共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
B.N. Handy M.E. Bruner T.D. Tarbell A.M. Title C.J. Wolfson M.J. Laforge J.J. Oliver 《Solar physics》1998,183(1):29-43
The Transition Region and Coronal Explorer is a space-borne solar telescope featuring high spatial and temporal resolution. TRACE images emission from solar plasmas in three extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths and several ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths, covering selected ion temperatures from 6000 K to 1 MK. The TRACE UV channel employs special optics to collect high-resolution solar images of the H i L line at 1216 Å, the C iv resonance doublet at 1548 and 1550 Å, the UV continuum near 1550 Å, and also a white-light image covering the spectrum from 2000–8000 Å.We present an analytical technique for creating photometrically accurate images of the C iv resonance lines from the data products collected by the TRACE UV channel. We use solar spectra from several space-borne instruments to represent a variety of solar conditions ranging from quiet Sun to active regions to derive a method, using a linear combination of filtered UV images, to generate an image of solar C iv 1550 Å emission. Systematic and statistical error estimates are also presented. This work indicates that C iv measurements will be reliable for intensities greater than 1014 photons s–1 cm–2 sr–1. This suggests that C iv 1550 Å images will be feasible with statistical error below 20% in the magnetic network, bright points, active regions, flares and other features bright in C iv. Below this intensity the derived image is dominated by systematic error and read noise from the CCD. 相似文献
2.
Warren HP Bookbinder JA Forbes TG Golub L Hudson HS Reeves K Warshall A 《The Astrophysical journal》1999,527(2):L121-L124
The ability of the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) to image solar plasma over a wide range of temperatures (Te approximately 104-107 K) at high spatial resolution (0&farcs;5 pixels) makes it a unique instrument for observing solar flares. We present TRACE and Yohkoh observations of an M2.4 two-ribbon flare that began on 1999 July 25 at about 13:08 UT. We observe impulsive footpoint brightenings that are followed by the formation of high-temperature plasma (Te greater, similar10 MK) in the corona. After an interval of about 1300 s, cooler loops (Te<2 MK) form below the hot plasma. Thus, the evolution of the event supports the qualitative aspects of the standard reconnection model of solar flares. The TRACE and Yohkoh data show that the bulk of the flare emission is at or below 10 MK. The TRACE data are also consistent with the Yohkoh observations of hotter plasma (Te approximately 15-20 MK) existing at the top of the arcade. The cooling time inferred from these observations is consistent with a hybrid cooling time based on thermal conduction and radiative cooling. 相似文献
3.
The Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) instrument includes a “white light” imaging capability with novel characteristics.
Many flares with such white-light emission have been detected, and this paper provides an introductory overview of these data.
These observations have 0.5″ pixel size and use the full broad-band response of the CCD sensor; the images are not compromised
by ground-based seeing and have excellent pointing stability as well as high time resolution. The spectral response of the
TRACE white-light passband extends into the UV, so these data capture, for the first time in images, the main radiative energy
of a flare. This initial survey is based on a sample of flares observed at high time resolution for which the Reuven Ramaty
High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) had complete data coverage, a total of 11 events up to the end of 2004. We
characterize these events in terms of source morphology and contrast against the photosphere. We confirm the strong association
of the TRACE white-light emissions - which include UV as well as visual wavelengths – with hard X-ray sources observed by
RHESSI. The images show fine structure at the TRACE resolution limit, and often show this fine structure to be extended over
large areas rather than just in simple footpoint sources. The white-light emission shows strong intermittency both in space
and in time and commonly contains features unresolved at the TRACE resolution. We detect white-light continuum emission in
flares as weak as GOES C1.6. limited by photon statistics and background solar fluctuations, and support the conclusion of
Neidig (1989) that white-light continuum occurs in essentially all flares. 相似文献
4.
We present observations of several large two-ribbon flares observed with both the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) and the soft X-ray telescope on Yohkoh. The high spatial resolution TRACE observations show that solar flare plasma is generally not confined to a single loop or even a few isolated loops but to a multitude of fine coronal structures. These observations also suggest that the high-temperature flare plasma generally appears diffuse while the cooler ( less, similar2 MK) postflare plasma is looplike. We conjecture that the diffuse appearance of the high-temperature flare emission seen with TRACE is due to a combination of the emission measure structure of these flares and the instrumental temperature response and does not reflect fundamental differences in plasma morphology at the different temperatures. 相似文献
5.
The Grazing Incidence Solar Telescope (GRIST) as it is being studied by the European Space Agency (ESA) is described: A soft X-ray and extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) facility for solar observations with 1 arc sec spatial resolution in a wavelength range extending from 9 to beyond 100 nm. The telescope, a 35° sector of a Wolter, type-II, configuration, will have a focal length of 4 m and a collection area of 280 cm2.It is planned that GRIST be flown on joint Spacelab flights with the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT), a NASA facility for the wavelength range, 110 nm to 1 m, which affords a 0.1 arc sec spatial resolution. This would render possible synoptic observations of the solar atmosphere with the highest ever achieved spatial resolution at wavelengths between 9 nm and 1 m.Possible focal-plane instruments and the most important research goals are briefly described.Proceedings of the 14th ESLAB Symposium on Physics of Solar Variations, 16–19 September 1980, Scheveningen, The Netherlands.On behalf of the ESA Consultants for the Phase-A Study of GRIST: A. H. Gabriel, U. Grossmann-Doerth, M.C.E.H., M. Malinovsky-Arduini, G. Tondello, and H. F. van Beek. 相似文献
6.
On March 23rd 1999 a set of TRACE (Transition Region and Coronal Explorer) observations were taken in support of Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) / TRACE Joint Observing Program 83. The program is designed to look for coronal heating mechanisms operating at high cadence and to observe their dynamical effects on coronal loop density, temperature and magnetic structure. We present here a study of 27 small, dynamic brightening events seen in this data. These events are seen in the quiet-Sun areas surrounding the active region. The data itself consists of 157 171 Å 512×512 arc sec images at 1 arc sec resolution and 9 second cadence, a previously unavailable combination of cadence, resolution and image size. Three classes of events are introduced: complex, intermediate and simple. All three classes share the property of being dynamic on small time and length scales but differ in the complexity of their behavior. We find that the brightenings across all classes exhibit variations as part of a distribution of time scales (90–400 s) peaked around 228 s. The brightenings are no more than 5 arc sec in diameter. Motions between brightenings occur on time scales from 9 to 90 s and on length scales no greater than 10 arc sec. These motions have velocities estimated to be in the range 89–174 km s?1. The position of these events in the spectrum of previously observed coronal heating events is discussed.
相似文献7.
8.
S. Audic 《Solar physics》1991,135(2):275-297
In the coming years, some solar telescopes will be able to yield the Stokes' parameters of polarized light with a resolution better than 1 arc sec (0.3 arc sec for THEMIS). We have simulated the Stokes' parameters of a solar magnetic flux tube as seen with such a resolution. We have shown that, observing with a line-of-sight not parallel to the axis of the flux tube (assumed vertical and axisymmetric), it is possible to see differences between different configurations of the magnetic field inside the flux tube (presence, and in what direction, of an azimuthal component of the field). Furthermore, along such a line-of-sight, the polarization profiles of any atomic line are strongly absorbed at the line center. We then suggest a strategy to infer the structure of the magnetic field from observations at high spatial resolution. 相似文献
9.
D. L. Mickey R. C. Canfield B. J. LaBonte K. D. Leka M. F. Waterson H. M. Weber 《Solar physics》1996,168(2):229-250
We describe an instrument we have built and installed at Mees Solar Observatory on Haleakala, Maui, to measure polarization in narrow-band solar images. Observations in Zeemansensitive photospheric lines have been made for nearly all solar active regions since the instrument began operations in 1992. The magnetograph includes a 28-cm aperture telescope, a polarization modulator, a tunable Fabry-Pérot filter, CCD cameras and control electronics. Stokes spectra of a photospheric line are obtained with 7 pm spectral resolution, 1 arc sec spatial resolution over a field 4.7 arc min square, and polarimetric precision of 0.1%. A complete vector magnetogram observation can be made every eight minutes. The flexibility of the instrument encourages diverse observations: besides active region magnetograms we have made, for example, composite vector magnetograms of the full solar disk, and H polarization movies of flaring regions. 相似文献
10.
A grazing incidence X-ray telescope on board the OSO-IV spacecraft obtained images of the Sun in the 2.5 to 12 Å waveband nearly continuously from 27 October 1967 to 12 May 1968. The instrument had sufficient spatial resolution (one and four arc minutes) and temporal resolution (5 to 20 min) to estimate the spatial characteristics of X-ray emitting regions and to monitor the temporal behavior of individual active regions. Variations in the absence of flares of as much as a factor of 10 in the X-ray output of individual regions were observed, with typical durations ranging from several hours to several days. The X-ray time variations are related to observations at optical and radio wavelengths. The results are interpreted under the assumption that the X-ray time variations are caused by temperature changes in the coronal portions of active regions. The contribution of radiative losses to the energy budget of the coronal active region is estimated. 相似文献
11.
We present new observations of O vi 1032 Å line profiles in polar plumes, and inter-plume regions, on the disk and above the limb in the north coronal hole obtained with the SUMER (Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation) instrument on the SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) spacecraft. On 22 May 1996, a 5 x 5 arc min spectroheliogram was scanned above the north polar coronal hole with the entrance slit extending from 1.03 to 1.33 solar radii with 1.5 arc sec spatial resolution and ≈ 0.044 Å per pixel spectral resolution in the wavelength range 1020–1040 Å. Detailed plume structure in O vi 1032 Å can be seen extending beyond 1.3 solar radii, with intensities in the plume regions 10–50% brighter, but line widths 10–15% narrower, than the inter-plume regions. Possible explanations for this observed anti-correlation between line width and intensity in the plume and inter-plume regions are discussed. We conclude that the source of the high-speed solar wind may not be polar plumes, but the inter-plume lanes associated with open magnetic field regions of the chromospheric network. 相似文献
12.
The Mercury transit of 15 November 1999 has been observed from space by the SOHO and TRACE spacecraft. We exploited the data
recorded by EIT/SOHO to determine the stray-light level and the plate-scale of the instrument. The asymmetric distribution
of stray light across the images is confirmed, but the absolute amount was found to be higher than previously estimated. The
plate scale averaged over wavelengths was found to be 2.627±0.001 arc sec pixel−1, in excellent agreement with two previous and independent determinations. 相似文献
13.
Solar Physics - Recent observations of solar active regions made with the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) have revealed finely textured, low-lying extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission,... 相似文献
14.
Lemaire P. Wilhelm K. Curdt W. SchÜle U. Marsch E. Poland A. I. Jordan S. D. Thomas R. J. Hassler D. M. Vial J. C. KÜhne M. Huber M. C. E. Siegmund O. H. W. Gabriel A. Timothy J. G. Grewing M. 《Solar physics》1997,170(1):105-122
SUMER – Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation – is not only an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrometer capable of obtaining detailed spectra in the range from 500 to 1610 Å, but, using the telescope mechanisms, it also provides monochromatic images over the full solar disk and beyond, into the corona, with high spatial resolution. We report on some aspects of the observation programmes that have already led us to a new view of many aspects of the Sun, including quiet Sun, chromospheric and transition region network, coronal hole, polar plume, prominence and active region studies. After an introduction, where we compare the SUMER imaging capabilities to previous experiments in our wavelength range, we describe the results of tests performed in order to characterize and optimize the telescope under operational conditions. We find the spatial resolution to be 1.2 arc sec across the slit and 2 arc sec (2 detector pixels) along the slit. Resolution and sensitivity are adequate to provide details on the structure, physical properties, and evolution of several solar features which we then present. Finally some information is given on the data availability and the data management system. 相似文献
15.
Rapid developments in the techniques of interferometry at millimeter wavelengths now permit the use of telescope arrays similar to the Very Large Array at microwave wavelengths. These new arrays represent improvements of orders of magnitude in the spatial resolution and sensitivity of millimeter observations of the Sun, and will allow us to map the solar chromosphere at high spatial resolution and to study solar radio burst sources at millimeter wavelengths with high spatial and temporal resolution. Here we discuss the emission mechanisms at millimeter wavelengths and the phenomena which we expect will be the focus of such studies. We show that the flare observations study the most energetic electrons produced in solar flares, and can be used to constrain models for electron acceleration. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of millimeter interferometry, and in particular focus on the use of and techniques for arrays of small numbers of telescopes.Paper presented at the 4th CESRA Workshop in Ouranopolis (Greece) 1991. 相似文献
16.
Markus J. Aschwanden 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2008,29(1-2):115-124
The Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) gave us the highest EUV spatial resolution and the Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectrometric Imager (RHESSI) gave us the highest hard X-ray and gammaray spectral resolution to study solar flares. We review a number of recent highlights obtained from both missions that either enhance or challenge our physical understanding of solar flares, such as:
- Multi-thermal Diagnostic of 6.7 and 8.0 keV Fe and Ni lines
- Multi-thermal Conduction Cooling Delays
- Chromospheric Altitude of Hard X-Ray Emission
- Evidence for Dipolar Reconnection Current Sheets
- Footpoint Motion and Reconnection Rate
- Evidence for Tripolar Magnetic Reconnection
- Displaced Electron and Ion Acceleration Sources.
17.
In this paper a procedure to calibrate dopplergrams is presented. This procedure is instrument independent and is based on the main topological characteristics of solar rotation. It is reliable in those regions on the solar disk where the sensitivity can be considered linear in the east-west direction (that is, out to 0.75 solar radius for most instruments) and, in principle, can be applied to all dopplergrams with medium spatial resolution (typically 8 arc sec pixel–1). The aim of this calibration is to correct any variation of the sensitivity to the velocity signal caused by instrumental changes. The procedure is currently applied to data obtained at the Solar Observatory at Kanzelhöhe (Austria) with a sodium magneto-optical filter. The procedure, applied to a one-day run, shows how the low-degree five-min oscillations are recovered from the raw integrated Doppler signal over the whole CCD. 相似文献
18.
Solar irradiation fluxes are determined between 150 and 210 nm from stigmatic spectra of the Sun obtained by means of a rocket-borne spectrograph. Absolute intensities at the disk center with a spectral resolution of 0.04 nm and a spatial resolution of 7 arc sec are presented. From center-to-limb intensity variations determined from the same spectra, mean full disk intensities of the quiet Sun can be deduced. In order to compare them with other measurements, the new solar fluxes have been averaged over a bandpass of 1 nm. 相似文献
19.
Although the field of view of the Normal Incidence Spectrometer (NIS) of the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS) is 4×4 arc min, it is possible to observe the full solar disk by forming a mosaic of images taken in succession. This paper describes just such a study which has been used to collect images of the Sun simultaneously in six wavelengths between 304 Ú and 630 Ú, and with a temperature coverage between 5×104 K and 2.5×106 K. A representative sample of the resulting images is presented. These data can be used to explore the origin of solar EUV variability, and examine large-scale solar features. Another use of these data is to calibrate the pointing of the CDS Offset Pointing System (OPS), by comparing them against the SOHO Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) full-disk images taken at the same time. Many joint observations are made with CDS and other SOHO instruments, and calibration of the pointing is crucial to the co-pointing of the instruments, and to the analyses of these data. Coalignment is done by fitting to a cross-correlation function, using an IDL procedure which can be applied to any CDS/NIS data set. The accuracy of an individual coalignment can be demonstrated to be in the range 1–2 arc sec. The overall accuracy of the OPS calibration is ±5 arc sec, mainly attributable to measurement error in the actuator positions. An onboard Spartan Intermediate Sun Sensor of the Lockheed design, which was intended to provide greater pointing accuracy, exhibits a time-varying calibration, possibly due to a gradual loss of sensitivity. 相似文献
20.
The Siberian Solar Radio Telescope: the current state of the instrument,observations, and data 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Grechnev V.V. Lesovoi S.V. Smolkov G. Ya. Krissinel B.B. Zandanov V.G. Altyntsev A.T. Kardapolova N.N. Sergeev R.Y. Uralov A.M. Maksimov V.P. Lubyshev B.I. 《Solar physics》2003,216(1-2):239-272
The Siberian Solar Radio Telescope (SSRT) is one of the world's largest solar radio heliographs. It commenced operation in
1983, and since then has undergone several upgrades. The operating frequency of the SSRT is 5.7 GHz. Since 1992 the instrument
has had the capability to make one-dimensional scans with a high time resolution of 56 ms and an angular resolution of 15 arc sec.
Making one of these scans now takes 14 ms. In 1996 the capability was added to make full, two-dimensional images of the solar
disk. The SSRT is now capable of obtaining images with an angular resolution of 21 arc sec every 2 min. In this paper we describe
the main features and operation of the instrument, particularly emphasizing issues pertaining to the imaging process and factors
limiting data quality. Some of the data processing and analysis techniques are discussed. We present examples of full-disk
solar images of the quiet Sun, recorded near solar activity minimum, and images of specific structures: plages, coronal bright
points, filaments and prominences, and coronal holes. We also present some observations of dynamic phenomena, such as eruptive
prominences and solar flares, which illustrate the high-time-resolution observations that can be done with this instrument.
We compare SSRT observations at 5.7 GHz, including computed `light curves', both morphologically and quantatively, with observations
made in other spectral domains, such as 17 GHz radio images, Hα filtergrams and magnetograms, extreme-ultraviolet and X-ray
observations, and dynamic radio spectra. 相似文献