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在探讨科技创新与可持续发展相互作用机理的基础上,以中国1995~2014年科技创新与可持续发展的相关数据为依据,运用熵值法、耦合协调度模型和探索性空间数据分析方法,分析科技创新与可持续发展的耦合协调度和时空分异特征。结果表明：① 科技创新和可持续发展的综合发展指数表现出明显正相关关系,在整体发展和分段演化中均表现出较高一致性,耦合协调度呈稳步上升态势,且已进入高度耦合协调阶段。② 科技创新与可持续发展耦合协调度在空间上呈现弱正相关关系,空间集聚程度不显著,且随时间推移空间集聚现象并没有得到增强。③ 从时空演变格局来看,局部空间自相关规律性明显,虽然不同集聚区在时空演变中都表现出一定的扩张和收缩,但在总体空间格局上呈现“东高西低”的发展态势,且东西部的差距在逐渐缩小。 相似文献
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Soil and water conservation technology plays an important role in soil and water loss control and the construction of the ecological civilization in vulnerable areas. Here, soil and water conservation technology use over 70 years for the Zhifanggou watershed is summarized and ecological, economic and social backgrounds are determined through consultation with experts and reference to published literature. We found that soil and water conservation technology use includes soil and water conservation engineering technology, soil and water conservation cultivation technology and soil and water conservation biotechnology. Soil and water conservation technology utilization varied with people’s demands and core problems at different developmental stages of the agricultural eco-economic system. The coupling process of the agricultural eco-economic system at Zhifanggou went through three stages. In stages I and II, soil and water conservation cultivation technology was applied to meet farmers’ basic life demands. In stage III, all three technologies were applied comprehensively to solve eco-environmental problems and adjust industrial structure. To facilitate regional ecological civilization construction and sustainable development of the ecological economy and society, more emphasis should be given to research and development, implementation of soil and water conservation technology, stand structure improvement, forest grass quality enhancement, biodiversity, ecosystem functional improvement, development of soil and water conservation ecological resources, the coupling of soil and water conservation, and agricultural industry-resource optimization. 相似文献
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以广东省首个土地综合整治示范项目——江门市新会区沙仔岛为例,采用生态系统服务价值法（Ecosystem Service Value Method, ESV）,探讨了土地综合整治对研究区生态系统服务价值的影响。结果表明：土地整治前后土地利用类型、结构的调整及生态修复措施的实施,是提升沙仔岛生态系统服务价值的重要因素。土地整治后,沙仔岛总体生态服务价值以及经济生产、土壤保护、消浪护岸、生物多样性及栖息地保护价值均有所提升,提升幅度分别为250%、587%、20.2%和182%,而洪水拦蓄的生态服务价值损失87%;在空间分布上,生态系统服务价值及其增幅呈现出北岛>南岛>堤坝外围区域。土地综合整治将土地整治和生态保护修复相结合,有助于提升生态系统服务功能。 相似文献
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Innovations for conservation and development 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Katrina Brown 《The Geographical journal》2002,168(1):6-17
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基于地形因素的秦巴山区人口-经济空间格局及其影响机制研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
地形是影响区域人口分布和社会经济发展的重要因素,尤其在山地区域其影响和约束作用更加明显。以秦巴山区为例,基于SRTM数据提取高程和地形起伏度,借助多种空间分析和地统计学方法,分多个尺度对人口、经济空间的格局和分异特征进行分析,重点从地形要素定量揭示其与人口、经济空间的相互关系和影响程度。研究表明：① 秦巴山区人口经济空间分异特征明显,Lorenz曲线和基尼系数结果显示,人口分布具有不均衡性,但不均衡程度低于全国水平,Moran's I指数结果说明人口、经济空间具有一定集聚特征,且在像元尺度下集聚程度更明显;②人口、GDP密度呈现外围热、内部冷的空间格局,通过像元尺度的空间要素密度分析发现人口、经济要素在垂直方向上的分异十分明显;③ 样带研究中人口、GDP密度与海拔的变化曲线呈反向相关,人口、经济在小尺度范围对地形有一定的适应性;④ 经济发展对地形条件依赖性更强,人口和村庄对地形的适应性更加明显;地形的垂直分异特征导致自然环境和区域发展条件的空间差异,进而影响着人口、经济的空间分布格局。 相似文献
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This paper examines the evolution and development of institutions involved in the establishment of extractive reserves. It focuses on the different actors, organizations and projects concerned with extractive reserves in Rondônia in western Amazonia, Brazil. Extractive reserves are widely seen as a means of integrating forest conservation and local socio-economic development. As such, they have gained the support of the international environmental movement, multilateral and state development organizations, and grassroots community and producer organizations. These institutions represent a vast array of diverse interests which range from conservation of biodiversity, economic and social cohesion, and regional and national development. Whilst the various actors and institutions claim mutual and complementary interests, they form shifting alliances and coalitions in order to further their interests. This paper maps these institutions and interests and describes how alliances have been formed and broken, and how this has contributed to the currently observed implementation of extractive reserves. The paper argues that extractive reserves are constrained by the dissonance or misfit in discourses and underlying worldviews, reflected by the aims and objectives, of the institutions which promote, oppose and lose and benefit from their implementation. This misfit is overcome, in part, by alliances formed between the different institutions, and in part by the creation of new institutions and projects. 相似文献
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Regionalization of soil and water conservation is a base for the planning of soil and water conservation in China. It can provide scientific basis for constructing healthy eco-environment and regional management and development. It makes a brief review of related regionalization of study and makes clear the concept of regionalization of soil and water conservation. In this paper, based on synthetical analysis of the characteristics of eco-environments of China, the principles, indices and nomenclature of the regionalization of soil and water conservation are proposed. Through the construction of the regionalization of soil and water conservation collaboration platform and data reporting system, combined with existing soil and water conservation research, this paper uses the top-down and bottom-up and the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to build soil and water conservation regionalization preliminary scheme, with 8 regions, 41 sub-regions and 117 sections divided in China. 相似文献
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在工作实践及实地调研的基础上,总结了乌鲁木齐县为保护生态环境,通过生态建设促进经济发展的成功经验。乌鲁木齐县通过挖掘自然和文化资源,实施“两居”工程为主导的生态移民工程,发展高效生态农业和观光农业,以及开展大规模的退耕还林还草工程,促进了生态产业的发展,改善了乌鲁木齐县的生态环境,加快了全县生态文明建设。对于就生态建设促进经济发展的途径,提出要实现经济与生态环境的协调发展,必须以保护生态环境为前提,以规划控制为引导,发挥政府的主导作用,并充分利用当地的资源优势,将生态价值转化为经济发展的动力,实现经济发展和环境保护的双赢。 相似文献
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第四纪江汉-洞庭盆地东部中段构造-沉积地貌类型划分及特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以第四纪构造活动、沉积作用以及现今地势高低和地貌形态特征为主要依据,对江汉-洞庭盆地东部中段及其东缘(1:25万岳阳市幅)进行构造-沉积地貌类型的划分与编图。研究区共厘定出9种构造-沉积地貌类型,各地貌类型的地表高程、第四纪地壳升降特征、风化剥蚀和沉积作用等各具特征。构造-沉积地貌类型的划分及其地貌图的编制,既反映出地表地理环境暨地貌特征,又提供直观表达不同地区第四纪地层、构造特征及其反映的地质与环境演化过程的有效途径,有助于促进和深化江汉-洞庭盆地第四纪地质与环境研究。 相似文献
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县市分等方法及中国县市等第特征的分异规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对行政区进行适当分类管理是提高行政管理效率的重要手段。县市分等是行政区分类管理的重要内容,也是“因地制宜”推进行政区划管理的直接体现,对于提升地方治理能力和治理水平、激发发展活力和释放发展动能具有重要意义。系统梳理中国县市统计数据,综合运用层次分析法、K均值聚类法等提出县市分等方法,并对县市等第特征的分异规律进行分析。结果显示：① 人口规模是影响县市分等的主要因素,其次是面积和地区生产总值,公共财政支出的影响相对较小。各等第县市数量大体呈梯形分布,高等第县市间差异较大,不同等第县市地域分布存在不均衡现象。② 县市分等管理在实践中具有可行性,按照人口、地理、经济、管理难度分等的方法具有合理性。③ 县市分等过程中,可以考虑采取分省份、按比例的方法对县市等第进行划分,对县市差异小、分等使用的单方面指标值较高县市相对集中,以及县市数量少的省份可以给予特殊安排。④ 在推进国家治理现代化背景下,县市分等的现实需求更加凸显,有助于新时期对不同县市分类施策,促进县市间良性竞争与协同发展。 相似文献
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中国土地科技创新体系建设的思考 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
土地科技创新体系既是国土资源开发利用国家科技创新体系的重要组成部分,也是深化土地科学研究、土地管理创新和土地科技进步的重要依托。基于土地科技创新体系内涵及其基本理论的分析,提出了土地科技创新体系框架模式及土地科技创新空间域概念,指出中国土地科技创新体系运行应选择国家调控下的科技市场化创新模式。构建土地科技创新的科学体系、完善土地科技创新的制度体系、理顺土地创新的管理体系和建设土地科技创新的支撑体系,是建设具有中国特色土地科技创新体系的四个中心环节。 相似文献
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M.I. El-Bana 《Journal of Arid Environments》2009,73(9):821-827
Fat sand rats (Psammomys obesus) are strictly herbivorous and live in densely complex burrows in the desert of North Africa and the Middle East. Little is known however about the effect of their foraging and burrowing activities on surface morphology and plant community attributes. This study evaluated such effects by comparing burrow and mound surface morphology, canopy of the main host chenopod shrub Anabasis articulata, vegetation cover, and plant abundance and species richness on and off both active and abandoned colonies in the semi-stabilized sand dunes of the Northern Sinai. In general, active burrow systems were characterized by reduced A. articulata canopy area, and more soil disturbance, with higher and larger burrow mounds dominated by bare ground, dung, and dead and fresh litter. The abandonment of mounds for five years has resulted in significant increases of plant cover, canopy height, abundance and species richness. Vegetation structure and plant species assemblages differed between mound and non-mound patches of both active and abandoned sites. The results suggest that fat sand rats can have significant direct and indirect, short-term and long-term effects on vegetation dynamics and structure through their mound building and foraging. 相似文献
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海岸带土地利用/ 土地覆被变化研究进展 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
海岸带地区作为海洋、陆地和大气相互作用的区域, 其环境具有复杂性和多变性的特点, 海岸带地区土地 利用/土地覆被变化( LUCC) 研究是海陆交互作用( LOICZ) 研究的重要组成部分。介绍了海岸带LUCC 研究的目标、 内容以及海岸带LUCC 研究在全球变化研究中的地位和作用, 综述了国内外海岸带LUCC 研究的进展, 指出目前 在海岸带LUCC 研究中主要存在的问题: 即驱动力模型和机制研究相对欠缺; 对气候、水环境等的影响机理不明 确; 对环境脆弱地区的LUCC 研究甚少等。今后应该加强海岸带地区LUCC 物质通量研究、海岸带地区环境之间的 影响模式以及与海岸带区域可持续发展之间的关系模式研究。 相似文献
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中国冰冻圈文化服务专题区划研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以中国冰冻圈服务综合区划、自然和人文地理区划等理论、方法为基础,综合中国冰冻圈主要组成要素（冰川、冻土、积雪）及其社会文化要素（民族、历史、聚落、旅游文化和行政区划）,采用相似性与差异性、综合性与主导性、等级性与逻辑性和空间连续与行政边界相结合的方法,提出了“文化服务+文化产业+经济开发”导向的中国冰冻圈文化服务专题区划方案。根据空间聚类方法和专家判断,将其划分为青藏高原冰川—冻土—积雪文化区、西北冰川—积雪文化区、东北冻土—积雪文化区、北方积雪文化区和南方积雪文化区5个一级区划大区,依据文化与地域要素异质性原则,再细分为12个二级区划亚类和51个三级区划基本类型。专题区划方案与中国冰冻圈空间分布、中国自然地理综合区划、中国人文地理综合区划等的吻合度较高,体现了冰冻圈组成要素与冰冻圈区域文化要素的依存关系及区域空间异质性规律。本文深化了对中国冰冻圈文化服务及其空间异质性的认知,可为冰冻圈文化保护、传承、发扬,以及不同区域冰冻圈文化、旅游产业的开发及相关产业的运营、管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
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地理学视角的干旱传播概念、特征与影响因素研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从地理学视角理解干旱传播时空维概念内涵,沿着“概念界定—特征量化—过程描述”这条主线全面揭示干旱传播特征、模式与机制及其研究现状,对于深刻理解干旱发展始终全过程中干旱演变过程与驱动因素具有重要的理论意义。论文首先从地理学时空完备性进行干旱传播概念界定;分析干旱传播的时空两维特征并归纳其研究思路与方法;探究干旱传播的主要影响因素;并归纳出基于“特征—过程—机制”的干旱传播研究框架与展望。通过梳理国内外文献并综述表明,干旱传播具有时空维概念与特征,其主要受下垫面因素(水系特征)、气候变化与人类活动(土地利用行为)控制。目前,干旱传播主要集中于干旱传播时间维度上的滞后性特征及传播概率研究,在探索其空间维度特征、演绎干旱传播过程并揭示其驱动机制方面尚有不足。揭示气象干旱、水文干旱、农业干旱至社会经济干旱形成与演变的过程机制和规律是干旱研究的重要内容,是制定高效的御旱抗旱措施的首要前提,从地理学视角揭示干旱传播概念内涵并探究其特征与过程机制应是干旱研究的题中要义。 相似文献
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为了探讨柠条适应极端干旱的生理生态机制,对盆栽柠条停止浇水造成土壤持续干旱直到叶片完全脱落,然后复水。干旱和复水期间,对土壤、叶片和枝条的相对含水量、叶片和枝条中的叶绿素含量以及超微结构进行了测定和观察。结果表明,干旱脱水过程中叶片中的色素含量下降,枝条中类胡萝卜素含量下降。复水4 d后,叶片中色素含量和枝条中类胡萝卜素含量上升并逐步达到正常水平。超微结构研究表明,柠条嫩枝的亚细胞组织中普遍含有叶绿体。正常条件下,无论是枝条还是叶片的亚细胞组织,叶绿体紧贴细胞壁。叶绿体中的类囊体排列整体有序。随着干旱的加剧,叶绿体脱离细胞壁,向细胞中央靠近。严重干旱造成了叶片叶肉细胞和叶绿体结构不可恢复性的破坏,包括外膜和膜片层结构,类囊体膜解体,淀粉粒消失,部分细胞器裂解成碎片。而嫩枝的亚细胞组织和叶绿体都保持完整。因此,柠条通过叶片脱落减少光照面积来适应极端干旱对自身造成的伤害,通过保持枝条中叶绿体的完整性和一部分叶绿素为复水条件下光合作用的快速恢复提供了保证。 相似文献
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从国家重建规划对资源环境承载能力应急评价的应用需求出发,解析重大灾害事件发生后承载能力应急评价难点,初步构建在灾后资源赋存、环境容量、生态安全以及灾害风险多重约束下,资源环境承载能力应急评价的基本范式与技术流程,并提出未来灾后承载能力评价及研究重点。研究表明：针对评价周期短、涉及内容广、决策风险高、不确定性强、数据基础不足等特点与难点,需从地域功能预估与指标体系、单项要素评价与技术准则、综合集成评价与重建分区、人口容量测算与重建模式4个方面实施灾后应急评价。未来,建议从灾后资源环境承载能力评价关键阈值与参数研究,应急评价辅助支撑体系与规划衔接技术研究,灾后承载能力演化特征与弹性机理研究,青藏高原边缘地带及近邻山区等灾害高风险区的重点研究与超前应对,以及灾后应急评价及重建规划的工作协调与应用推广等方面,进一步深化灾后资源环境承载能力研究,提升未来应急评价快速化、规范化、精准化水平,为增强国家和地方政府灾后系统应对能力提供借鉴。 相似文献
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The Beijing Winter Olympics brought a historical miracle to the development of China’s ice and snow tourism. It is both an opportunity and a challenge to reap the extra dividends of the times and to develop China’s ice and snow tourism. By selecting 18 academic papers, this special issue deeply discusses the status quo and the future measures of ice and snow tourism in China from three aspects: ice and snow tourism development and management, the ice and snow tourism experience and its influencing factors, and ice and snow tourism impact assessment. Moreover, one part entitled “Tourism Culture and Ecotourism” has been set up to emphasize those cutting-edge research topics. It is worth mentioning that this issue is in-depth and has profound connotations. First of all, the research area ranges from national to regional to the city-level, including both longitudinal and horizontal research. In additon, the research methods are practical, innovative, and at the frontier of scientific research, and include industrial correlation analysis methods, kernel density, spatial autocorrelation and other geospatial analysis methods, content analysis methods, sentiment analysis methods, structural equation models, Delphi methods, spatial statistics methods, geographic detector method and many others. In general, this special issue combines qualitative research with quantitative research, provides a variety of theoretical perspectives such as perceived value theory, institutional evolution theory, etc., and builds various useful models like the pre-competition evaluation model for ice and snow tourism heritage, the consumption skill-travel radius decision-making influence model under the moderating effect of the ski resort comprehensive leisure environment, the evaluation model of the suitability of glacier tourism resource development, the model of the relationship between tourists’ experience value and loyalty in the context of ice and snow tourism, among others. These studies are expected to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the development of ice and snow tourism in the post-Winter Olympics era, and help ice and snow tourism develop in a sustainable and high-quality direction. 相似文献