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凹顶藻属(Laurencia)属于红藻门,真红藻纲,仙菜目,松节藻科,凹顶藻亚科。本属是松节藻科种类最多的少数几个属之一，目前世界上已知约85种左右,多生于热带、亚热带和温带海域。本属的种类变异很大,在分类上被认为是很困难的一个属。
本文对我国西沙群岛产的凹顶藻属进行了分类研究,除因标本数量过少或因缺乏必要的生殖器官,有待将来调查采集补充标本后再行研究外,经鉴定共有下列11种,隶于两个亚属和6个组。 相似文献
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凹顶藻类是近年来海洋红藻分类学研究的主要热点之一(Garbary et al.，1998；Nam et al.，2000；Nam et al.，2001；Masuda et al.，1996， 1998a，2001)。从经典分类学方面来说，这个类群不仅形态学差异大，而且解剖学特征也存在许多需要进一步探讨的问题，难度较大，所以长期以来其系统并不是十分明确。Saito(1967)提出的凹顶藻两亚属的分类系统应该说在当时是比较先进的。各国的藻类学家对此意见比较一致(张峻甫等1985；McDermid 1988)， 虽然有些修改或补充(张峻甫等1985；Furnari et al.，1993；Gil-Rodrigeuz et al.，1993)，但Nam(1990)对此提出了不同意见，他认为营养性生长轴产生的围轴细胞数目比其他分类特征更稳定，因此建议修改凹顶藻类的系统鉴定特征。Nam等(1994)认为凹顶藻属应该划分成两个属:凹顶藻属和拟凹顶藻属Osmundea Stackhouse。随后，Garbary等(1998)认为新的凹顶藻属应该再划分成两个属:凹顶藻属及软骨凹顶藻属Chondrophycus。目前，早期的凹顶藻属被划分成了3个属：凹顶藻属、软骨凹顶藻属及拟凹顶藻属。作者赞同后者的观点。
长期以来，中国凹顶藻类的研究在海藻分类学中是比较薄弱的一个方面，除了Tseng(1943)、张峻甫等(1980，1985)对香港和西沙群岛有过较详细研究外，其他的都比较简略。而随着国际上凹顶藻研究的不断深入，中国于1998年也开始了中国凹顶藻类的系统研究工作。目前作者发现仅在黄渤海分布着一个凹顶藻新记录种，即御前凹顶藻Laurencia omaezakiana Masuda。根据最新的凹顶藻类分类系统，此种仍然属于凹顶藻属。由于凹顶藻属物种含有丰富的次生代谢物质，因此，作为海藻化学研究的热点物种之一，有必要对其进行详细的介绍。 相似文献
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1980年,作者在研究西沙群岛凹顶藻属时建立了两个新种。其一的簇状凹顶藻Laurencia fasciculata Zhang et Xia系Laurencia fasciculata (Turner) Griville的后出同名,根据国际植物命名法规的规定,应予以重新命名,新名称如下: 赛氏凹顶藻 Laurencia silvai zhang et Xia,nom.nov. =簇状凹顶藻 Laurencia fasciculata Zhang et Xia张峻甫、夏邦美,1980。海洋与湖沼11(3):267—270,273—274,图1,2,5:1。 non Laurencia fasciculata (Turner) Greville,Alg.Brit.lii.1830 [Fucus fasciculatus 相似文献
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异枝凹顶藻Laurencia intermedia Yamada广泛地分布于东亚西太平洋沿岸的中国、朝鲜半岛(Nam et al. , 1984)及日本(Yoshida et al. , 1998)。在东南亚的菲律宾(Silva et al., 1987)，太平洋的斐济岛(NYeurt et al., 1996)，东非、印度次大陆及印度洋的斯里兰卡、肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚及Réunion (Silva et al., 1996)，以及西非的利比里亚、象牙海岸及加纳(Law son et al., 1987)等地均有报道。
Howe(1934)最早报道了中国的异枝凹顶藻。1962年，曾呈奎、张峻甫在“黄海西部沿岸海藻区系的温度性质”一文中也提到了该藻。1983年, 曾呈奎等在《Common seaweeds of China》中报道了黄海沿岸的异枝凹顶藻。1983年, 杭金欣等在《浙江海藻原色图谱》报道了浙江嵊山、渔山和南凫岛的异枝凹顶藻。1988年，张峻甫等也再次对该藻进行了报道。2000年，黄淑芳报道了台湾的异枝凹顶藻。 相似文献
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从1964年开始,我们对山西、河北、内蒙古及宁夏等地区的双星藻科植物进行调查研究,积累了一些资料,经整理其中有14个新种和3个新变种,分隶于双星藻属、拟双星藻属、转板藻属和水绵属。本文即报道这些种类。 全部新种和新变种的模式标本,均保存手中国科学院水生生物研究所藻类标本室。 1. 宁夏双星藻(新种)(图版Ⅰ:1) 相似文献
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1979年,我们收到广东省海南岛文昌县海水养殖场送来一份海藻样品,外形很象凝花菜Gelidiella acerosa(Forsskal)Feldm.et Hamel.,嘱代鉴定,据称这种海藻是制造琼胶的好原料,含胶量也比较高,经初步鉴定,竟是凹顶藻属Laurencia的种类,本属的种类可以用作制藻胶原料这还是首次发现。为了进一步证实并作出准确的鉴定,以便开发这一资源,1980年我们专程前往文昌县海水养殖场进行了解,并收集了大量标本,在对其形态构 相似文献
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对历年来采集的马尾藻标本进行系统研究。研究发现，该属的荚托系有新种６个，它们是：上川马尾藻、灌丛马尾灌、灌木马尾藻、广东马尾藻、龙舌兰马尾藻、雷州马尾藻。分类标本于１９５３年３－１２月、１９８７年４月分别采集于广东、广西沿海。模式标本均存于中国科学院海洋研究所植物标本室。 相似文献
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Soil-sized particulates have been collected on board ship by a mesh technique from the lower troposphere of the North, Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean, northern and southern Indian Ocean, South and East China Sea and various coastal localities.Spectrographic analysis reveals that, on average, the particulates have concentrations of Mn, Ni, Co, Ga, Cr, V, Ba, and Sr which are of the same order of magnitude as those in average crustal material. In contrast, the average concentrations of Pb, Sn, and Zn are one order of magnitude higher than those in average crustal material.Within this “world-wide” average there are significant geographical variations in the distributions of Pb, Sn, and Zn which may be related to anthropogenic sources.On the basis of trace-element distributions lower tropospheric soil-sized marine particulates have been divided into four genetic components; local, zonal, inter-zonal, and global. The proportions of these components vary geographically, and each component may have both a natural and an anthropogenic fraction. 相似文献
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Tautog, Tautoga onitis, is an abundant species of fish in estuaries of the northeastern United States. Planktonic tautog larvae are abundant in summer in these estuaries, but there is little information on rates of growth of tautog larvae feeding on natural assemblages of food in the plankton. We examined abundance and growth of larval tautog and environmental factors during weekly sampling at three sites along a nearshore‐to‐offshore transect in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA during summer 1994. This is the first study of a robust sample size (336 larvae) to estimate growth rates of field‐caught planktonic tautog larvae feeding on natural diets, using the otolith daily‐growth‐increment method. The study was over the entire summer period when tautog larvae were in the plankton. The sampling sites contrasted in several environmental variables including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a concentration. There was a temporal progression in the abundance of tautog larvae over the summer, in relation to location and temperature. Tautog larvae were first present nearshore, with a pronounced peak in abundance occurring at the nearshore sites during the last 2 weeks in June. Larvae were absent at this time further offshore. From late June through August, larval abundance progressively decreased nearshore, but increased offshore although never approaching the abundance levels observed at the nearshore sites. The distribution and abundance of tautog larvae appeared to be related to a nearshore‐to‐offshore seasonal warming trend and a nearshore decrease in DO. Otoliths from 336 larvae ranging from 2.3 to 7.7 mm standard length had otolith increment counts ranging from 0 to 19 increments. Growth of larval tautog was estimated at 0.23 mm·day?1, and length of larvae prior to first increment formation was estimated at 2.8 mm indicating that first increment formation occurs 3–4 days after hatching at 2.2 mm. Despite spatial and temporal differences in environmental factors, there were no significant differences in growth rates at any of three given sites over time, or between sites. Because larval presence only occurred at a narrow range of temperature (17–23.5 °C) and DO (6.5–9.3 mg·l?1), in situ differences in growth did not appear to be because of differences in larval distribution and abundance patterns relative to these parameters. 相似文献
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Lars-Göran Danielsson 《Marine Chemistry》1980,8(3):199-215
Results of trace-metal analyses of water samples obtained during a cruise with the Soviet R.V. “Akademik Kurchatov” in the Indian Ocean are presented. The determinations were performed on board with atomic absorption spectrophotometry after a two-stage dithiocarbamate—Freon extraction procedure. Trace-metal concentrations found are in the same range as those found recently for similar open-ocean areas by other workers. The values for lead and zinc are probably high due to contamination. Vertical profiles indicate biogenic processes as controlling factors for the increase of cadmium, copper and nickel concentrations with depth. Iron shows an irregular depth distribution as a result of large random variations in concentration. 相似文献
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Klaus Kremling 《Marine Chemistry》1983,13(2):87-108
In June 1981, dissolved Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn were determined from two detailed profiles in anoxic Baltic waters (with extra data for Fe and Mn from August 1979). Dramatic changes across the O2H2S interface occur in the abundances of Cu, Co, Fe, and Mn (by factors of ?100). The concentrations of Zn, Cd, and Ni at the redox front decrease by factors between 3 to 5.Equilibrium calculations are presented for varying concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and compared with the field data. The study strongly supports the assumption that the solubility of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni is greatly enhanced and controlled by the formation of bisulfide and(or) polysulfide complexes. Differences between predicted and measured concentrations of these elements are mainly evident at lower ΣH2S concentrations.Cobalt proved to be very mobile in anoxic regions, and the results indicate that the concentrations are limited by CoS precipitation. The iron (Fe2+) and manganese (Mn2+) distribution in sulfide-containing waters is controlled by total flux from sediment-water interfaces rather than by equilibrium concentrations of their solid phases (FeS and MnCO3). The concentrations of these metals are therefore expected to increase with prolonged stagnation periods in the basin. 相似文献
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P.N. Froelich L.W. Kaul J.T. Byrd M.O. Andreae K.K. Roe 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(3):239-264
Concentrations of dissolved nutrients (NO3, PO4, Si), germanium species, arsenic species, tin, barium, dimethylsulfide and related parameters were measured along the salinity gradient in Charlotte Harbor. Phosphate enrichment from the phosphate industry on the Peace River promotes a productive diatom bloom near the river mouth where NO3 and Si are completely consumed. Inorganic germanium is completely depleted in this bloom by uptake into biogenic opal. The ratio taken up by diatoms is about 0·7 × 10?6, the same as that provided by the river flux, confirming that siliceous organisms incorporate germanium as an accidental trace replacement for silica. Monomethylgermanium and dimethylgermanium concentrations are undetectable in the Peace River, and increase linearly with increasing salinity to the seawater end of the bay, suggesting that these organogermanium species behave conservatively in estuaries, and are neither produced nor consumed during estuarine biogenic opal formation or dissolution. Inorganic arsenic displays slight removal in the bloom. Monomethylarsenic is produced both in the bloom and in mid-estuary, while dimethylarsenic is conservative in the bloom but produced in mid-estuary. The total production of methylarsenicals within the bay approximately balances the removal of inorganic arsenic, suggesting that most biological arsenic uptake in the estuary is biomethylated and released to the water column. Dimethylsulfide increases with increasing salinity in the estuary and shows evidence of removal, probably both by degassing and by microbial consumption. An input of DMS is observed in the central estuary. The behavior of total dissolvable tin shows no biological activity in the bloom or in mid-estuary, but does display a low-salinity input signal that parallels dissolved organic material, perhaps suggesting an association between tin and DOM. Barium displays dramatic input behavior at mid-salinities, probably due to slow release from clays deposited in the harbor after catastrophic phosphate slime spills into the Peace River. 相似文献