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An unprecedented heavy rainfall event occurred in Henan Province, China, during the period of 1200 UTC 19 -1200 UTC 20 July 2021 with a record of 522 mm accumulated rainfall. Zhengzhou, the capital city of Henan, received 201.9 mm of rainfall in just one hour on the day. In the present study, the sensitivity of this event to atmospheric variables is investigated using the ECMWF ensemble forecasts. The sensitivity analysis first indicates that a local YellowHuai River low vortex (YHV) in the southern part of Henan played a crucial role in this extreme event. Meanwhile, the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) was stronger than the long-term average and to the west of its climatological position. Moreover, the existence of a tropical cyclone (TC) In-Fa pushed into the peripheral of the WPSH and brought an enhanced easterly flow between the TC and WPSH channeling abundant moisture to inland China and feeding into the YHV. Members of the ECMWF ensemble are selected and grouped into the GOOD and the POOR groups based on their predicted maximum rainfall accumulations during the event. Some good members of ECMWF ensemble Prediction System (ECMWF-EPS) are able to capture good spatial distribution of the heavy rainfall, but still underpredict its extremity. The better prediction ability of these members comes from the better prediction of the evolution characteristics (i.e., intensity and location) of the YHV and TC In-Fa. When the YHV was moving westward to the south of Henan, a relatively strong southerly wind in the southwestern part of Henan converged with the easterly flow from the channel wind between In-Fa and WPSH. The convergence and accompanying ascending motion induced heavy precipitation. 相似文献
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干涉式大气垂直探测仪（Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder,简称GIIRS）是国际上第一部对地静止卫星平台上的高光谱红外大气垂直探测仪,能为对流尺度区域模式预报提供所需的高时空和高光谱分辨率的大气状态信息。本文利用高分辨率区域模式WRF及其同化系统WRFDA对GIIRS观测的偏差（观测亮温减去模拟亮温,记为O?B）分布特征进行了全景分析,结果表明:长波通道O?B偏差和标准差普遍小于中波通道,且都存在一段受污染的通道。O?B偏差的日变化和偏差与卫星天顶角的关系相对较弱,而所有筛选通道的偏差都与亮温值及卫星的扫描阵列位置有关,偏差的水平分布主要表现出“阵列偏差”的特征。2020年重新定标后,GIIRS观测数据质量比2019年有明显提高。在此基础上进一步进行了偏差订正试验,试验发现选取扫描阵列作为偏差订正的主要因子,都能有效地改进2019年和2020年筛选出的GIIRS通道的偏差,订正后O?B和O?A的系统性误差（偏差）都变小。该研究结果可为全球/区域模式中同化GIIRS长波及中波通道的辐射资料提供参考。 相似文献
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已有研究表明辐射对热带气旋发生发展具有明显调制作用,高原涡与热带气旋有类似的暖心低压结构,辐射在高原涡发生发展过程中的作用也值得探讨。本文利用ERA-Interim再分析资料,通过中尺度数值模式WRF-ARW研究了辐射日变化对高原涡个例发展的影响机制。模拟结果表明,太阳短波辐射对高原涡的发生发展具有明显的调制作用。控制试验（CTL;即保留太阳辐射日变化）较好的再现了高原涡的发展过程。在去掉短波辐射过程的夜间试验（All_night）中,前期高原涡发展速度较快。而在白天（All_day）试验中,短波辐射过程抑制了高原涡的发展。诊断分析表明,夜间长波辐射冷却加强对流层温度递减率,减弱大气静力稳定度;同时,大气温度的降低使得夜间相对湿度增大,有利于对流层低层出现位势不稳定,进而促使高原涡的形成和发展。反之,太阳短波辐射有利于对流层高层增温,加强大气静力稳定度,从而抑制对流活动发展。夜间低层辐合更为强盛,有利于上升运动的加强并诱发高原涡形成;非平衡项结果显示,在高原涡环流中心区域存在正值区,而低涡四周为明显的负值区。从动力学和热力学特征来看,高原涡的发展与热带气旋具有一定的相似性。 相似文献
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