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《地震研究》2016,(2)
芦山7.0级地震和康定6.3级地震是近两年来在龙门山断裂带和鲜水河断裂带上发生的最为显著的两次地震事件,都发生在巴颜喀拉地块与四川盆地的挤压构造带边缘。利用芦山科学考察项目和中国地球物理场观测——青藏高原东缘地区项目中获得的水准资料,研究芦山地震震前、震中和震后垂直形变演化和康定地震震前垂直形变特征。结果表明:芦山地震前龙门山断裂带南段的小金相对于芦山地区上升速率约为1.7 mm/a,同震垂直变形可以达到197.7 mm,变形最大区域分布在芦山灌县—安县断裂附近;芦山地震后鲜水河断裂带色拉哈段两侧垂直形变迅速增加至13 mm/a,之后发生康定地震。1982年以来,鲜水河断裂带和龙门山断裂带Y字型交汇区域保持着4.5 mm/a的快速隆升,同时在都江堰和大邑一带存在一条垂直形变高梯度带。 相似文献
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盐关河北东东向活断裂晚更新世以来活动性很强,长期保持着左错构造运动,水平幅度大,平均左行滑动速率为5mm/a。80km地震破裂形变带的分布是其最新活动的地质标志,断错微地貌构造特征显著。活断裂带上古地震遗迹的发掘也印证了全新世以来该断裂经历了多次强地震活动。全新世早期是盐关河断裂活动的全盛期,强震活动属分散结点发震类型。盐关河断裂的破裂发展受现今构造应力场N50°～60°E主压应力方向的控制,与1654年罗家堡8级地震有成因关系。研究认为:交叉破裂为发震机制;稠泥河北北西向与盐关河北东东向活断裂交叉复合为发震构造的背景;北北西向喇糜隆起带为控震构造。 相似文献
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沂沭断裂带地壳结构特征 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
本文利用1986年在鲁南地区开展深地震测深所获资料,反演了沂沭带南段的地壳速度结构和地壳层构造。结果发现:(1)沿沂沭断裂带的地壳低速层是不连续的,在相当于1668年8(1/2)级地震的发震段(河阳—郯城)的中、下地壳内都有低速层,在该段南、北分别缺失下地壳与中地壳的低速展;(2)沂沭断裂带深部存在四条超壳断裂,西侧二条深断裂东倾,东侧二条深断裂直立,形成上宽下窄斗形超壳断裂带;(3)沂沭带地壳的破裂程度明显存在由北向南逐渐减弱的现象;(4)沂沭带莫霍面为向下拗曲带,其两侧地壳层形变程度具有西强东弱、下强上弱和由郯城向南、向北减弱的特征;(5)郯城附近,沂沭带东地堑浅层断裂相对于深部断裂向西位错约6公里。 相似文献
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本文讨论了与1830年磁县7.5级地震有关的下列问题:1、区域构造环境,指出太行山山前断裂带南部被隐伏的北西西向构造带阻隔,形成应力集中区,构成磁县7.5级地震的区域构造条件;2、根据地质构造、震源机制、地壳应力测量资料,讨论了华北平原地区的北东东(近东西)向挤压应力场;3、介绍了朝城—大名—磁县—涉县隐伏断裂的地质构造和地震活动特征;4、磁县7.5级地震的前震活动,发震一年之前5个5级地震形成包围圈;5、磁县7.5级地震的极震区等震线为北西西向,与同向隐伏断裂的展布相吻合. 相似文献
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澜沧、耿马地震序列图象与发震构造讨论 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文分析了1988年11月6日云南澜沧、耿马地震序列的震中分布及迁移图象,发现其地震序列中主震及余震明显地沿北北西向分布。7.2级地震所形成的形变带沿北北西向旱母坝断层分布,表明该断层即为此次地震的发震构造。7.6级地震时,沿北西向木嘎断裂和北北西向澜沧—勐海断裂均形成明显的地震形变带,表明其发震构造较复杂。主震后的强余震活动与北东向断裂有密切关系。本文认为澜沧、耿马地震序列具有复杂的发震构造和破裂图象。 相似文献
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公元1725年康定7~1/2级地震,至今其震中及发震构造尚未定论。通过历史地震记载资料以及发震地区地震与地震形变带的对比分析,认为这次地震归属鲜水河断裂带无疑,而且应是该断裂带南段色拉哈分支断裂上的地震,震中在龙启马沟—色拉哈一带,称之为色拉哈地震。同时认为,这一发震段现今为一明显的大震空段,仍潜存着大震发生的危险。 相似文献
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芦山与汶川地震震区地壳上地幔结构及深部孕震环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
雅安芦山Mw6.6级地震,是汶川7.9级地震之后龙门山地区的又一次强震,给当地的社会经济发展和生态环境带来了巨大的破坏.本文借助全国地震台网连续波形数据,使用背景噪声层析成像方法和远震接收函数分析方法,获得了震区及其周边地区精细的S波速度结构和地壳厚度、泊松比分布情况,进而分析了龙门山断裂带及邻区深部孕震环境.研究结果发现:(1)龙门山断裂带两侧剪切波速度和地壳厚度有非常显著的差异;(2)芦山和汶川地震均位于地壳厚度和波速结构变化剧烈之处,断层的破裂面和余震的分布均处于地震波横向速度梯度和地壳厚度的横向梯度跳变的地区;地震深度处于从均匀波速结构向非均匀波速结构过渡区域;(3)汶川地震及其余震发生在泊松比较低的地区,而芦山地震及其余震发生在高泊松比的地区.我们推测,横向的显著速度变化,以及地壳厚度和地形高度的巨大差异所产生的重力势能等作用可能在一定程度上构造成了龙门山断裂系上大地震的孕震环境,而龙门山断裂带南北段岩石泊松比的差别,可能是导致汶川地震余震空间分布和芦山地震延后5年发生的原因. 相似文献
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2008年11月10日青海省大柴旦地区发生6.3级地震,打破了青海省境内55个月的6级地震平静,该次地震可能是对2008年5月12 日汶川8.0级地震在青藏块体内部应力调整的响应.通过该次地震及其发震断裂周缘地震震源机制解的分析认为,本次地震发震断裂活动性主要以逆冲为主并兼有走滑特性.对本次地震的发震断裂大柴旦-宗务隆山断裂带开挖探槽,探槽剖面揭露该断裂带在晚更新世-全新世早期有过明显活动;断裂带周缘历史地震的分布特征表明断裂带新的活动明显向南迁移;这与野外调查结果断层活动不断向山前迁移相一致.根据对青藏块体内部地震活动性分析认为,青藏高原内部中强震活动有顺时针螺旋迁移的特征,这一活动特征与GPS观测的青藏块体内部应力顺时针调整相一致,这一特征可能代表了青藏块体内部地震活动的一种新规律.基于对这种规律的认识和祁连地震带的大震构造孕育条件,祁连地震带东南部地区应倍受关注. 相似文献
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澜沧—耿马地震发震构造初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文根据澜沧—耿马地震形变带、极震区及余震序列分布特征,分析了7.6和7.2级地震的发震构造,认为北北西向旱母坝断层是7.2级地震的发震构造,7.6级地震的发震构造不是一条单一的断层,北西向木嘎断裂和北北西向澜沧—勐海断裂均有明显破裂表现,这一特点与震区复杂的地质构造背景有密切联系。 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献