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)和欧洲鳗鲡(A. anguilla)的微卫星差异 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用PCR扩增单位点微卫星的方法研究了日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)和欧洲鳗鲡(A. anguilla)的遗传差异.结果表明,微卫星等位基因数目分布范围为8-26,35组被试(5个分类单元各7个位点)的显著性检验的结果表明其杂合性显著缺乏(P＜0.01),日本鳗鲡的4个亚种群的所有微卫星位点均偏离哈-温平衡,对日本鳗鲡种群分化进行的正合检验结果也否定了种内个体随机分布的假设.FST值为0.0098(P=0.00048)揭示了日本鳗鲡亚种群内存在较弱但显著的遗传分化.各分类单元间的FST及RST逐一对应矩阵显示了日本鳗鲡与欧洲鳗鲡两个远缘种之间存在显著差异.计算Goldstein的遗传距离并由此推算出两个种的分化时间约为200多万年. 相似文献
13.
Glycogen, a polymer of glucose, is an important means of storing energy. It is degraded by glycogen phosphorylase (GPH) and hexokinase (HK), glycogen phosphorylase, and hexokinase cDNAs (Ca-GPH andCa-H... 相似文献
14.
ＡｎｅｗｍｅｉｏｆａｕｎａｐｏｌｙｃｈａｅｔａＰｈｏｌｏｅ（Ｐｏｌｙｃｈａｅｔａ，Ｓｉｇａｌｉｏｎｉｄａｅ）ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＨｕａｎｇｈａｉＳｅａ（ＹｅｌｌｏｗＳｅａ）￥ＷｕＢａｏｌｉｎｇ；ＺｈａｏＪｉｎｇａｎｄＤｉｎｇＺｈｉｈｕ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＡｐ... 相似文献
15.
Donax trunculus 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2002,54(6):971
Biology and population dynamics of the suspension-feeding wedge clam Donax trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758) were studied for 13 months (November 1994–April 1996) along the Italian Southern Adriatic coast near the Lagoon of Lesina. Specimens were found at depths between 0 and 2 m, mainly in fine grain bottoms. The spatial coastal distribution showed an intraspecific segregation between young and adult wedge clams. A unimodal recruitment (length >4 mm) occurred in winter (December–February). Length frequency distributions were used to determine age and growth rate. Three year classes were regularly observed and their growth pattern defined. The population showed a maximum length of 37 mm and a longevity of 4 years. Analysis of seasonal variations in the reproductive cycle showed that gametogenesis occurred in spring in females. After the spawning season (March–July) females of D. trunculus remained in a resting stage from August to January. 相似文献
16.
在刺参苗种工厂化生产期间,以体积浓度为0.1%~0.5%薄荷醇作为麻醉剂,通过对玻璃海鞘和不同规格参苗进行麻醉剥离实验,研究参苗与敌害生物——玻璃海鞘分离的效果,从而达到高效清除玻璃海鞘的目的。结果表明:薄荷醇溶液对玻璃海鞘无剥离和杀除的作用效果;大规格(0.58 g±0.05 g)刺参选用浓度0.4%~0.5%薄荷醇溶液麻醉20 min,中规格(0.32 g±0.05 g)刺参选用浓度0.2%~0.5%薄荷醇溶液麻醉20min,小规格(0.17 g±0.01 g)刺参选用浓度0.4%~0.5%薄荷醇溶液麻醉10min以及选用浓度0.1%~0.3%薄荷醇溶液麻醉20 min,抖动脱落率均可达90%以上,麻醉剥离效果显著。麻醉剥离后的刺参经1h的恢复即可达到自然状态,营正常活动附着,无排脏或化皮等不良应激反应。因此,采用薄荷醇麻醉剥离参苗可为安全高效清除玻璃海鞘及分苗的生产环节提供省工省力、高效便捷的方法。 相似文献
17.
The earliest comprehensive plankton sampling programme in the Southern Ocean was undertaken during the early part of last century by Discovery Investigations to gain a greater scientific understanding of whale stocks and their summer feeding grounds. An initial survey was carried out around South Georgia during December 1926 and January 1927 to describe the distribution of plankton during the summer, and to serve as a baseline against which to compare future surveys. We have reanalysed phytoplankton and zooplankton data from this survey and elucidated patterns of community distribution and compared them with our recent understanding of the ecosystem based on contemporary data. Analysis of Discovery data identified five groups of stations with characteristic phytoplankton communities which were almost entirely consistent with the original analysis conducted by [Hardy A.C., Gunther, E.R., 1935. The plankton of the South Georgia whaling grounds and adjacent waters 1926-1927. Discovery Report 11, 1-456]. Major groupings were located at the western end of the island and over the northern shelf where Corethron spp. were dominant, and to the south and east where a more diverse flora included high abundances of Nitzschia seriata. Major zooplankton-station groupings were located over the inner shelf which was characterised by a high abundance of Drepanopus forcipatus and in oceanic water >500 m deep that were dominated by Foraminifera, Oithona spp., Ctenocalanus vanus, and Calanoides acutus. Stations along the middle and outer shelf regions to the north and west, were characterised by low overall abundance. There was some evidence that groupings of stations to the north of the island originated in different water masses on either side of the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front, the major frontal system in the deep ocean close to South Georgia. However, transect lines during 1926/1927 did not extend far enough offshore to sample this frontal region adequately. Interannual variability of zooplankton abundance was assessed from stations which were sampled repeatedly during seven recent British Antarctic Survey cruises (1995-2005) to the region and following taxonomic harmonization and numerical standardization (ind. m−3), a subset of 45 taxonomic categories of zooplankton (species and higher taxa) from 1926/1927, were compared with similar data obtained during the BAS cruises using a linear model. Initially comparisons were restricted to BAS stations that lay within 40 km of Discovery stations although a comparison was also made using all available data. Despite low abundance values in 1926/1927, in neither comparison did Discovery data differ significantly from BAS data. Calculation of the percentage similarity index across cruises did not reveal any systematic differences in species composition between 1926 and 1927 and the present. In the light of ocean warming trends, the existence of more subtle changes in species composition is not ruled out, but an absence of finely resolved time-series data make this impossible to determine. 相似文献
18.
The bivalve molluscs Mytilus californianus and Crassostrea gigas were exposed to filtered seawater containing the isotope 95mTc added as pertechnetate (TcO4?) to study the biokinetic behaviour of this element. Whole body concentration factors for both organisms at equilibrium were small (CF = 1·3–1·5); individual organ concentration factors were highest for the visceral mass in both. Loss rates determined both in the laboratory and under field conditions were biphasic for both molluscs; initial loss of Tc was rapid with slightly more than 50 % of the initial label being lost within 10 days. Thereafter, loss rates decreased and whole body biological half-lives ranged from 80 to 134 days. Neither I? nor IO3? affected the uptake of Tc by M. californianus even when concentrations of these anions exceeded those normally present in seawater by two orders of magnitude. 相似文献
19.
20.
Lydie Herfort Tawnya D. PetersonVictoria Campbell Sheedra FutrellPeter Zuber 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
To better understand the development of the annually recurring late summer red water blooms of the phototrophic ciliate Myrionecta rubra in the Columbia River estuary we examined its standing stocks and measured its growth rates both in the estuary main channels and in Baker Bay, a peripheral embayment situated near the river mouth. Data collected during two summers show a biphasic development of M. rubra blooms, with an initial phase when the protist was only detected in Baker Bay, followed by an established phase when red waters were observed throughout the lower estuary. Ilwaco harbor (Baker Bay’s seaward-end) is at least one of the locations where the bloom starts since M. rubra was detected there at concentrations >100s cell L−1 before Chinook harbor (Baker Bay’s upriver-end) or the estuary main channels. In 2010, this initial phase lasted about 1.5 months, spanning the neap tide of early July to the beginning of the neap tide of mid-August. While high growth rates were measured in Ilwaco harbor during the initial phase (1.2–3.1 d−1) and in the estuary main channels in both surface red (0.7 d−1) and adjacent non-red (1.1 d−1) waters during the established period, growth of the ciliate was not detected in Ilwaco harbor during this second phase. Growth rate data obtained during the established bloom phase also suggest that M. rubra cells in the estuary mostly divide during the daytime and that red water patches might experience self-shading. 相似文献