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1.
通过投喂添加β-胡萝卜素质量比分别为50,100 mg/kg的实验饲料,饲养中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)60 d,探讨了对中华绒螯蟹卵巢发育及免疫学指标的影响。结果表明,β-胡萝卜素能够明显增加中华绒螯蟹的质量,提高养殖成活率;极显著提高中华绒螯蟹血细胞吞噬百分率(P<0.01);显著或极显著降低血清超氧化物歧化酶活力(P<0.05或P<0.01);极显著增加卵巢中总类胡萝卜素的含量(P<0.01);显著增加肝胰腺中总类胡萝卜素的含量(P<0.05);较明显增加中华绒螯蟹卵巢指数和卵母细胞直径,但对于肝胰腺指数、卵巢和肝胰腺蛋白质影响较小。 相似文献
2.
在以鱼粉、豆粕、玉米粉和麦麸为主要原料配制而成的每kg基础饲料中分别添加VE0、100、200、400、600mg配制成五种试验饲料,对均重为(37.52±2.19)g的中华绒螯蟹进行为期60天的饲养试验,以酚氧化酶(PO)、抗菌力(Ua)、溶菌酶活性(UL)等指标为依据,探讨VE对中华绒螯蟹非特异性免疫的影响。结果表明,VE对中华绒螯蟹各组织、器官中PO、Ua、UL等活性有显著或极显著的影响(P<0.05或P<0.01),在适宜范围内,随着VE添加量的增加,PO、Ua和UL活性显著增强,从而增强中华绒螯蟹的非特异性免疫力。综上所述,VE作为免疫刺激剂能有效地增强中华绒螯蟹的非特异性免疫能力,增强中华绒螯蟹免疫功能的VE适宜添加量为200—400mg/kg饲料。 相似文献
3.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(8)
为研究在刺参养殖水体中施用不同浓度的过碳酰胺对刺参生长及底质环境的影响。本实验设置了0(空白对照)、0.50、0.75、1.5、3.0和6.0mg/L的6个过碳酰胺浓度梯度;测定了刺参特定生长率和6项底泥理化指标。研究显示:0.75mg/L组刺参特定生长率最高,显著高于对照组(P0.05);0.75 mg/L组氧化还原电位最高,显著高于对照组(P0.05);营养盐方面,NO-3-N含量在0.75mg/L组达到最大值,显著高于对照组(P0.05);NH+4-N、NO-2-N含量均在为0.75mg/L组达到最小值,显著低于对照组(P0.05),6.0mg/L组的NH+4-N和TN含量最高,显著高于对照组(P0.05)。研究结果表明:过碳酰胺可以有效改善刺参养殖池塘底质环境,促进刺参的生长,施用0.75mg/L的过碳酰胺效果最佳。 相似文献
4.
无机氮浓度及其配比对细基江蓠繁枝变型生长及生化组成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在实验室条件下分别研究了NO3--N和NH4 -N浓度及其配比对细基江蓠繁枝变型(Gracilariatenuistipitatavar.liuiZhangetXia)生长及生化组成的影响。结果表明,过低的NO3--N浓度(0,10μmol/L)或过高的NO3--N浓度(60,80μmol/L)、过低的NH4 -N浓度(0,2.5μmol/L)或过高的NH4 -N浓度(10,20,40μmol/L)、过低的NH4 -N/NO3--N比值(1/35,1/7)或过高的NH4 -N/NO3--N比值(3/7,4/7)条件下,江蓠均表现为生长速率明显减慢(P<0.05)、藻体内藻红素(PE)、叶绿素a、蛋白质含量显著降低(P<0.05);而分别在NO3--N20μmol/L、NH4 -N5μmol/L、NH4 -N/NO3--N2/7(TIN20mol/L)的条件下,江蓠可获得最快生长速率和最高的PE、叶绿素a、蛋白质含量以及最低的碳水化合物/蛋白质比值。 相似文献
5.
本文旨在探讨肌肉注射不同浓度的紫锥菊提取物对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)的非特异性免疫功能的影响,试验选取体重(250±20)g的大菱鲆作为试验动物,分别注射10、20、40mg/m L浓度的紫锥菊提取物,试验共进行28d,每隔7d采集血液测试非特异性免疫指标,第28天用迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)攻毒,连续观察7d,测定其免疫保护率。结果显示肌肉注射紫锥菊提取物对大菱鲆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和溶菌酶活力(LSZ)的影响极显著(P0.01);对吞噬细胞吞噬率(PP)的影响显著(0.01P0.05),对吞噬细胞呼吸爆发活力的影响极显著(P0.01)。攻毒试验表明,紫锥菊提取物能够降低迟缓爱德华氏菌攻毒后鱼的死亡率,提高其免疫保护率,尤其是40mg/m L组。本试验研究表明,紫锥菊提取物能显著的提高大菱鲆的非特异性免疫功能,且以注射浓度40mg/m L的效果最好。 相似文献
6.
采用膜片钳技术解析了中华绒螯蟹血淋巴细胞表达的大电导钙激活钾通道(BKca),研究了中华绒螯蟹BKca对血淋巴细胞吞噬和杀菌作用的影响,并探讨了其机制.结果表明,当Ca2+浓度在0.3-3.0μmol/L范围时,中华绒螯蟹血淋巴细胞表达的钙激活钾通道的开放表现出明显的钙依赖活性;培养液中游离Ca2+的添加显著增强了血淋巴细胞的杀菌能力和呼吸爆发活性,但对其吞噬率和吞噬指数的影响不显著;在6mmol/L[Ca2+]浓度条件下,加入不同浓度的Kca阻断剂四乙胺(Tetraethylammonium,TEA)后,血淋巴细胞的杀菌能力和呼吸爆发活性均显著降低,但其吞噬率和吞噬指数并未受到影响.这提示钙激活钾通道可能通过间接调节细胞内的钙离子浓度而在血淋巴细胞杀菌过程中发挥重要作用. 相似文献
7.
2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸对细基江蓠孢子生长和存活的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以细基江蓠(Gracilaria tenuistipitata)的果孢子和四分孢子为实验材料,用不同浓度的(0,0.1,0.5,1,2,4,6 mg/L)生长激素2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)处理刚刚放散的孢子和附着2d孢子,研究其对果孢子和四分孢子附着和生长及存活的影响。与对照组相比,2,4-D使两种孢子的附着量明显降低;2.0~4.0mg/L的2,4-D可以极显著的促进孢子的生长(P<0.01);0.1~2.0mg/L的2,4-D提高孢子的存活率(P<0.01);6.0mg/L的2,4-D使得孢子的生长和存活率降低。综合以上指标,在细基江篱采孢子育苗时,孢子附着2~3d后用2,4-D处理孢子萌发体,以1.0~2.0mg/L为宜。 相似文献
8.
镉和苯并芘胁迫对文蛤血细胞功能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用流式细胞仪技术,通过检测血细胞的吞噬活力、活性氧产物和死亡率,研究了Cd2+和苯并芘(Bap)胁迫7d对文蛤血细胞功能的影响。结果表明,10μg/L和100μg/LCd2+胁迫会显著降低血细胞的吞噬活力,增加血细胞的死亡率,100μg/LCd2+会显著增加血细胞活性氧产物。5μg/L和50μg/LBap胁迫会显著降低文蛤血细胞的吞噬活力,增加血细胞的死亡率,50μg/LBap会显著增加血细胞活性氧产物。可见,Cd2+和苯并芘胁迫会显著降低文蛤血细胞的功能,导致文蛤免疫力下降,增大文蛤被病害感染的机率。 相似文献
9.
本文研究了凡纳滨对虾在低溶解氧条件下酚氧化酶原系统的激活机制。结果表明:低溶氧(1.5mg/L,3.0mg/L)胁迫对凡纳滨对虾血淋巴中多巴胺含量、血细胞数量、酚氧化酶原激活系统相关酶活力、血淋巴中类α2-巨球蛋白活力影响显著(P<0.05),且各指标表现出明显的时间效应性。在实验时间内,DO为3.0mg/L处理组,总血细胞、小颗粒细胞和透明细胞数量均在12h内降低而后趋于稳定,大颗粒细胞数量在24h内降低后保持稳定,DO为1.5mg/L处理组,总血细胞数量和三类血细胞数量均在24h内降低而后趋于稳定;DO为3.0mg/L和1.5mg/L处理组凡纳滨对虾血淋巴中多巴胺含量分别在24h、12h内呈峰值变化,至12h、6h时达到最大值,在24h、12h后恢复至对照组水平并趋于稳定;血细胞中酚氧化酶原活力分别在12h、6h时显著降低,且均在24h时趋于稳定;丝氨酸蛋白酶活力在6h时均显著降低,在24h时达到最低值,而后趋于稳定,蛋白酶抑制剂活力显著降低,但类α2-巨球蛋白活力48h内呈峰值变化,与对照组比较均显著升高,48h后趋于稳定。实验期内对照组DO为5.5mg/L各指标变化不显著。 相似文献
10.
混合氮源对扁藻与金藻共培养和单种培养生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用均匀设计,研究了硝酸钠(NO3-N)、尿素(NH2-N)和硫酸铵(NH4-N)3种氮源对亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)与球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)共培养和单种培养生长的影响。结果表明,不同氮源对扁藻与金藻在不同培养方式下的生长均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。共培养时,硝酸钠质量浓度对扁藻和金藻的总细胞密度(Yt)和最终细胞密度的体积比(Yr)没有影响,尿素质量浓度对Yt有正调节作用,而硫酸铵质量浓度对Yt有负调节作用、对Yr有正调节作用。当培养液中NH2-N质量浓度为21.01 mg/L,扁藻和金藻接种体积比(Xv)为14.15时,Yt最大(1 508.9×104个/mL);当NH4-N质量浓度、Xv分别为21.00 mg/L和14.15时,Yr最大,为87.46。单种培养金藻时,硝酸钠略优于尿素,2种氮源对其生长均有正调节作用,而硫酸铵起负调节作用。当培养液中加21.01 mg/L的NO3-N和NH2-N时,金藻的细胞密度达到最大值(862.6×104个/mL);不同氮源对扁藻生长的调节作用与金藻相反,当扁藻接种密度为4.6×104个/mL,培养液中NH4-N质量浓度为21.00mg/L时,扁藻细胞密度达到102.2×104个/mL,其值最大。 相似文献
11.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
12.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
13.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
14.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
15.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
16.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献