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超高层建筑幕墙施工过程分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
传统的幕墙结构设计,往往忽略施工过程对其安全性的影响,这种近似的分析方法会与实际情况有较大差异,结果不可信。尤其对于超高层建筑,其施工过程中力学变化复杂,对幕墙整体安全性的影响具有一定未知性,需要深入分析。针对此问题,结合刚度迁移法对上海中心大厦幕墙施工过程进行研究,重点分析了典型分区幕墙支撑结构应力及吊杆变形在施工中的变化;利用显式有限元方法分析了伸臂桁架的合拢次序,保证了幕墙施工的安全性。结果表明：幕墙支撑结构应力在各施工阶段存在差异,幕墙玻璃施工结束后,应力达到最大值,后续施工中,应力逐渐减小;吊杆最大竖向变形量出现在本区幕墙玻璃施工中;为保证幕墙施工的安全性,应合理安排伸臂桁架的合拢次序及时间。 相似文献
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为探讨主塔横梁对无背索斜拉桥结构的静动力特性影响,以某无背索斜拉桥为原型,采用三维静\,动力有限元计算方法,分析了实心横梁、大空心横梁、小空心横梁与无横梁四种主塔横梁方案的静、动力结构特性。静力计算结果表明:在最不利荷载作用下,四种对比方案中,实心横梁的拉索应力接近安全系数临界值;横梁重量越大,主梁挠度及主塔顺桥向变形值越小,且未设置横梁的方案在长期荷载作用下产生主跨侧的收缩徐变变形值。动力计算结果表明:大空心横梁方案结构横桥向刚度最大塔底轴力最大、横桥向弯矩值最大;无横梁时横桥向剪力最大,且无横梁方案使得主塔刚度较小,阵型易出现主塔横向失稳。综合考虑结构静、动力特性与施工便利性和后期维护,建议该结构采用实心主塔横梁。 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2016,(4)
为了提高实际工程中吊杆张力的测试精度,基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论,考虑外界环境温度变化以及吊杆预应力作用对吊杆振动的影响,建立了变温时吊杆自由振动运动方程,并根据长吊杆边界条件,给出了吊杆张力与温度变化、横向振动频率关系式,分析了吊杆热过屈曲温升条件。采用数值模拟方法与工程实例进行了验证。计算结果显示,环境温度相同时,张力增大吊杆同阶振动频率增大;当张力相同时,环境温度升高,吊杆同阶振动频率降低。对于季节温差较大的地区,吊杆张力测试时环境温度影响不可忽略。考虑温度影响时,关系式计算精度较高,更接近真实值,且方程为显式,实用性强。 相似文献
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基于实测车流的悬索桥吊杆钢丝寿命期内的疲劳评定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将过桥实测车流数据与数值模拟分析结合起来,以江阴大桥的吊杆为研究对象,考虑不同车道对吊杆疲劳寿命的影响,建立了大跨度悬索桥疲劳车辆荷载模型和吊杆钢丝寿命期内的疲劳评估实用方法以及基于S-N曲线的吊杆寿命期内的疲劳损伤评定方法。研究结果表明,跨中短吊杆的疲劳退化快于桥塔附近的长吊杆,短吊杆是疲劳养护的重点;在吊杆的20年寿命期内,不需要考虑疲劳更换,但需要对跨中短吊杆采取监视措施。该方法可用于悬索桥吊索的安全评估与剩余寿命分析,能为吊杆的检测、维护与管理提供决策依据。 相似文献
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根据平顶山市城东河路湛河桥主桥—斜靠式拱桥的结构特点,采用M IDAS/C ivil有限元软件,建立了该桥的空间有限元计算模型,进行了不同吊杆损伤情况下的桥梁动力特性计算,通过对比桥梁在完好状态和不同吊杆损伤情况下的桥梁动力特性,得出结论:吊杆损伤对斜靠式拱桥的低阶自振频率总体影响较小,但对桥梁整体竖向自振频率和扭转自振频率相对影响较大,吊杆损伤导致桥梁竖向和扭转自振频率降低;主拱吊杆损伤比稳定拱吊杆损伤对该桥的自振频率影响大,跨中吊杆损伤比1/4跨处吊杆损伤对该桥自振频率影响大。计算结果对正确认识斜靠式拱桥在不同状态下的结构动力特征,合理评价桥梁运营阶段的健康状况提供了参考和基础性数据。 相似文献
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排架支承式渡槽自振频率的简化计算方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对于排架支承式渡槽自振频率的简化计算方法进行了研究，对于竖向力、柱和横梁的刚度的相对变化对结构自振频率的影响也进行了研究，从研究结果可发现随着竖向力的增加该结构的自振频率逐渐降低，柱和横梁的刚度的相对变化对于结构的自振频率有比较大的影响。本文的研究成果可为渡槽结构的设计计算提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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桥面系采用梁单元模拟时,横梁的模拟正确与否对计算结果影响很大.在对横梁的力学特性分析基础上,总结了刚性材料法的不足;提出的约束方程法,可以简单有效建立起刚性横梁节点之间的相互位移关系,并应用通用有限元程序ANSYS给出了算例,证明该方法具有实际应用价值,尤其适合于斜拉桥和悬索桥的空间有限元模拟. 相似文献
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《世界地震工程》2015,(3)
以钢筋混凝土结构非线性有限元分析理论为基础,利用数值模拟建立分离式钢筋混凝土模型及其相应的本构关系和破坏准则,计算分析了预应力横梁在不加固和加固两种工况下应力、挠度和极限承载能力等参数结果,总结了预应力横梁在梁底增大截面后施加体外预应力加固技术的优势和不足,为该加固技术的实际应用提供了基础。为验证该加固技术的实际效果,通过物理模型试验分别对未加固和加固后的横梁进行了荷载试验。结果表明:经加固后的横梁极限承载能力有较大幅度提高,加固效果明显,不足之处是达到极限承载能力时在加固区的4个边角区会有应力集中现象,造成局部混凝土出现损伤,这需要在实际加固工程中引起注意并在后续研究中加以解决。 相似文献
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Many highway bridges were severely damaged or completely collapsed during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.A field investigation was carried out in the strongly affected areas and over 320 bridges were examined. Damage to some representative highway bridges is briefly described and a preliminary analysis of the probable causes of the damage is presented in this paper. The most common damage included shear-flexural failure of the pier columns, expansion joint failure, shear key failure, and girder sliding in the transversal or longitudinal directions due to weak connections between girder and bearings. Lessons learned from this earthquake are described and recommendations related to the design of curved and skewed bridges, design of bearings and devices to prevent girder collapse, and ductility of bridge piers are presented.Suggestions for future seismic design and retrofitting techniques for bridges in moderate to severe earthquake areas are also proposed. 相似文献
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伸缩缝刚度对大跨度悬索桥动力特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
伸缩缝作为大跨度桥梁与引桥之间的重要连接构件,其抗推刚度及可能存在的变异性对主桥及引桥动力特性的影响不可忽略。本文建立了大跨度悬索桥及引桥的有限元模型,采用弹簧单元模拟加劲梁与引桥箱梁之间的伸缩缝,分析伸缩缝刚度对悬索桥及引桥自振特性及其地震响应的影响规律。分析结果表明:伸缩缝刚度对加劲梁的横弯振型、竖弯与纵飘耦合振型的频率有明显的影响;伸缩缝刚度的变化会导致加劲梁与引桥的振型相互耦合,同时这些振型的频率发生相应的突变,当伸缩缝刚度较大时,加劲梁两个竖弯与纵飘的耦合振型解耦成为独立的竖弯和纵飘振型;当引桥与悬索桥加劲梁的纵飘振型发生耦合时,在纵向和竖向地震作用下的悬索桥及引桥的地震响应达到最小。伸缩缝刚度对悬索桥动力特性影响的分析可为悬索桥的模态参数确认、损伤识别、抗震性能分析提供有价值的借鉴。 相似文献
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为了准确分析FPS隔震桥梁的纵向地震碰撞反应,针对一典型3跨FPS隔震简支梁桥,建立了考虑FPS双向耦合效应和梁缝处三维碰撞效应的非线性动力计算模型,分析双向地震作用下FPS隔震简支梁桥纵向地震碰撞反应;研究支座半径和摩擦系数对简支梁桥纵向地震碰撞反应的影响规律。研究结果表明:横向地震作用会增大简支梁邻梁间纵向地震碰撞次数和碰撞力,降低墩底纵向剪力;为减小地震碰撞反应,设计时可适当增大支座半径和支座摩擦系数。 相似文献
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The classical continuum model for the linear vertical vibrations of a suspension bridge (Bleich et al., 1950 [1]) is re-examined. The primary objective of the study is to extend the definitive analytical and numerical results of Irvine and Caughey (1974) [2], Irvine and Griffin (1976) [3] and Irvine (1980, 1981) [4], [5] for the natural frequencies, mode shapes, and modal participation factors for an extensible suspension cable, which depend on one dimensionless parameter related to the elasticity of the cable, to the case of a stiffened suspension bridge in which the response depends also on a second dimensionless parameter related to the stiffness of the girder. The continuum suspension bridge model is also used to understand the pattern of variation of mode shapes as a function of cable elasticity and girder stiffness, which has been shown by West et al. (1984) [6] to be considerably more complex than that for a suspension cable. Finally, the threshold amplitudes of free vibrations that would result in the incipient slackening of the hangers are determined. 相似文献
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以跨度最大的双层斜拉桥闵浦大桥为背景,研究了双层板桁钢梁桥面板的受力特性,阐述了精细壳单元与梁单元结合的整体有限元模型,并分析了上、下桥面间腹杆的受力特性与桥面板的应力分布特性;采用桥面纵横梁间带U肋精细桥面模型,分析了桥面板和U肋在车辆荷载作用下的应力分布。研究表明,上、下层桥面横桥向应力小于纵桥向应力,并且横桥向应力的不均匀性明显大于纵桥向;车轮荷载作用下,正交异性桥面板应力分析时,荷载位置对纵横向应力峰值的影响很小,并且横桥向应力起控制作用,峰值均出现在U肋与顶板交接处。 相似文献
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It is known that the maximum danger of flutter-type aerodynamic instability for suspension bridges occurs during the early erection phases of the deck. The effectiveness of two different provisional measures for increasing the instability critical windspeed in such conditions is evaluated for a long span suspension bridge with flat box stiffening girder. 相似文献
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The Sutong Bridge in China opened to traffic in 2008, and is an arterial connection between the cities of Nantong and Suzhou. It is a cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 1,088 m. Due to a tight construction schedule and lack of suitable seismic devices at the time, fixed supports were installed between the piers and the girder in the transverse direction. As a result, significant transverse seismic forces could occur in the piers and foundations, especially during a return period of a 2500-year earthquake. Therefore, the piers, foundations and fixed bearings had to be designed extraordinarily strong. However, when larger earthquakes occur, the bearings, piers and foundations are still vulnerable. The recent rapid developments in seismic technology and the performance-based design approach offer a better opportunity to optimize the transverse seismic design for the Sutong Bridge piers. The optimized design can be applied to the Sutong Bridge(as a retrofit), as well as other bridges. Seismic design alternatives utilizing viscous fluid dampers(VFD), or friction pendulum sliding bearings(FPSB), or transverse yielding metallic dampers(TYMD) are thoroughly studied in this work, and the results are compared with those from the current condition with fixed transverse supports and a hypothetical condition in which only sliding bearings are provided on top of the piers(the girder can move "freely" in the transverse direction during the earthquake, except for frictional forces of the sliding bearings). Parametric analyses were performed to optimize the design of these proposed seismic devices. From the comparison of the peak bridge responses in these configurations, it was found that both VFD and TYMD are very effective in the reduction of transverse seismic forces in piers, while at the same time keeping the relative transverse displacements between piers and the box girder within acceptable limits. However, compared to VFD, TYMD do not interact with the longitudinal displacements of the girder, and have simpler details and lower initial and maintenance costs. Although the use of FPSB can also reduce seismic forces, it generally causes the transverse relative displacements to be higher than acceptable limits. 相似文献
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The dynamic response of single span simply supported bridge decks subjected to the passage of vehicles is examined. A modal analysis approach is adopted that is based upon a finite strip idealization of the deck. The vehicle is modelled as a rigid body supported at two points by a suspension idealization that accounts for the effect of tyre stiffness and the frictional nature of real suspension systems. Results are presented for an orthotropic slab deck and a box girder deck that illustrate the effects of (i) the initial precompression of the suspension system as the vehicle enters the span, (ii) the ratio of the vehicle's natural frequency to that of the bridge deck and (iii) a bridge deck surface profile that is not perfectly horizontal. 相似文献
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以南京江心洲大桥主桥为研究对象,采用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了该独塔自锚式悬索桥的三维有限元模型,采用子空间迭代法对该桥模型进行了自振特性的分析,在其中考虑了几何非线性的影响。对该桥模型进行模态分析。在此基础上运用反应谱法计算了该桥的纵向、横向、竖向、纵向＋竖向以及横向＋竖向的地震响应,并针对其主要截面位置进行分析。结果表明,横向地震下的塔底应力比纵向、竖向输入下大,竖向地震作用下主梁地震应力要比横向、纵向地震作用下的大,塔顶位移在纵向＋竖向地震动输入时的位移值最大等。研究结果对同类桥型的工程抗震研究具有参考意义。 相似文献
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A series of shaking table tests were conducted on scaled utility tunnel models with and without construction joints under non-uniform input earthquake wave excitation. Details of experimental setup are first presented with particular focuses on: design and fabrication of double-axis laminar shear box with a rectangular hole opened on its side walls; design of two devices for measuring the slippage between the interface of test soil and the structure, and the relative deformation and rotation between joints of the structure model; and procedure for construction of input earthquake wave. The experiments were conducted in three phases. Phase 1 is free-field test. A 2-norm index is suggested to quantify the boundary effect and it is found that the designed laminar box does not impose significant boundary effect. Phases 2 and 3 are model tests in longitudinal and transversal directions, respectively. Test results are discussed in items of shear force–slip relationship at the soil–model structure interaction surface, movement and rotation of the construction joint, and effect of non-uniform earthquake input. The comparison shows that structural response under non-uniform earthquake excitation is larger than that under uniform excitation. The effect of spatial distribution of earthquake excitation should be considered in the seismic design of utility tunnel. 相似文献