共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Kashperyuk P. I. Pupyrev E. I. Lavrusevich A. A. Krasheninnikov V. S. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2023,507(1):S137-S143
Doklady Earth Sciences - A sewage sludge storage facility was built in late 20th and early 21st century to free up land for the construction of a new residential complex Mar’inskii Park. This... 相似文献
2.
In this work, approaches to the age of the so-called “horizon of variegated marls” are considered. Some researchers attributed
this horizon to the Triassic, while others considered it to be of Permian age. The dispute over the age of these deposits
was among the most important in the history of Russian stratigraphy in the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th
century. 相似文献
3.
T. G. Ryashchenko N. N. Ukhova S. I. Shtel’makh N. I. Belyanina P. S. Belyanin 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2011,5(3):238-249
This paper addresses the hypotheses of the formation of the brown loams widely spread in the zone with hummocky relief within
the intermontane Razdol’noe-Khanka Depression. These hypotheses were proposed in the 1970s–1980s. The accumulation of information
on the loess formation in southern East Siberia, as well as obtaining new analytical data on the microtextural, mineralogy,
and major and trace-element composition of the brown loams, and the comparative analysis of these deposits provided for the
formulation of a more substantiated view concerning the place of the brown loams in the group of loess-type rocks. 相似文献
4.
Earthquake catalogues for Romania supply for 11th–15th century earthquakes located in the region of Vrancea records that consist
of a complete set of parameters, including magnitude and depth. Scope of this paper is to verify the reliability and consistency
of these parameters with the informative background as explicitly referenced by the catalogues. After retrieving the original
sources they mention, the set of data appeared to be related almost exclusively to the Russian plain and too poor to be at
the very origin of the parameter assessment. Data for 19th–20th century earthquakes, such as instrumental locations and CMT
solutions, added to the understanding of the macroseismic response of the Russian plain to Vrancea earthquakes. On the one
hand, the investigation and analysis of historical earthquake records for the fourteen events listed by the catalogues in
the 11th–15th centuries has shown that for three earthquakes (1022, 1038, 1258) no primary sources could be traced, and three
more earthquakes (1091, 1170 and 1328) are attested only by scarcely reliable records and had to be classified as doubtful,
and one (1473) is simply a duplication of the 1471 event. On the other hand, the availability of data on recent earthquakes
that may be compared to historical ones in terms of macroseismic effects allowed the authors to agree with the previous catalogue
compilers’ solution with regard to both magnitude and depth of the past earthquakes for which do exist reliable primary historical
records. 相似文献
5.
E. Rojas A. Zepeda M. L. Pérez-Rea J. Leal G. Gallegos 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2011,29(2):193-202
One of the most prevalent relationships for effective stresses on unsaturated soils was proposed by Bishop in the middle of
the last century. However, only recently Bishop’s effective stress equation has been implemented in various constitutive models
for unsaturated soils. These models have the advantage of naturally including the hydro-mechanical coupling that has been
experimentally observed on these materials. Unfortunately, the problem of properly evaluating Bishop’s parameter χ still remains unsolved. This paper presents the results of a solid-porous model used to determine the value of Bishop’s parameter
χ and evaluate the strength of unsaturated soils. These theoretical results are compared with a series of triaxial test performed
on a silty sand subjected to different suctions in wet and dry paths. These comparisons show that the porous model proposed
herein can be used to estimate the strength of unsaturated soils for both the wetting and the drying paths. 相似文献
6.
Himalayan cedar (Cedrus deodara (D. Don) G. Don) due to its long age and wide ecological amplitude in the Himalayan region has strong dendroclimatic potential.
A well replicated ring-width chronology of it, derived from the ensemble of tree-ring samples of two adjacent homogeneous
sites, has been used to reconstruct precipitation for the non-monsoon months (previous year October to concurrent May) back
to AD 1171. This provides the first record of hydrological conditions for the western Himalayan region, India during the whole
of the ‘Little Ice Age’ and latter part of the ‘Medieval Warm Period’. The reconstruction revealed the wettest and the driest
non-monsoon months during the fourteenth and the thirteenth centuries, respectively. The seventeenth century consistently
recorded dry non-monsoon months in the western Himalayan region. Surplus precipitation, especially more pronounced since the
1950s, is recorded in the current century. 相似文献
7.
Pirouz Mojtahed-Zadeh 《GeoJournal》2006,66(4):273-283
Erratum to: GeoJournal 62: 51–58 DOI 10.1007/s10708-005-8562-2 The erroneous version of this article was originally published in GeoJournal 62: 51–58. This amended version corrects the formatting errors which are evident in the original version.Abstract It is universally accepted that the need for defining precise lines of separation and points of contacts between states is the byproduct of the emergence of nation-states and ‘world economy’ in the nineteenth century Europe. Nevertheless, it is hard to overlook the fact that these modern notions are rooted in periods prior to the emergence in Europe of nation-states. There are indications that ancient civilizations were familiar with the notion of ‘state’ in connection with the concepts of territory and boundary. Ancient texts reveal that this basic principle existed in ancient Persian literature in respect of matters of state, territory, and boundary. Similarly, the likelihood exists that these Persian notions could have influenced Roman civilization. It is widely believed that a combination of ancient Greco-Roman and Persian civilizations is a major contributor to what culturally constitutes ‘West’. Later in the Sassanid period the inter-linked notions of state, territory, and boundary developed substantially, coming quite close to their contemporary forms. On the other hand, considering that ‘justice’ was the corner stone of ancient Persian Political philosophy, the idea that ancient␣Iranian spatial arrangement might have contributed to the evolution of the concept of democracy in the West may not be too difficult to contemplate.The online version of the original article can be found at 相似文献
8.
Hance D. Smith 《GeoJournal》1992,26(4):483-487
The basic patterns of economic and political development of the British Isles region in a European context is outlined for
the half century following Columbus’ discovery of America, noting the separate identities of England, Wales, Scotland and
Ireland. The maritime dimension of these developments was based on trade with Europe, developed mainly in England and Scotland;
and upon considerable development of the fisheries. Exploration and colonial expansion did not begin until after 1550 and
continued into the seventeenth century. The historical role of the British Isles in Europe is considered as a sequence of
approximately half-century phases extending from 1500 until the present, in which British maritime supremacy played a role
in the nineteenth century similar to that played by the Spanish Empire in the sixteenth century. 相似文献
9.
The village of Collebrincioni is located right at the center of the most damaged area of the April 6th 2009 L’Aquila earthquake.
It is known from historical data that this site had been heavily affected by the 1461 and 1703 seismic events and for that
reason remained abandoned for a long time; the area has been settled again at the end of the 18th century with the rebuilding
of the present conurbation in a new safer location. After the April 6th 2009 earthquake many evidences of coseismic effects
have been found around the Collebrincioni surroundings, even though the macroseismic intensity calculated in the new settlement
was found to be moderate (6 MCS). The aim of this work is to verify whether the cause of the migration from the old location
can be linked to site effects; for this purpose, several measurements of horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) have
been carried out at various locations to obtain information on amplification phenomena. To allow a quick evaluation of site
seismic response, without requesting any information about stratigraphical and geotechnical properties of the foundation soils,
the Nakamura’s technique was adopted in this paper. Measurements of HV spectral ratio carried out in the area show relevant
differences between the new and the ancient settlements confirming the hypothesis that the abandonment of the old Collebrincioni
settlement can be related to the site effects which have amplified the destructive effects of the earthquakes. 相似文献
10.
The characteristics of the short-period shear wave attenuation field in the lithosphere of the Turanian Plate, West Tien Shan,
Pamir, and Hindu Kush have been studied. The method based on analysis of the logarithm of the ratio between maximal amplitudes
of Sn and Pn waves (Sn/Pn parameter) has been applied. More than 400 records of earthquakes, obtained at distances of ∼400–1000 km from the AAK digital
station, have been processed. It has been found that relatively weak attenuation is observed in the regions of the West Tien
Shan and Pamir. The largest area of strong attenuation is located in the region of the Afghan-Tadjik Depression adjacent to
Hindu Kush. A wide band of low Sn/Pn parameter values, stretched northeastwards, has been distinguished. Along with the analogous band of strong attenuation,
distinguished before in the regions of Central Tien Shan and Dzungaria, it is the continuation of the largest Chaman Fault,
which stretches 850 km along the boundary of the Indian Plate. Source zones of strong earthquakes with M ≥ 7.0 that occurred in the first half of 20th century correspond to relatively weak attenuation. Areas of high attenuation,
where strong seismic events have not occurred for the last 110 years, are outlined. Analogously to other seismoactive regions,
it is supposed that these areas are related to preparation of strong earthquakes. 相似文献
11.
Laura Jones 《GeoJournal》2010,75(4):359-371
Conspiratorial thought has been highly visible in post-September 11th America, manifest through the continued growth of a
public ‘9/11 Truth Movement’ as well as at the state-level, through the Bush administration’s conspiracy rhetoric of Islamic
terrorists intent on infiltrating the US homeland. In this paper, I demonstrate how conspiracy can be understood as a ‘knowledge-producing
discourse’; dialectically engaged across multiple subject positions and through which geopolitical narratives are performatively
produced and contested at interconnected scales of bodies, homes, city streets and national ‘homelands’. Through drawing on,
and challenging, the conceptual and methodological approaches of a burgeoning feminist geopolitics, I ground my analysis in
the embodied performances of ‘patriotic dissent’ by members of the 9/11 Truth Movement in New York City, as well as through
my own situated and ethical engagement with positions of political difference. 相似文献
12.
We have surveyed groundwater samples collected from oil and gas reservoirs in the Biyang Depression of China and quantitatively
analyzed the chemical features of those samples using the proportional coefficients. Three different proportional coefficients,
namely the de-calcium–magnesium, the boron–calcium–magnesium, and the chloration coefficients have been calculated. These
three coefficients reflect the strength of de-calcium–magnesium reaction, the trace elements concentrations, and the degree
of diagenesis of the oil-field water, respectively. The concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions are found to be very
low in the groundwater of the Biyang Depression. The concentration of anion in the oil-field groundwater changes greatly with
the salinity of groundwater in the Biyang Depression. In low salinity oil field, bicarbonate is generally the dominating anion;
but when salinity increases, sulfate gradually replaces bicarbonate to become the dominating anion. However, in high salinity
oil field, chloride is the dominating anion. Bromine, iodine, and boron are found to be relatively rich in oil-field water
of Biyang Depression. The results show that extensive dolomite deposited near the center of the depression was resulted from
de-calcium–magnesium reaction, and the degree of diagenesis of the oil-field water and concentrations of trace elements increase
with buried depth in the reservoir. 相似文献
13.
Haakon Lein 《GeoJournal》2004,61(2):155-162
The furrow irrigation systems of Kilimanjaro were first described by European explorers coming to the area by the end of the
19th century. Although being impressed, the German and later the British colonial powers soon came to see the system as wasteful
and in need of improvement. Despite several attempts to control water use among the ‘natives’ in the highlands, the furrow
system has remained fairly intact and still plays a key role in the local farming systems.
However, the utilisation of available water resources is still a highly controversial political issue and in this paper three
major challenges to traditional water use are discussed: (i) hydropower development, (ii) construction of large-scale irrigation
projects, and (iii) implementation of economic and institutional reforms. All this has led to renewed and intensified conflicts
over the use of water on Kilimanjaro as well as in the Pangani river.
At one level, the situation can be described as a conflict over access to a scarce resource. However, beyond this perception,
the controversies over water are also based on more fundamental ideological conflicts and competing ways of thinking about
both development and water management.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
A. A. Stepashko 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2011,5(1):1-12
The role of the lateral structure of the lithospheric mantle in the seismotectonics and seismicity of the southern part of
the Russian Far East has been investigated. The positions of the epicenters of all the major earthquakes in Sakhalin (M ≥
6.0), as well as in the Amur region and the Primorye zones (M ≥ 5.0), are defined by the boundaries of the Anyui block of
highly ferruginous mantle, which lies at the base of the Sikhote-Alin area. Three cycles of large earthquakes are recognized
in the region: the end of the 19th-beginning of the 20th century, the mid-20th century, and end of the 20th-beginning of the
21st century. In the seismic zone of the Amur region (hereafter, the Amur seismic zone), the epicenters of the large earthquakes
in each cycle migrate from the SW to NE along the Tan-Lu fault megasystem at a rate of 30–60 km/yr. The specific features
of the seismicity of the region are explained by the repeated arrival of strain waves from the west. The waves propagate in
the upper part of the mantle and provoke the activation of the deep structure of the region. The detailed analysis of the
earthquakes in the Sikhote-Alin area (M ≥ 4.0) in 1973–2009 confirmed the clockwise tectonic rotation of the mantle block.
The characteristics of the Primorye zone of deep-focus seismicity at the Russia-China boundary are stated. Since 1973, 13
earthquakes with M ≥ 6.0 have been recorded in the zone at a depth of 300–500 km. This number of earthquakes is at least twice
as many as the number of large deep-focus earthquakes elsewhere in the Sea of Japan-Sea of Okhotsk transition zone. The unique
genesis of the Primorye seismic zone is related to the additional compression in the seismofocal area due to the creeping
of the Anyui mantle block onto the subduction zone during its rotation. The geodynamic implications of the seismotectonic
analysis are examined, and the necessity of division of the Amur plate into three geodynamically independent lithospheric
blocks is substantiated. 相似文献
15.
Kolson Schlosser 《GeoJournal》2007,69(3):199-210
This paper is a discourse analysis of classic US geopolitical texts which appropriate metaphors of the body to describe the
state and its defense. While critical political geographers have demonstrated the role of naturalist epistemologies in classic
geopolitics, I contribute to critical geopolitics literature by further examining the discursive economy of naturalism within
which US geopolitical discourse is embedded. More specifically, I employ the concept of intertextuality, as theorized by Julia
Kristeva and Roland Barthes in the 1960s, as a key analytical tool. In doing so, I argue that invocations of the ‘body politic’
in 20th century geopolitical texts are a version of bio-politics informed by a proliferating bio-medical discourse over a
similar time period. I furthermore argue that such metaphors serve to naturalize territorialized national identities and create
a spatial abstraction of a nationalized self in opposition to foreign ‘others,’ a discursive strategy used frequently to justify
militaristic state policies. This paper, then, also adds to literature on militarism and the environment by further analyzing
the discursive construction of the state in relation to an essentialized, abstracted nature.
相似文献
| Kolson SchlosserEmail: |
16.
Prognostic characteristics of tsunamis in the East (Japan) Sea based on numerical simulations are investigated by using linear
long wave theory. Due to the lack of observed data, the concept of the synthetic catalogue is applied to generate possible
tsunami scenarios. It includes four real events that occurred in the East (Japan) Sea during the 20th century, 24 hypothetical
tsunamigenic earthquakes located in the gap zones of the seismic map, and 76 idealized model ‘hydrodynamic’ sources covering
the eastern part of the East (Japan) Sea uniformly. The tsunami wave height distributions along the East (Japan) Sea coastline
due to these hypothetical events are computed. From the geographical distributions of tsunami wave height for all possible
events, it is found that there exist several coastal locations where the tsunami risk is relatively lower than in other zones.
The relation between the maximal value of the tsunami height and its average value is analyzed. It is found that the maximal
tsunami height does not exceed the mean wave height times a constant. The uniform bounded curve for all areas can be obtained
if the mean wave height is replaced by the modified mean wave height (1/3 of largest waves). The problem of quantitative definition
of the prognostic tsunami wave height for each location based on the data from the synthetic catalogue is discussed. The results
of tsunami wave height analysis based on the synthetic catalogue can be used as a tool for coastal disaster mitigation planning. 相似文献
17.
This study is part of the hazards mitigation education program “research on teaching resources development and curriculum
promotion on natural hazards mitigation at high school level.” This study demonstrated the implementation of a newly developed
earth science curriculum module of typhoon hazards mitigation in a 10th grade high school classroom in Taiwan. The curriculum
module design is a response to the calls for better natural hazards mitigation education in the school systems in Taiwan.
Findings show that the curriculum module has resulted in the positive learning outcomes in both students’ learning achievement
and attitude toward typhoon hazards mitigation. Findings also suggest that group discussion activities could enhance students’
thinking and experience sharing on the perceptions about typhoon hazards preparedness and mitigation. This study suggests
that the hazards mitigation curriculum module to be added as a topic in the national high school curriculum guidelines. 相似文献
18.
Francisco Javier Monclús 《GeoJournal》2000,51(1-2):57-63
Planning strategies in Barcelona are linked to its capital city aspirations. Like other European cities, capitals and non-capitals, Barcelona throughout the course of the 20th century has drawn upon a number of different planning strategies, directed towards reinforcing its prestige at both a national and international level. During this period Barcelona has sought to become Spain's second capital, the cultural capital, the industrial capital, capital of Catalonia, capital of the West Mediterranean, etc. Always in competition with Madrid, the aspirations of capital status ranking have been ambiguous. The dream of the great monumental Barcelona of the start of the century tried to emulate the European capital cities (especially Paris). By contrast more recent strategies emphasise the new role that Barcelona can play within a south-west European macro-region. The subject raised in this paper then is two-fold. On the one hand the continuity or not in the capital aspiration starting from the recuperation of Catalonia's autonomy, with its corresponding urbanistic and architectonic connotations. On the other hand the originality and analogies between strategies carried out in Barcelona, in relation to other European cities, capitals and non-capitals. 相似文献
19.
T. N. Narasimhan 《Journal of Earth System Science》1999,108(3):117-148
The equation describing the conduction of heat in solids has, over the past two centuries, proved to be a powerful tool for
analyzing the dynamic motion of heat as well as for solving an enormous array of diffusion-type problems in physical sciences,
biological sciences, earth sciences, and social sciences. This equation was formulated at the beginning of the nineteenth
century by one of the most gifted scholars of modern science, Joseph Fourier of France. A study of the historical context
in which Fourier made his remarkable contribution and the subsequent impact his work has had on the development of modern
science is as fascinating as it is educational. This paper is an attempt to present a picture of how certain ideas initially
led to Fourier’s development of the heat equation and how, subsequently, Fourier’s work directly influenced and inspired others
to use the heat diffusion model to describe other dynamic physical systems. Conversely, others concerned with the study of
random processes found that the equations governing such random processes reduced, in the limit, to Fourier’s equation of
heat diffusion. In the process of developing the flow of ideas, the paper also presents, to the extent possible, an account
of the history and personalities involved.
Reprinted by permission from theAmerican Geophysical Union, @ 1999. Originally published inReviews of Geophysics as “Fourier’s Heat Conduction Equation: History, Influence and Connections,” Vol. 37, issue 1, pages 151–172, February 1999.
Appended here are eight figures of historical importance. 相似文献
20.
Climate: Is the past the key to the future? 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The climate of the Holocene is not well suited to be the baseline for the climate of the planet. It is an interglacial, a
state typical of only 10% of the past few million years. It is a time of relative sea-level stability after a rapid 130-m
rise from the lowstand during the last glacial maximum. Physical geologic processes are operating at unusual rates and much
of the geochemical system is not in a steady state. During most of the Phanerozoic there have been no continental ice sheets
on the earth, and the planet’s meridional temperature gradient has been much less than it is presently. Major factors influencing
climate are insolation, greenhouse gases, paleogeography, and vegetation; the first two are discussed in this paper. Changes
in the earth’s orbital parameters affect the amount of radiation received from the sun at different latitudes over the course
of the year. During the last climate cycle, the waxing and waning of the northern hemisphere continental ice sheets closely
followed the changes in summer insolation at the latitude of the northern hemisphere polar circle. The overall intensity of
insolation in the northern hemisphere is governed by the precession of the earth’s axis of rotation, and the precession and
ellipticity of the earth’s orbit. At the polar circle a meridional minimum of summer insolation becomes alternately more and
less pronounced as the obliquity of the earth’s axis of rotation changes. Feedback processes amplify the insolation signal.
Greenhouse gases (H2O, CO2, CH4, CFCs) modulate the insolation-driven climate. The atmospheric content of CO2 during the last glacial maximum was approximately 30% less than during the present interglacial. A variety of possible causes
for this change have been postulated. The present burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and cement manufacture since the
beginning of the industrial revolution have added CO2 to the atmosphere when its content due to glacial-interglacial variation was already at a maximum. Anthropogenic activity
has increased the CO2 content of the atmosphere to 130% of its previous Holocene level, probably higher than at any time during the past few million
years. During the Late Cretaceous the atmospheric CO2 content was probably about four times that of the present, the level to which it may rise at the end of the next century.
The results of a Campanian (80 Ma) climate simulation suggest that the positive feedback between CO2 and another important greenhouse gas, H2O, raised the earth’s temperature to a level where latent heat transport became much more significant than it is presently,
and operated efficiently at all latitudes. Atmospheric high- and low-pressure systems were as much the result of variations
in the vapor content of the air as of temperature differences. In our present state of knowledge, future climate change is
unpredictable because by adding CO2 to the atmosphere we are forcing the climate toward a “greenhouse” mode when it is accustomed to moving between the glacial–interglacial
“icehouse” states that reflect the waxing and waning of ice sheets. At the same time we are replacing freely transpiring C3
plants with water-conserving C4 plants, producing a global vegetation complex that has no past analog. The past climates of
the earth cannot be used as a direct guide to what may occur in the future. To understand what may happen in the future we
must learn about the first principles of physics and chemistry related to the earth’s system. The fundamental mechanisms of
the climate system are best explored in simulations of the earth’s ancient extreme climates.
Received: 7 November 1996/Accepted: 23 January 1997 相似文献