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自唐山地区发生7.8级地震以来,古冶—滦县地区一直为唐山地震的余震频发区.该地区断裂和地质构造十分复杂,这些断裂的破碎程度有哪些差异?这是地震学家所关心的问题.本文使用在古冶—滦县地区布设的密集流动地震台网2020年8月—2021年7月近一年的波形记录,采用剪切波分裂原理通过对古冶—滦县地区上地壳各向异性研究来揭示这些问题.得到以下结论：(1)古冶—滦县地区快剪切波平均偏振方向为NE86.2°±27.8°,慢剪切波平均时间延迟为2.37±1.25 ms·km-1.快剪切波偏振第一优势方向为ENE向,与区域背景主压应力方向一致;第二优势方向为NE向,该方向揭示了研究区域断裂主要以NE向为发育的构造意义.(2)唐山断裂带附近台站快剪切波偏振方向均显示出NE向的第二优势方向,与断裂走向一致.断裂附近台站慢剪切波时间延迟较高,各台站时间延迟差异较小,表明区域各向异性程度较强,断裂沿NE向破碎程度较强且破碎均匀.(3)滦县—乐亭断裂和卢龙断裂附近台站快剪切波偏振方向显示出复杂性,表明两条活动断裂的交汇在地壳内部产生了复杂的地壳破裂裂隙结构.断裂附近台站慢剪切波时间延迟较高,... 相似文献
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许多强烈地震都伴生有发光现象,称为地光.国内外大量震例表明,地光形式多样,姿态万千.近年来,在一些强震前后发现有一种可能是因为低空大气受激发光而产生的地光现象.研究其特征和成因,对摸清地震孕育和发展的地球物理变化过程,将是有意义的.1976年7月28日唐山7.8级地震后,当日18时又发生滦县7.1级地震.在震中附近的滦县商家林公社赵各庄大队数百名社员,在中学校长的带领下转移至高百余米凤凰山顶,徹夜未眠,目睹了距离于米之远的发震构造——滦县西断裂附近的近百起地光事件.当天正值农历初一是阴天间小雨,一片漆黑.在多数为耀眼而短瞬即逝的条带状地光中,偶见一种“激发光”.当晚24时左右,在发震构造附近先出现一条闪光,接着在其附近的王家山、凤凰山及其周围的村庄如赵各庄、粟 相似文献
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中国东部城市地区隐伏断裂上断点与最新活动时代关系的初步分析——以邢台、唐山地震区为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
中国东部城市地区大多为较厚第四系松散物覆盖区,许多城市附近发育了具有相当规模的隐伏断裂。在这些第四系较厚覆盖区发育的隐伏断裂的上断点是否代表了断裂的最新活动时代?文中通过对邢台、唐山等发生过强震的中国东部城市附近地区地质、地球物理、地震活动、地形变等资料的综合分析,来讨论这些较厚第四系覆盖区隐伏断裂的上断点与断裂的最新活动年代的关系问题。初步分析表明,作为邢台地震和唐山地震发震断裂的新河断裂和唐山断裂带,并不象其上断点显示的为晚更新世不活动断裂或者为局部活动段,而均为大型活动断裂。由此认为,在中国东部沉积层较厚地区,不能完全根据断裂断错的最新地层确定断裂的最新活动时代。对于一条穿过新沉积较厚地区的断裂,其最新活动时代应根据构造背景、断裂对新地层的控制作用、断错最新地层、新地层沉积厚度、构造地貌、地震活动、地形变、现今构造应力场等综合判定 相似文献
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北西走向的桥头集-东关断裂与郯庐断裂带南段相交切，横跨合肥盆地及其东缘的隆起区，在合肥盆地内呈隐伏状态。本研究跨桥头集-东关断裂合肥盆地段布设3条浅层地震勘探测线，揭示断裂浅部构造特征。解译出的FP1、FP2和FP3断层性质相同，倾向一致，上断点深度相近，反映出桥头集-东关断裂合肥盆地段是一条走向NW、倾向SW、具有逆断分量的断裂。3条浅层地震反射剖面中第四系的底界面反射波组TQ呈连续近水平展布，表明桥头集-东关断裂两侧的第四系厚度无明显变化。在浅震剖面解译的基础上，布设了1条跨断层钻孔联合剖面，剖面揭露出的第四系没有被错动。结合本区第四系地层发育情况及钻孔地层年龄分析，认为桥头集-东关断裂中更新世以来不活动。根据本文探测结果，尚不能排除桥头集-东关断裂早更新世有一定的弱活动。 相似文献
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根据详细的野外调查和剖面测绘成果,结合区域第四系测年结果等资料,对龙蟠—乔后断裂带桃源段新发现的桃源断裂、刀郭断裂、合江村断裂及已知的龙蟠—乔后断裂等4条主要断裂的晚第四纪活动特征进行研究。成果表明,龙蟠—乔后断裂带桃源段在晚第四纪的活动特征明显,活动强度中等,龙蟠—乔后断裂和合江村断裂属全新世活动断裂,桃源断裂和刀郭断裂属晚更新世断裂;晚更新世以来,龙蟠—乔后断裂和刀郭断裂以左旋走滑运动为主,而桃源断裂和合江村断裂则表现为正断走滑为主。这些断裂的活动性都不同程度地影响着研究区及附近区域的地震风险和构造稳定性。新的调查研究成果为深入认识龙蟠—乔后断裂带桃源段的晚第四纪活动性提供了新的资料,并可为深入理解该区的地震地质特征以及工程建设地震安全性评价等提供基础地质资料。 相似文献
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太行山山前断裂位于太行山脉与华北平原过渡地带,是华北及我国东部地区一条重要的构造带,有关该断裂带的活动性有以下观点:1)它属深大断裂带;2)它是活动断裂带和地震构造带;3)它不是地震构造带。。为研究和评价该断裂的活动性,利用最近获得的地震资料和钻探联合剖面研究了太行山山前断裂的深部构造背景和第四系以来的活动特征。钻探验证以及研究结果与表明:太行山山前断裂不是岩石圈深大断裂,该断裂在第四系仅错断了中更新世QP2早期,中更新世QP2晚期和晚更新世地层没有发生错断。由此得出,太行山山前断裂不是活动断裂,也不是岩石圈深大断裂。该研究结果为跨越太行山山前断裂的城市进行规划和建设提供了重要的地质和地球物理资料,对于首都圈地震危险性评价也具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献
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在分析沈阳城区(三环路以内)地貌、第四系、基岩分布及大量钻孔资料的基础上，通过综合地球物理和地球化学探测发现城区存在12条长度大于6km的隐伏断裂；进一步的断层活动性分析表明，12条断裂中有6条为第四纪断裂，其中包括2条中更新世断裂。 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献