共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2013年9月发射的FY-3C是我国第2代极轨气象卫星的第3颗星,其上装载的微波湿温探测仪在118 GHz氧气吸收线和183 GHz水汽吸收线设计了两组大气探测通道,在大气窗区设置了89 GHz和150 GHz探测通道。为保证微波湿温探测仪在轨定量应用,卫星发射前完成了地面热真空试验。该文介绍了热真空定标试验原理,并对FY-3C微波湿温探测仪正样产品真空试验数据进行了定量分析。数据分析结果表明:FY-3C微波湿温探测仪正样产品15个探测通道的灵敏度均满足设计指标要求,各通道观测亮温间相对独立,定标准确度优于1.6 K,真空试验过程中微波湿温探测仪定标结果稳定。FY-3C微波湿温探测仪发射前热真空定标特性分析结果为仪器在轨定量应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
2.
Operation of a monostatic acoustic sounder on the campus of The University of Calgary for the period March to September, 1976, has provided data on the atmospheric boundary layer over Calgary. The formation and dissipation of the nocturnal temperature inversion layer leaves a clear signature in the sounder records. A trend is discerned in which the nocturnal layer tends to form at sunset, whereas convective instability is established some 2–3 hours after sunrise. Comparison of sounder records with an extensive set of radiosonde temperature profiles has shown that the height of the inversion layer can be determined reliably when a single, dark, ground-based return is visible on the sounder charts. On many occasions, however, the sounder detects multiple structures in the atmosphere. In these cases, it is difficult to establish a systematic correspondence of the turbulent structure as observed in the sounder records with the temperature profile as observed by the radiosonde. 相似文献
3.
J. H. Richter D. R. Jensen R. A. Pappert V. R. Noonkester 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1973,4(1-4):179-199
Simultaneous lidar and FM-CW (frequency modulated-continuous wave) radar observations are presented and both common and different features observed with the two remote sensors are described. Among the common features are Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) waves and turbulent structures. The potential of the FM-CW radar as a meteorological tool for aiding fog dissipation forecasts is illustrated. The data also indicate that the radar often detects echoes from height regions which coincide with cloud tops. A new FM-CW radar sounder is described which incorporates scanning capability and which is fully mobile. Examples of recent observations are presented illustrating the capabilities of this second generation radar sounder.Future applications of the FM-CW radar sounder, such as investigations of the exact nature of the mechanism responsible for the radar returns, require accurate calibration of the radar sounder. It is shown that resolution and sensitivity of a linear frequency-modulated FM-CW radar depend on the time delay of the signal. Range dependency on resolution and sensitivity is calculated for various periodic and stochastic perturbations in a linear modulation and good agreement is found between calculated and measured values. 相似文献
4.
B. R. Bean A. S. Frisch L. G. McAllister J. R. Pollard 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1973,4(1-4):449-474
Clear-air plume and wave-like structures are revealed in the atmospheric boundary layer by combined acoustic remote sensing and meteorological tower measurements. The magnitude of turbulent production and dissipation plus properties of velocity and temperature spectra determined from the tower measurements are well correlated with phenomena indicated by the acoustic sounder. Interpretation of either set of records is greatly enhanced by the other. For example, the onset of a sudden burst of turbulent production from the tower measurements may correspond to plume passage or breaking of stable waves recorded by the acoustic echo sounder. 相似文献
5.
F. Fanaki 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1986,37(1-2):197-207
The application of air quality models requires a knowledge of the meteorological structure of the lower atmosphere. This information can be obtained by the use of acoustic sounders, or airborne sondes. Such studies were carried out at the Athabasca Oil Sands area, Alberta, Canada, during summer and winter seasons. Two acoustic sounders were operated simultaneously at two topographically different locations 4 km apart. The sounding data were supplemented by meteorological observations from minisondes and a tethersonde at one location. The majority of the sounder data from both locations showed turbulent, thin layers often associated with the presence of inversion layers, particularly in the winter season. The data exhibited a number of features common to this type of topography. Both sounder echoes were characterized by a wavy structure indicating a vertical oscillation in the height of the echoes. Although agreeing in general, the data had a few differences especially close to the ground. To determine whether the return of the sounder signal was related to the actual atmospheric structure, the sounder records were compared with local temperature measurements. The result shows good agreement between the different systems. 相似文献
6.
《Journal of Meteorological Research》2021,35(2):371-383
Fengyun-3 D(FY-3 D) satellite is the latest polar-orbiting meteorological satellite launched by China and carries 10 instruments onboard. Its microwave temperature sounder(MWTS) and microwave humidity sounder(MWHS) can acquire a total of 28 channels of brightness temperatures, providing rich information for profiling atmospheric temperature and moisture. However, due to a lack of two important frequencies at 23.8 and 31.4 GHz, it is difficult to retrieve the total precipitable water vapor(TPW) and cloud liquid water path(CLW) from FY-3 D microwave sounder data as commonly done for other microwave sounding instruments. Using the channel similarity between Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership(NPP) advanced technology microwave sounder(ATMS) and FY-3 D microwave sounding instruments, a machine learning(ML) technique is used to generate the two missing low-frequency channels of MWTS and MWHS. Then, a new dataset named as combined microwave sounder(CMWS) is obtained,which has the same channel setting as ATMS but the spatial resolution is consistent with MWTS. A statistical inversion method is adopted to retrieve TPW and CLW over oceans from the FY-3 D CMWS. The intercomparison between different satellites shows that the inversion products of FY-3 D CMWS and Suomi NPP ATMS have good consistency in magnitude and distribution. The correlation coefficients of retrieved TPW and CLW between CMWS and ATMS can reach 0.95 and 0.85, respectively. 相似文献
7.
干涉式大气垂直探测仪（Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder,简称GIIRS）是国际上第一部对地静止卫星平台上的高光谱红外大气垂直探测仪,能为对流尺度区域模式预报提供所需的高时空和高光谱分辨率的大气状态信息。本文利用高分辨率区域模式WRF及其同化系统WRFDA对GIIRS观测的偏差（观测亮温减去模拟亮温,记为O?B）分布特征进行了全景分析,结果表明:长波通道O?B偏差和标准差普遍小于中波通道,且都存在一段受污染的通道。O?B偏差的日变化和偏差与卫星天顶角的关系相对较弱,而所有筛选通道的偏差都与亮温值及卫星的扫描阵列位置有关,偏差的水平分布主要表现出“阵列偏差”的特征。2020年重新定标后,GIIRS观测数据质量比2019年有明显提高。在此基础上进一步进行了偏差订正试验,试验发现选取扫描阵列作为偏差订正的主要因子,都能有效地改进2019年和2020年筛选出的GIIRS通道的偏差,订正后O?B和O?A的系统性误差（偏差）都变小。该研究结果可为全球/区域模式中同化GIIRS长波及中波通道的辐射资料提供参考。 相似文献
8.
P. A. Mandics 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1973,4(1-4):311-322
The index of refraction and its short-term variations have been measured on a 152-m meteorological tower at three fixed levels and on a moveable platform. Analysis of the data reveals that the time rates of production and dissipation of refractivity fluctuations are approximately in balance under a variety of meteorological conditions, and that changes in the rate of dissipation usually coincide with comparable changes in the rate of production. Under reasonably stationary conditions, terms corresponding to the rate of change and vertical diffusion of refractivity variance are found to be negligible. Power spectral densities of the variations increase when the rate of generation (and dissipation) increase, and conversely. Comparison of the results with simultaneous acoustic sounder returns provides a valuable insight into the mechanisms responsible for changes in the rates of production and dissipation. 相似文献
9.
An acoustic echo sounder situated in downtown Toronto has been used to detect convective plumes in the planetary boundary layer and to measure, by means of the Doppler effect, the vertical air motions associated with them. The plumes observed were the order of 390 m in horizontal extent, were detectable to a height of about 400 m, and were characterized by peak upward velocities in excess of 1 m s?1. The sounder measurements are shown to be consistent with surface meteorological parameters, and suggest that free convection over an urban area of considerable surface roughness and non‐uniformity is not greatly different from that over uniform land surfaces or water. 相似文献
10.
T. J. Moulsley D. N. Asimakopoulos C. G. Helmis D. P. Lalas J. Gaynor 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1985,33(1):85-100
In this paper, we present some results on an experiment to test the accuracy and utility of a horizontally-aimed acoustic sounder. A high-frequency, high-resolution mini-sounder was mounted on the mast of the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory aimed in the cross-wind direction. Measurements of C
T
2, wind velocity and temperature and velocity variances were obtained under both stable and unstable conditions. These measurements were found to be in agreement with the equivalent values obtained, where appropriate, by the tower-fixed instrumentation and a vertically-pointed sounder, confirming the accuracy of the horizontal sounder. In addition, some information into the horizontal structure of plumes and gravity waves was obtained along with evidence of lack of excess attenuation at least for lengths within the unambiguous range of mini-sounders. 相似文献
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12.
Details of the top of the atmospheric boundary layer obtained using an acoustic sounder at the summit of an 847 m mountain are presented. 相似文献
13.
Characteristics of the winter boundary layer over the (elevation 1600 m) in the vicinity of Johannesburg, 26 ° S, 29 ° E, are described in relation to air pollution potential by means of doppler sounder observations and background climatological data. Regional mean winds for the 800 h Pa level show that the winter boundary layer is dominated by a cell of high pressure over the Limpopo River Valley to the northeast of Johannesburg. To the south of Johannesburg, westerly circumpolar flow is prevalent and encroaches onto the plateau during the passage of frontal perturbations. Doppler sounder wind and turbulence profiles, averaged for the months of August 1984 and June 1985, are presented to establish a boundary-layer climatology. Diurnally averaged doppler sounder profiles for both months revealed a very consistent convective/day — stable/night cycle in the very dry winter conditions. A sharp radiation inversion formed just after sunset up to the 150–200 m level and grew in depth to reach 300 m on average near sunrise. The inversion caused a reduction in frictional drag and the formation of nocturnal low level jet during westerly encroachment. A case study is evaluated to determine the detailed structure of the low level jet near Johannesburg. The thermal wind plays a role in the nocturnal acceleration; mechanisms for its development and maintenance are explored. Additional work is presented on the synoptic cycle and its influence on air pollution dispersion over the African Plateau. 相似文献
14.
通道选择是红外高光谱探测资料同化的关键技术。为了最大限度提取红外高光谱探测资料观测信息,减少模式在青藏高原等常规观测稀少地区的初始场的误差,不同区域需要选取不同通道进行同化。基于信号自由度的通道选择方法提出一种面向资料同化的红外高光谱资料的局地综合通道选择方案,该方案综合考虑了局地的大气温度垂直分布特征、背景误差协方差、仪器通道的雅克比函数、权重函数和其他影响红外高光谱模拟和同化的因素。针对CMA＿GFS（原GRAPES＿GFS）全球背景误差协方差,在高原和海洋两个典型区域对FY-3D/HIRAS红外高光谱资料的温度通道进行局地综合通道选择,并通过一维变分同化评估了局地综合通道选择方案对分析场的影响。结果表明,高原和海洋两个典型区域的大气温度垂直分布特征、背景误差协方差、模式垂直分层以及各通道的雅克比函数和权重函数均有明显的差异,选出的敏感通道也明显不同,相比较在其他区域选择出的通道,在对应地区选择的通道能够显著提高红外高光谱资料的同化效果。 相似文献
15.
Measured concentration levels of carbon monoxide present in the atmosphere near the ground surface have been studied in relation to atmospheric stability inferred from acoustic sounder vis-à-vis the density of motor-vehicular traffic responsible for the emission of carbon monoxide gas. It has been seen that concentration levels of carbon monoxide during peak traffic hours depend on the prevailing stability of the atmosphere. The need for continuous monitoring of atmospheric stability at a place using acoustic sounder to assess air quality has been emphasized. 相似文献
16.
Zhenglong LI Jun LI Pei WANG Agnes LIM Jinlong LI Timothy J.SCHMIT Robert ATLAS Sid-Ahmed BOUKABARA Ross N.HOFFMAN 《大气科学进展》2018,35(10):1217-1230
Accurate atmospheric temperature and moisture information with high temporal/spatial resolutions are two of the key parameters needed in regional numerical weather prediction(NWP) models to reliably predict high-impact weather events such as local severe storms(LSSs). High spectral resolution or hyperspectral infrared(HIR) sounders from geostationary orbit(GEO) provide an unprecedented source of near time-continuous, three-dimensional information on the dynamic and thermodynamic atmospheric fields—an important benefit for nowcasting and NWP-based forecasting. In order to demonstrate the value of GEO HIR sounder radiances on LSS forecasts, a quick regional OSSE(Observing System Simulation Experiment)framework has been developed, including high-resolution nature run generation, synthetic observation simulation and validation, and impact study on LSS forecasts. Results show that, on top of the existing LEO(low earth orbit) sounders, a GEO HIR sounder may provide value-added impact [a reduction of 3.56% in normalized root-mean-square difference(RMSD)] on LSS forecasts due to large spatial coverage and high temporal resolution, even though the data are assimilated every 6 h with a thinning of 60 km. Additionally, more frequent assimilations and smaller thinning distances allow more observations to be assimilated, and may further increase the positive impact from a GEO HIR sounder. On the other hand, with denser and more frequent observations assimilated, it becomes more difficult to handle the spatial error correlation in observations and gravity waves due to the limitations of current assimilation and forecast systems(such as a static background error covariance). The peak reduction of 4.6% in normalized RMSD is found when observations are assimilated every 3 h with a thinning distance of 30 km. 相似文献
17.
Summer weather conditions along the west coast of Africa near 34 ° S, 18 ° E are investigated using doppler acoustic sounder profiles. Case studies were selected from a two-year record to form composite analyses over the diurnal cycle. The SE trade wind exhibited a low level jet at the level of the temperature inversion due to a sharp reversal in the thermal wind vector aloft. Mean wind speeds reached 14 m s–1 just before midnight as the surface and upper inversions strengthened. Seabreezes were categorised by the supporting gradient wind and found to have mean depths of 400 m, speeds of over 6 m s–1 at the 200 m level, and advance/retreat times of 09 hr and 16–20 hr. During seabreezes and weak on-shore gradient flow conditions, the thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) was monitored with sounder transects in the first 12 km of the coastal zone. The growth height was observed to be 1:20 in the first 5 km and 1:50 farther inland. The sounder climatology, together with surface network and aerial survey results, illustrate the four-dimensional characteristics of trade winds and seabreezes near Cape Town. 相似文献
18.
中国气象局数值预报中心新近升级的GRAPES全球三维变分同化系统的大气基本状态变量在物理属性与定义的网格和坐标上与预报模式保持一致,是一个完全针对GRAPES预报模式的同化系统。该系统不仅有利于减小分析误差,也是构建GRAPES四维变分同化系统的基本环节之一。该文通过与观测资料的对比、与国际其他业务中心分析场的对比,以及中期数值预报的检验,对新的GRAPES全球三维变分同化系统性能进行较全面讨论,并通过对这一系统的检验,探索资料同化系统性能的检验方法,尤其是观测资料同化效果的定量评价方法。诊断结果表明:在宏观特征上,GRAPES变分同化系统的分析场与欧洲中期数值预报中心和美国国家环境预测中心的分析场十分相似, 但细节上仍有差别。这些差别主要源自GRAPES同化系统中探空、地面报、掩星以及飞机报观测的贡献偏大,而卫星垂直探测仪观测资料的作用尚未充分发挥。从探测单要素来讲,风及湿度观测的作用发挥不够。此外,青藏高原周围地区、模式高层及赤道地区分析场偏差较大,它们与模式地形及高层的处理等有关系,这些问题有待进一步改进。 相似文献
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20.
The planetary boundary layer (PBL) over the Indian Antarctic station, Maitri (70.7° S; 11.7° E; 120 m asl) has been studied using a monostatic acoustic sounder. Acoustic sounder records reveal that the Antarctic PBL remains stably stratified throughout the year except for some periods in the peak summer months. The summertime PBL exhibits a diurnal variation with ground-based inversions developing at night and the convective plumes occurring during the peak sunlight hours. The cyclonic inflow of warm oceanic air towards the continent's interior from the coast helps in the development of the elevated layers and the Kelvin-Helmholtz waves observed on the sodar records. 相似文献