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1.
The Devonian reef formation in the Caspian Basin framing is related to two different formations. The Middle Devonian reefs are confined to an autochthonous terrigenous?carbonate sequence of the Eifelian–lower Frasnian interval marked by the appearance of isolated domal reefs. The middle–upper Frasnian reefs are related to the carbonate formation and represented by two types: (i) asymmetric reefs on walls of the deep-water bays opening toward the Caspian microcean-bay; and (ii) solitary, relatively symmetric (in transverse section) reefs within these bays. The reef formation was characterized by prominent cyclic pattern. The framework reef formation ended before the terminal Frasnian, i.e., before the Kellwasser Event, with which the biotic crisis and faunal mass extinction was related. 相似文献
2.
甘肃西成铅锌矿田泥盆纪吉维特-弗拉斯期沉积古地理及控矿意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文在牙形石生物地层对比的基础上.着重讨论吉维特-弗拉斯期的沉积相和沉积古地理。将该期地层红岭山组分为陆棚、开阔台地、局限台地、生物礁和丘、礁前斜坡及泻湖六个相及十二个微相.提出西成地区泥盆纪存在-南北两侧均有镶边礁的小型碳酸盐台地.礁间泻湖区是该区铅锌矿成矿的有利部位.也是今后寻找铅锌矿的重点靶区。 相似文献
3.
A Study of Devonian Reefs from Southern China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
G.FLAJS 《《地质学报》英文版》2000,74(4):727-739
Three Devonian reefs (bioherms) from Yunnan and Guangxi, southern China, are studied in detail. Six microfacies types are differentiated. Colonial rugose corals (Columnaria, Disphyllum and Hexagonaria) at Qujing, tabulate corals (Alveolites) with massive stromatoporoids (Actinostroma and Stromatoporella) and sponges at Panxi, and massive stromatoporoids (Actinostroma, Trupetostroma and Stromatoporella) at Yangshuo belong to the most important reef builders. All the three reefs studied clearly reveal a successive evolution history. They developed on the carbonate banks, shallow carbonate platforms and platform margins in the Late Givetian and terminated in the Frasnian due to sea-level falls related to local uplifts of platforms. This coincides with a eustatic fall of relative sea level at the Frasnian/Famennian transition. 相似文献
4.
自泥盆纪埃姆斯期, 广西受陆内裂陷影响, 形成碳酸盐台地与台沟间列的构造格局.吉维特期开始, 六景及相邻的黎塘一带逐渐形成孤立台地的沉积背景.吉维特期, 六景剖面的民塘组为以竹节石为特色的礁前斜坡生态系, 尽管目前没有出露生物礁, 从礁前角砾岩可以恢复曾经存在的礁生态系.而黎塘一带塘家湾组为以珊瑚、层孔虫、腕足类为主要特色的台地生态系.弗拉斯期, 六景剖面的谷闭组则为少量珊瑚、腕足、层孔虫为特色的局限-半开放台地生态系.黎塘一带的桂林组仍为以珊瑚、层孔虫、腕足类为主要特色的台地生态系.六景、黎塘地区自法门期开始发生生态系突变, 六景剖面的融县组和黎塘一带的东村组发育藻礁丘或藻席为特色的藻生态系.该生态系的突变是F-F生物群集绝灭造成的生物类群突变的结果.生态系的特征也与吉维特-弗拉斯期烃源岩的形成、演化密切相关. 相似文献
5.
Late Frasnian mounds of the Yunghsien Formation, Guilin, South China, developed as part of the Guilin platform, mostly in reef‐flat and platform margin settings. Microbial mounds in platform margin settings at Hantang, about 10 km west of Guilin, contain Frasnian biota, such as Stachyodes and Kuangxiastraea and, thus, occur below the Frasnian‐Famennian mass extinction boundary. Platform margin facies were dominated by microbes, algae and receptaculitids. Massive corals and stromatoporoids are not common and rarely show reef‐building functions as they did in Givetian time. The margin mounds are composed of brachiopod‐receptaculitid cementstone, and a variety of boundstones that contain Rothpletzella, Renalcis, thrombolite and stromatolite. Other microbial communities include Girvanella, Izhella, Ortonella and Wetheredella. Solenoporoid algae are abundant locally. Zebra structures and neptunian dykes are well‐developed at some intervals. Pervasive early cementation played an important role in lithification of the microbial boundstones and rudstones. Frasnian reefs of many regions of the world were constructed by stromatoporoids and corals, although a shift to calcimicrobe‐dominated frameworks occurred before the Famennian. However, the exact ages of many Frasnian margin outcrops are poorly constrained owing to difficulties dating shallow carbonate facies. The Hantang mounds represent a microbe‐dominated reef‐building community with rare skeletal reef builders, consistent with major Late Devonian changes in reef composition, diversity and guild structure occurring before the end of the Frasnian. A similar transition occurred in the Canning Basin of Western Australia, but coeval successions in North America, Western Europe and the northern Urals are either less well‐known or represent different bathymetric settings. The transition in reef‐building style below the Frasnian‐Famennian boundary is documented here in the two best exposed successions on two continents, which may have been global. Set in the larger context of Late Devonian and Mississippian microbial reef‐building, the Hantang mounds help to demonstrate that controls on microbial reef communities differed from those on larger skeletal reef biota. Calcimicrobes replaced stromatoporoids as major reef builders before the Frasnian‐Famennian extinction event, and increasing stromatoporoid diversity towards the end of the Famennian did not result in a resurgence of skeletal reef frameworks. Calcimicrobes dominated margin facies through the Famennian, but declined near the Devonian‐Carboniferous boundary. Stromatolite and thrombolite facies, which occurred behind the mound margin at Hantang, rose to dominate Mississippian shallow‐water reef frameworks with only a minor resurgence of the important Frasnian calcimicrobe Renalcis in the Visean when well‐skeletonized organisms (corals) also became volumetrically significant frame builders again. 相似文献
6.
Carbonate platform evolution: from a bioconstructed platform margin to a sand-shoal system (Devonian, Guilin, South China) 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
ABSTRACT The depositional organization and architecture of the middle–late Devonian Yangdi rimmed carbonate platform margin in the Guilin area of South China were related to oblique, extensional faulting in a strike‐slip setting. The platform margin shows two main stages of construction in the late Givetian to Frasnian, with a bioconstructed margin evolving into a sand‐shoal system. In the late Givetian, the platform margin was rimmed with microbial buildups composed mainly of cyanobacterial colonies (mostly Renalcis and Epiphyton). These grew upwards and produced an aggradational (locally slightly retrogradational) architecture with steep foreslope clinoforms. Three depositional sequences (S3–S5) are recognized in the upper Givetian strata, which are dominated by extensive microbialites. Metre‐scale depositional cyclicity occurs in most facies associations, except in the platform‐margin buildups and upper foreslope facies. In the latest Givetian (at the top of sequence S5), relative platform uplift (± subaerial exposure) and associated rapid basin subsidence (probably a block‐tilting effect) caused large‐scale platform collapse and slope erosion to give local scalloped embayments along the platform margin and the synchronous demise of microbial buildups. Subsequently, sand shoals and banks composed of ooids and peloids and, a little later, stromatoporoid buildups on the palaeohighs, developed along the platform margin, from which abundant loose sediment was transported downslope to form gravity‐flow deposits. Another strong tectonic episode caused further platform collapse in the early Frasnian (at the top of sequence S6), leading to large‐scale breccia release and the death of the stromatoporoid buildups. Siliceous facies (banded cherts and siliceous shales) were then deposited extensively in the basin centre as a result of the influx of hydrothermal fluids. The platform‐margin sand‐shoal/bank system, possibly with gullies on the slope, persisted into the latest Frasnian until the restoration of microbial buildups. Four sequences (S6–S9), characterized by abundant sand‐shoal deposits on the margin and gravity‐flow and hemipelagic deposits on the slope, are distinguished in the Frasnian strata. Smaller‐scale depositional cyclicity is evident in all facies associations across the platform–slope–basin transect. The distinctive depositional architecture and evolution of this Yangdi Platform are interpreted as having been controlled mainly by regional tectonics with contributions from eustasy, environmental factors, oceanographic setting, biotic and sedimentary fabrics. 相似文献
7.
杜远生 《沉积与特提斯地质》1995,(5):55-70
秦岭微板块位于商丹－武山和勉略－巴山弧断裂之间。泥盆纪时期，微板块主体处于稳定的小型克拉通盆地背景。本文仅从西秦岭中带泥盆系入手，探讨该区泥盆系的沉积体系和盆地格局。小型克拉通盆地北带的西汉水小区以古岛屿滨岸－陆棚沉积体系（艾菲尔期）、碳酸盐台地－生物礁沉积体系（吉维特－弗拉斯期）、深水盆地和泥质浊积岩沉积体系（法门期）为特征。南带武都小区则以陆棚碎屑岩（艾菲尔期）和缓坡型台地－陆棚沉积体系（吉维特－法门期）为主，该小型克拉通，泥盆纪时期是一稳定块体，到二叠纪－三叠纪才受中秦岭裂陷槽分隔成两个块体。 相似文献
8.
洪天求 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1995,(1)
德国泥盆纪的层孔虫十分繁盛，不同形态、不同规模的层孔虫礁体广泛发育于台地内部、台地边缘和深海盆地内的火山周日。块状层孔虫是主要的造礁生物，四射珊瑚也参与了造礁，但数量极少。礁区岩相分异明显，盆地相、礁前相、礁核相和礁后泻湖相清晰可辨。部分礁体，如布瑞隆环礁显示清楚的初殖、拓殖、繁殖和衰亡四个演化阶段。层孔虫礁的主要繁盛期为吉维特期－弗拉斯期。德国泥盆纪生物礁的基本特征类似于加拿大同时期的生物礁，但在德国泥盆纪的礁灰岩杂体内至今尚未发现有经济价值的石油和天然气。这可能与莱茵海西地槽复杂的地质发展史有关。 相似文献
9.
The particularly well developed reef-type cyclical sedimentation seen in the Givetian stage of the Dinant synclinorium (Belgium), is discussed in detail with respect to the various facies, their faunal and physicochemical characteristics and their sequence. More recent (Upper Aptian) reef phenomena in the Province of Santander in northern Spain are similar to the Givetian complex (except for their more marked dolomitization) in that they have the same sequence of identical facies and, generally speaking, the same cyclical sedimentation. A comparative study underscores the similarity of environment between the two stages. This environment, during the Upper Aptian, facilitated the deposition of lead-zinc ores at Reocin, which are limited to certain dolomitized reef levels. A close relationship thus emerges between reefs, the process of dolomitization and stratiform ore deposits. 相似文献
10.
龙门山甘溪剖面是我国泥盆系重要典型剖面之一,倍受中外同行关注。本文着重对生态地层、事件地层、层序地层进行研究,为研究全球海平面变化提供区域背景资料。龙门山甘溪剖面含十分丰富的底栖生物化石,从洛赫柯夫阶-弗拉斯阶自下而上可识别出24个腕足动物群落,另外还建立了若干礁复体群落和浮游群落
本文对以上群落的特征、性质、分异度、成分、底栖组合及其与沉积环境的关系作了分析和讨论,并识别了11个海进海退事件(生物的或非生物的)
本区泥盆系是加里东构造旋回后的第一个沉积盖层,属海平面主体上升和海侵同步条件下的旋回超覆地层,由砂质海岸环境向碳酸盐台地环境推进,构成了区内泥盆纪沉积层序序列的组合特征。根据海平面的变化及其相旋回的变迁,划分出6个三级沉积层序。6个沉积层序代表6次海平面的相对升降周期,大致相当于Vail,P.R.(1977)划分的三级地层旋回的海平面变化周期(延续时限1-12Ma),包括4个较大的海平面上升周期与2个较大的海平面下降周期,即洛赫柯夫期、布拉格晚期至埃姆斯早期,吉维中期及弗拉斯早、中期的海平面上升期与艾费尔期中晚期至法门期的海平面下隆期。
上述沉积层序特征和海平面变化,说明区内泥盆纪台缘断陷盆地的形成经历了由陆向海转化和盆地发展演化过程,反映了上扬子地台西缘陆架沉积发展的历史大致可划分为:盆地的雏形阶段(碎屑岩陆架的形成阶段),盆地的发展阶段(碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩混积陆架的形成阶段)和盆地形成与消亡不同性质的三个阶段。它们的形成与演化主要是构造断陷活动和龙门山海水不断向东侵进、古特提斯海北支向东扩展的结果,展示了由滨岸陆架转变为碳酸盐台地,由陆源碎屑充填转化为碳酸盐岩沉积的发展史。 相似文献
本文对以上群落的特征、性质、分异度、成分、底栖组合及其与沉积环境的关系作了分析和讨论,并识别了11个海进海退事件(生物的或非生物的)
本区泥盆系是加里东构造旋回后的第一个沉积盖层,属海平面主体上升和海侵同步条件下的旋回超覆地层,由砂质海岸环境向碳酸盐台地环境推进,构成了区内泥盆纪沉积层序序列的组合特征。根据海平面的变化及其相旋回的变迁,划分出6个三级沉积层序。6个沉积层序代表6次海平面的相对升降周期,大致相当于Vail,P.R.(1977)划分的三级地层旋回的海平面变化周期(延续时限1-12Ma),包括4个较大的海平面上升周期与2个较大的海平面下降周期,即洛赫柯夫期、布拉格晚期至埃姆斯早期,吉维中期及弗拉斯早、中期的海平面上升期与艾费尔期中晚期至法门期的海平面下隆期。
上述沉积层序特征和海平面变化,说明区内泥盆纪台缘断陷盆地的形成经历了由陆向海转化和盆地发展演化过程,反映了上扬子地台西缘陆架沉积发展的历史大致可划分为:盆地的雏形阶段(碎屑岩陆架的形成阶段),盆地的发展阶段(碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩混积陆架的形成阶段)和盆地形成与消亡不同性质的三个阶段。它们的形成与演化主要是构造断陷活动和龙门山海水不断向东侵进、古特提斯海北支向东扩展的结果,展示了由滨岸陆架转变为碳酸盐台地,由陆源碎屑充填转化为碳酸盐岩沉积的发展史。 相似文献
11.
南海南部北康盆地发育大量的生物礁,蕴藏丰富的油气资源。文章基于北康盆地高精度地震数据及钻井数据的研究表明,北康盆地的生物礁成像较好、类型齐全,有点礁、台地边缘礁、块状礁、层状礁、塔礁、环礁共6类型。其发育演化可以分为4个阶段,分别为早中新世的初始发育阶段、中中新世早期的繁盛阶段、中中新世晚期的衰退阶段和晚中新世的淹没阶段。古近纪及早中新世的断裂活动产生了大量的构造高点,为生物礁的初始发育创造了条件,而中中新世以来基底快速沉降导致的相对海平面的快速上升决定了生物礁主要发育于中中新世时期,而晚中新世以来相对海平面持续上升,致使生物礁退积到隆起顶部,从而进入淹没阶段。北康盆地的生物礁数量多、规模大,而且很少受后期成岩作用的二次改造,具备优质储层形成的前提。同时,区域烃源岩、疏导体系、盖层及生物礁的分布等油气地质条件,决定了中部隆起西部和东部隆起东部是北康盆地今后生物礁油气勘探的重点区域。 相似文献
12.
An analysis of the development of Late Devonian reefs in a number of regions worldwide shows that reef formation decreased gradually and discontinuously during the second half of the Frasnian and was completely terminated in some places. These events were associated with regression stages. The final Frasnian regression and Kellwasser event, which led to the biotic crisis, resulted, first, in the quantitative reduction of reef formation in the Famennian and, second, in the change of the frame reef formation by the formation of microbial mud mounds in the Famennian. 相似文献
13.
广西宁明亭亮茅口组生物礁古油藏为十万大山盆地已暴露破坏的礁石油藏之一。亭亮生物礁为大新（崇左）台地边缘发展起来的大型堤礁。礁的主要造架生物为海绵、水螅、苔藓虫及藻类等，其沉积组合具礁基、礁核、礁盖、礁间滩及礁前等亚相。该石油藏的含沥青储层主要位于礁体的上部和顶部，含沥青礁灰岩厚达９８ｍ以上。礁储层次生溶孔的形成与分布主要受控于深埋有机溶蚀作用，同时在空间上还与礁顶部古风化壳和不整合面密切相关。烃源 相似文献
14.
在西澳大利亚坎宁盆地泥盆纪生物礁组合和东澳大利亚昆士兰州密西西比纪生物礁详细调查和研究的基础上, 通过分析晚泥盆世至密西西比纪生物礁组合在古特提斯海4个不同地区的发育形式和演化特征对西澳大利亚坎宁盆地与中国桂林晚泥盆世生物礁组合以及东澳大利亚昆士兰与中国广西和西日本秋吉台密西西比纪的生物礁进行对比.第一次从构造、地层、古纬度和古气候方面来探讨古东特提斯海和北特提斯海晚泥盆世至密西西比纪生物礁的发育异同, 研究成果改进了对西澳大利亚、东澳大利亚、华南和西日本4个地区生物礁发育的认识, 从而可在全球角度上去探讨控制晚古生代生物礁发育的各种因素.研究的地质时段包含重要的生物绝灭事件, 也是温室向冰室的转折时期, 是全球范围造礁生物演替、更新和重新繁盛的阶段.研究成果对认识晚泥盆世至密西西比纪全球范围内造礁生物和生物礁类型与早、中泥盆世的区别, 对研究全球在这一时期古气候和古环境的变化都具有重要的意义. 相似文献
15.
鄂尔多斯盆地西缘奥陶纪生物礁基本特征、分布规律及成礁模式 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
鄂尔多斯盆地西缘奥陶纪发育有生物礁。本文通过对鄂尔多斯盆地西缘野外及钻井岩心生物礁调查及室内鉴定分析,认为在乌海桌子山地区、棋探1井地区、彭阳石节子沟等地发育了较为典型的生物礁,主要造礁生物为珊瑚、层孔虫和海绵。三处生物礁发育特征有差异,北段礁体生长发育2～3期,中段发育2期生长,南段生长发育可达4期;北端及南端生物礁造礁生物个体较大,生长的水体环境相对较浅,而中段生物礁造礁生物个体较小,生长的水体相对较深。这些典型生物礁的生长、发展和消亡呈现了不同的发育特征和时空分布规律,北段生物礁体发育层位早,中、南段发育层位晚,这种分布变化规律与华北板块在早古生代处于赤道附近发生了北漂右旋的旋转漂移规律有关。通过对不同地段生物礁基本特征分析,结合δ13C和δ18O同位素分析结果,认为盆地西缘生物礁成礁模式为中央古隆起西部陆缘海背景下的开阔台地边缘带点礁-滩体组合模式,分布较为局限,认为该地区生物礁死亡原因系海平面快速上升事件导致礁体被淹死所致,也进一步推测生物礁之上存在一次海平面快速上升事件。 相似文献
16.
Recognition of palaeokarst in the oldest exposed Devonian (Givetian ‐ lower Frasnian) platform successions of the Canning Basin reef complexes has eluded investigators for over forty years. The first evidence for palaeokarst, developed on microbial mud‐mounds in a single stratigraphic horizon, is documented and records an episode of exposure during early carbonate platform development. Surface palaeokarst features are scalloped surfaces, solution pits and a pipe, underlain by fenestral limestone with sediment‐filled fossil moulds and vugs. The platform succession has variably developed metre‐scale cycles which are composed predominantly of shallowing‐upward subtidal facies, with some cycles having fenestral peloidal mudstone caps. Changes in facies type and stratigraphic arrangement up the succession define two deepening‐upward units (～70 and 180 m thick), with the palaeokarst surface representing emergence following rapid shallowing at the top of the lower unit. The stratigraphic position of the palaeokarst between these two units suggests it may represent a sequence boundary. This may have been caused by a low‐magnitude eustatic fall or footwall‐uplift event superimposed on a rapidly subsiding basin margin. 相似文献
17.
Devonian Sea-Level Change Rhythms in South China and Coupling Relationships Among the Earth-spheres 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Gong Yiming Faculty of Earth Science China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei Wu Yi Guangxi Institute of Geology Nanning GuangxiDu Yuansheng Feng Qinglai Liu BenpeiChina University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 《《地质学报》英文版》1997,71(4):370-385
Twenty orthosequences and their corresponding sea-level change (SLC) cycles have been recognized in the Devonian overlying the Caledonian unconformity, of which 9, 5.5 and 5.5 occurred in the Lower, Middle and Upper Devonian respectively. They can be grouped into 4 orthosequence sets, in which the maximum flooding surfaces lie in the sulcutus Zone (D12), perbonus Zone (D13), Middle and Upper varcus Zone (D22) and gigas Zone (D21) respectively. Four instant palaeogeographical reconstructions of South China have been made in the Emsian and Givetian. Devonian sea-level change rhythms of South China can be divided into 3 categories: the autorhythmic, the worldwide and regional allorhythmic, and the coupling-rhythmic. They developed respectively in the Famennian, Pragian, Eifelian, Lochkovian, Emsian, Givetian, Frasnian and the F / F (between the Frasnian and Famennian) event. The cause of the worldwide allorhythmic SLC of the Pragian and Eifelian under comparatively dry, warm and tranquil conditions may be 相似文献
18.
沈健伟 《沉积与特提斯地质》1993,(5):27-35
桂林地区中、晚泥盆世的沉积包含了两个主要的环境旋回,从艾菲尔到维特期为一个旋回,从费拉斯到法门早期为另一个旋回。生物事件主要发生在第一个旋回的海侵高峰时期,而生物事件的直接结果则在第二个旋回充分显示出。在吉维特期和费拉斯期曾一度兴旺的许多生物类群(其中以可造礁生物居多)在法门期开始时结束了生命活动。这种环境的变化与全球海平面升降相一致,绝灭事件在当时地处热带的地区显示更为明显。 相似文献
19.
川西上三叠统海绵生物礁的分布及其控制因素 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
四川盆地西部在晚三叠世早期(卡尼期)为被动大陆边缘环境, 沉积岩石单元为马鞍塘组。其中发育硅质海绵生物礁类型为点礁, 分布在马鞍塘组的上部。点礁组合为礁基、 礁核、礁翼、礁盖。现今出露礁体的分布主要沿着龙门山, 呈NE-SW向展布。海绵礁体的分布与造礁生物海绵的自身特点、沉积环境、构造背景、生物组合、洋流等密切相关。本文基于此, 认为生物礁分布在绵竹—江油一带, 分布于大陆斜坡上, 水体相对较深, 呈宽带分布, 礁体大小不一。现今礁体部分暴露于地表, 部分被推覆体或上覆地层覆盖。该生物礁组合具有一定的油气成藏的地质条件, 可以作为石油勘探的靶区。 相似文献
20.
广西南宁地区泥盆纪硅质岩稀土元素地球化学特征及沉积背景 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
广西南宁附近从早泥盆世埃姆斯期到晚泥盆世弗拉期发育了一套黑色层状硅质岩,常夹凝灰岩(或凝灰质硅质岩)或与之互层,在弗拉期晚期硅质岩变为浅黄色。本文对该区埃姆斯期、艾菲尔期、吉维特期到弗拉期硅质岩的稀土元素地球化学特征进行了系统研究,其∑REE平均值分别为:18.59×10-6,12.28×10-6,27.44×10-6和43.07×10-6;页岩标准化后Ce含量在这4个阶段均表现为弱-中等的负异常,Ce/Ce*平均值分别为:0.85,0.72,0.85和0.67;Eu/Eu*为弱的正异常,平均值分别为:1.08,1.21,1.46和1.04;(La/Ce)N值中等,平均值分别为:1.42,1.50,1.35和1.73;(La/Yb)N值变化较大,平均值分别为:1.19,1.06,1.24和0.45。这些结果表明该区硅质岩开始形成于陆内裂谷盆地,受陆源影响较大,在晚泥盆世迅速扩张为比较开阔的海盆环境,陆源影响明显减弱。硅质岩的形成虽受到一定热液活动的影响,但热液活动的影响普遍较弱。 相似文献