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1.
Data on the composition of the absorbed complex of riverine solid substances and its transformation in marine environments obtained from field observations and experimental investigations are systematized and generalized. Average values of the specific surface of the riverine suspended particulates (~20 m2/g) and the total exchange capacity of solid substances of the continental runoff (~28 mg-equiv/100 g or 280 g-equiv/t of the transported terrigenous material) are determined. It is shown that the composition of the absorbed complex in the riverine suspended particulates, as well as bottom sediments of rivers and inland water bodies differs principally from that of bottom sediments in oceans and seas: Ca dominates in the first case; Na, in the second case. When the riverine terrigenous material enters oceans and seas, the composition of the absorbed complex is subjected to the ion-exchange transformation reflected in the replacement of exchange Ca (~80%) mainly by Na and also by K and Mg of seawater. This process is responsible for the influx of 45.5 Mt/yr of dissolved Ca to ocean and the removal of 37.3, 12.8, and 3.9 Mt/yr of Na, K, and Mg, respectively. The relative transport of Ca, Na, K, and Mg to ocean with the river runoff is +7.5,–12.3,–22.4, and–2.6%, respectively. 相似文献
2.
R. M. Chambers J. W. Fourqurean J. T. Hollibaugh S. M. Vink 《Estuaries and Coasts》1995,18(3):518-526
Allochthonous inputs of suspended particulate matter from freshwater environments to estuaries influence nutrient cycling and ecosystem metabolism. Contributions of different biogeochemical reactions to phosphorus dynamics in Tomales Bay, California, were determined by measuring dissolved inorganic phosphorus exchange between water and suspended particulate matter in response to changes in salinity, pH, and sediment redox. In serum bottle incubations of suspended particulate matter collected from the major tributary to the bay, dissolved inorganic phosphorus release increased with salinity during the initial 8 h; between 1–3 d, however, rates of release were similar among treatments of 0 psu, 16 psu, 24 psu, and 32 psu. Release was variable over the pH range 4–8.5, but dissolved inorganic phosphorus releases from sediments incubated for 24 h at the pH of fresh water (7.3) and seawater (8.1) were similarly small. Under oxidizing conditions, dissolved inorganic phosphorus release was small or dissolved inorganic phosphorus was taken up by particulate matter with total P content <50 μmoles P g?1; release was greater from suspended particulate matter with total phosphorus content >50 μmoles P g?1. In contrast, under reducing conditions maintained by addition of free sulfide (HS?), dissolved inorganic phosphorus was released from particles at all concentrations of total phosphorus in suspended particulate matter, presumably from the reduction of iron oxides. Since extrapolated dissolved inorganic phosphorus release from this abiotic source can account for only 12.5% of the total dissolved inorganic phosphorus flux from Tomales Bay sediments, we conclude most release from particles is due to organic matter oxidation that occurs after estuarine deposition. The abiotic, sedimentary flux of dissolved inorganic phosphorus, however, could contribute up to 30% of the observed net export of dissolved inorganic phosphorus from the entire estuary. 相似文献
3.
铁作为地壳中丰度最高的元素之一,广泛参与到一系列地球化学循环中。现代海洋中的铁主要来源于河流、冰川和风的铁氧化物颗粒和溶解铁的输入。陆源输入的铁氧化物在有机质埋藏、降解的早期成岩作用过程中,发生一系列转化过程而埋藏下来,该过程被称作活性铁循环。氧化 强氧化条件利于沉积物中氧化铁的持续产生或者至少保持不被溶解的状态,从而形成棕色-红色沉积物;还原条件利于沉积物中铁氧化物的溶解,形成菱铁矿、黄铁矿(铁硫化物) 等形式的埋藏,并可能造成溶解铁在海洋内的迁移。Raiswell、Canfield、Poulton等通过对现代典型海洋环境活性铁循环研究,提出了一系列用于判别古海洋氧化 还原条件的活性铁指标体系,并成功地将太古宙以来的古海洋划分成为含铁的大洋、硫化的大洋和氧化的大洋等3个演化阶段。由于活性铁的不同形态对磷具有不同的生物地球化学效应,将造成“氧化条件下磷的优先埋藏、缺氧条件下优先释放的现象”。磷是海洋生产力的限制性元素,铁和磷循环的上述耦合关系将造成“缺氧的大洋生产力越高,富氧的大洋生产力越低”现象的出现。目前已在白垩纪古海洋缺氧 富氧沉积中初步证实了上述反馈关系的存在,但是对活性铁埋藏形式对该特殊沉积的贡献还需要进一步的工作。 相似文献
4.
Available data on synthesis, input, and decomposition of organic matter (OM) in the water column and recent bottom sediments of the World Ocean are generalized. The most reliable values of OM production and masses in the ocean, the total supply of organic carbon, and the input of terrigenous OM with coastal erosion, river runoff, and eolian matter are estimated. Maps of fossilization coefficients, distribution, and accumulation of OM in recent bottom sediments of the World Ocean are presented. A numerical expression is proposed for the main circumcontinental pattern of OM accumulation in the ocean. The group and elemental compositions of living matter of the ocean, land, and the Earth as a whole and the organic composition of bottom sediments are briefly considered. 相似文献
5.
Federica Tamburini Sylvain HuonPhilipp Steinmann Francis E GroussetThierry Adatte Karl B Fllmi 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2002,66(23):4069-4083
Reactive phosphorus undergoes diagenetic transformation once transferred into marine sediments. The degree of regeneration and redistribution of phosphorus depends on early diagenetic and environmental conditions, which may be linked to larger scale phenomena, such as bottom water circulation, water column ventilation, and organic carbon flux. Phosphorus phases of the <50-μm-sized fraction of deep-sea sediments from core SU 90-09 (North Atlantic, 43°31′N, 30°24′W, 3375 m below sea level) have been analyzed using a sequential extraction technique (SEDEX method) to reconstruct phosphorus geochemistry during Heinrich events 4 and 5. Comparison with Holocene samples from the same site indicates that postdeposition diagenetic transformation has not affected phosphorus distribution in the deep part of the sediments. Total and reactive phosphorus average 0.40 ± 0.04 mg/g and 0.30 ± 0.05 mg/g, respectively, and are comparable to values found in analog deep-sea environments in the North Atlantic. Detrital phosphorus, the phase linked to igneous- and metamorphic-derived material, sharply increases during Heinrich events and covaries with the ice-rafted debris record, whereas authigenic and Fe-bound phosphorus phases, both influenced by redox conditions, decrease or even disappear. These findings suggest that during the deposition of Heinrich layers (HLs), environmental parameters hampered the precipitation of these phases. Large freshwater discharges in relation to iceberg surges may have provoked a temporary stratification of the water column. Accordingly, dysaerobic conditions in the sediments may have fostered the loss of dissolved phosphorus from the sediments to the water column, in a direct and rapid response to the changed conditions. Decreasing trends in organic matter elemental ratios (total organic carbon/organic phosphorus) and Rock-Eval oxygen index values, along with the presence of partly authigenic dolomite and ankerite within HLs, also support this assumption. 相似文献
6.
A. G. Rozanov I. I. Volkov N. M. Kokryatskaya M. V. Yudin 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2006,41(5):483-501
Iron and manganese in bottom sediments studied along the sublatitudinal transect from Kandalaksha to Arkhangelsk are characterized by various contents and forms depending on sedimentation environments, grain size of sediments, and diagenetic processes. The latter include redistribution of reactive forms leading to enrichment in Fe and Mn of the surface sediments, formation of films, incrustations, and ferromanganese nodules. Variations in the total Fe content (2–8%) are accompanied by changes in the concentration of its reactive forms (acid extraction) and the concentration of dissolved Fe in the interstitial water (1–14 μM). Variations in the Mn content in sediments (0.03–3.7%) and the interstitial water (up to 500 μM) correspond to a high diagenetic mobility of this element. Changes in the valence of chemical elements results in the redox stratification of sediment strata with maximum concentrations of Fe, Mn, and sulfides. Organic matter of sediments with a considerable terrestrial constituent is oxidized by bottom water oxygen mainly at the sediment surface or in anaerobic conditions within the sediment strata. The role of inorganic components in organic matter oxidation changes from surface sediments, where manganese oxyhydroxide dominates among oxidants, to deeper layers, where sulfate of interstitial water serves as the main oxidant. Differences in river runoff and hydrodynamics are responsible for geochemical asymmetry of the transect. The deep Kandalaksha Bay serves as a sediment trap for manganese (Mn content in sediments varies within 0.5–0.7%), whereas the sedimentary environment in the Dvina Bay promotes its removal from sediments (Mn 0.05%). 相似文献
7.
Nicolas Tribovillard 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2013,345(3):160-165
Germanium and silicon, dissolved in seawater, are considered to be incorporated into biogenic opal with no or little fractionation, which permitted to use diatoms as reliable recorders of seawater Ge/Si. Does some fractionation occur during diagenesis, preventing the use of Ge/Si in ancient sediments? We examined the Ge/Si ratio of fossil sponges and flint nodules of the Cretaceous Chalk Formation of northern France. Though disputed, silica in this formation is considered to originate from sponges. No fractionation is observed between sponges and diagenetic flints, which allows us to observe whether Ge/Si bears a biogenic or detrital signature. We may thus confirm that sponges were the main silica supplier during the chalk deposition. The Ge/Si ratio may be used to identify a biogenic signature in cherts where the origin of silica is dubious. 相似文献
8.
The Pond Enkheimer Ried (PER) is a shallow, wind-exposed, highly eutrophic lake E of Frankfurt city, Rhine-Main area.The chemistry of PER-water is dominated by bicarbonate, calcium and sulphate which are supplied by a surface inflow, the Ried Graben (RG), some interflow and groundwater. An excessive phosphorus pool in the lake water and sediments exhibits no response to pulses of primary production but the contrary is evident for nitrate and dissolved silica.Bottom sediments of PER are dominated by carbonates, which are derived from biochemical processes in the lake water related to primary production. Large amounts of these precipitates are produced when water temperature and light conditions are favourable (spring to autumn).At frequent overturn conditions, highly hydrated unconsolidated bottom sediment (Treibmudde) is resuspended into the water and propells a permanent returnflow of nutrients, produced or dissolved in the water-sediment boundary layer. 相似文献
9.
Late Cretaceous epicontinental phosphorites, porcelanites/cherts, dark-coloured shales, glauconitic sandstones and bioclastic and fine-grained carbonate rocks in Egypt are examined in terms of their overall depositional and diagenetic framework and stable isotopic and organic geochemical characteristics. Two main depositional realms are interpreted and correlated through sequence stratigraphic analysis: (1) a shallow hemipelagic environment accompanying initial stages of marine transgression and conducive to the formation of organic carbon-rich shales, biosiliceous sediments and thick phosphorites, and (2) a relatively high energy depositional regime accompanying sea-level fall during which deltas advanced, glauconites were reworked seaward and prograding oyster banks became periodically exposed to episodes of fresh water diagenesis, thereby promoting solution-collapse phenomena in associated cherts. Lenticular to massive phosphorites are viewed as the result of current winnowing and concentration of authigenic grains initially precipitated in associated reducing shales and biosiliceous sediments. In eastern Egypt the phosphorites form winnowed lag layers, some of which may have been redeposited down slope in structural lows. In the west, these sands were concentrated into giant phosphorite sand waves built by reworking of penecontemporaneously deposited phosphatic muds during marine transgression. Carbon isotopic results substantiate interpretations from modern deposits for limitation of phosphate mineral precipitation with depth in sediments as a result of lattice poisoning. However, direct desorption of phosphorus to pore waters from detrital iron-oxyhydroxide phases also may have been important in the Cretaceous setting, the iron reduced in this process being available for incorporation in glauconites. The main locus for authigenic glauconite precipitation appears to be where iron fluxes from regions of lateritic weathering were highest and near the boundary between oxygenated and reduced waters. This study suggests a model for the common coexistence of glauconites and phosphorites in the geological record. Although upwelling is often advocated as the origin of nearly all giant phosphorite deposits, we suggest that some of these may have been strongly influenced by fluvially derived phosphorus borne on particulates and desorbed from these compounds upon flocculation and/or reduction in bottom waters or pore waters. 相似文献
10.
震旦系陡山沱组磷块岩的成岩作用和成岩环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
单满生 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1987,(2)
本文重点讨论了磷块岩的成岩作用及其与沉积环境的联系,进而提出了磷块岩成岩环境的五个序列。各成岩自然序列,具有各自独岩的成岩作用特点,代表着不同成岩作用环境。不同成岩环境又与不同的磷酸盐相和沉积环境有关,且在很大程度上依赖于原始沉积及其环境的发展和演化。 探讨磷块岩成岩作用必须考虑到成岩作用发生过程的地质历史演化和条件,必须联系其环境背景。 相似文献
11.
G. N. Baturin 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2007,42(4):318-348
By analogy with the present-day ocean, the primary productivity of paleoceans can be reconstructed using calculations based on the content of organic carbon in sediments and their accumulation rates. Results of calculations based on literature data show that the primary productivity of organic carbon, the mass of phosphorus involved in the process, and the content of phosphorus in oceanic waters were relatively stable in the Mesozoic and Late Mesozoic. Prior to precipitation on the seafloor together with the biogenic detritus, the dissolved phosphorus could repeatedly be involved in the biogeochemical cycle. Therefore, only less than 0.1% of phosphorus is retained in bottom sediments. The bulk phosphorus accumulation rate in oceanic sediments is partly consistent with the calculated primary productivity. Some epochs of phosphate accumulation also coincide with maximums of primary productivity and minimums of the fossilization coefficient of organic carbon. The latter fact can testify to episodes of the acceleration of organic matter mineralization and the release of phosphorus from sediments, leading to increase in the phosphorus reserve in paleoceans and phosphate accumulation in some places. 相似文献
12.
Concentrations of dissolved nitrate, silicate, and phosphate in water flooding intertidal sediments at Pecks Cove and along the axis of Cumberland Basin, Bay of Fundy were measured throughout the year. Exchanges of dissolved nutrients between intertidal sediments and overlying water were measured by enclosing water in chambers over undisturbed sediment. Nitrate concentrations in the water usually decreased during incubations while silicate was released by sediments during summer and consumed during fall. Particles which settled in sediment traps exposed during periods of high tide were stirred in filtered seawater to measure nutrient exchange. The flux of nutrients between the intertidal sediments and settled particles and seawater was estimated from incubation experiments and the observed nitrogen content in surface sediments and suspended particulate material. There was a net import of dissolved nitrate and silicate into Cumberland Basin from Chignecto Bay during early summer, at all other times there was a net export. Despite the low primary productivity and rigorous physical environment, biological activity has a measurable impact on dissolved nutrient concentrations in the waters of Cumberland Basin. 相似文献
13.
震旦系陡山沱组沉积期形成的黔中开阳、瓮安富磷矿沉积区,矿石产量大、品位高,是国内外重要的磷矿资源产区。黔中磷矿主要分布于黔中古陆周缘的滨浅海环境中,矿石类型以碎屑状磷块岩为主,间夹原生泥晶磷块岩、生物结构磷块岩和次生土状结构磷块岩。开阳式高品位磷块岩的动态沉积成矿过程通常为“三阶段成矿”: 第一阶段为初始成磷作用阶段,在新元古代大规模成磷背景下,上升洋流携带深部富磷海水进入滨浅海地区,并通过生物化学作用使磷质聚集并形成原生磷块岩沉积;第二阶段为簸选成矿作用阶段,高能波浪、风暴水流对原生磷块岩持续的破碎、磨蚀、搬运和再沉积过程中,簸选去除了原生沉积物中的陆源细碎屑、砂泥质成分,保留并聚集磷质碎屑颗粒,形成品位较高的碎屑状矿石;第三阶段为淋滤作用阶段,海平面升降变化使之前形成矿石受暴露事件影响,遭受强烈的风化淋滤作用,碎屑状磷矿石内的碳酸盐岩胶结物和白云石条带被淋滤运移,导致矿层发育大量溶蚀孔洞,甚至形成土状磷块岩,矿石品位再次得到大幅度提升。三阶段成矿作用随古地理条件和海平面变化在沉积成岩过程中多期次、动态进行,最终形成工业价值极高的磷矿石。 相似文献
14.
《Applied Geochemistry》2000,15(5):551-566
Teflon strips were used in-situ in the bottom sediments at two sites in the Swan River Estuary to collect diagenetic Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides and monitor monthly changes in their morphology and trace element geochemistry. This study demonstrates that substantial concentrations of trace elements accumulate at the redox front during the formation of diagenetic Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides. It is likely that the Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides initially nucleate and grow on the Teflon strips via bacterial activity. Trace element geochemistry of the diagenetic Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides is influenced by changes in the supply of trace elements from either the bottom sediments and/or water column or changes in the physico-chemical status of bottom and porewaters. If sufficient diagenetic Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides are preserved in the upper layer(s) of the bottom sediment it is possible that diagenetic (secondary) trace element enrichment profiles may be produced which modify the historical input of natural or anthropogenic trace element sources. Alternatively, partial or complete dissolution of the diagenetic Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides in response to temporal changes in the redox status of the bottom sediment may lead to a substantial underestimate of trace element fluxes in historical bottom sediment profiles. This study highlights that considerable care must be taken when interpreting short- to long-term geochemical profiles in bottom sediments due to the possible occurrence of rapid, seasonally mediated diagenetic processes. 相似文献
15.
新元古代末期历经“雪球地球”和大气、海洋增氧事件后,发生了全球性成磷事件,贵州省震旦系陡山沱组大规模磷矿床沉积是本次成磷事件的典型代表。然而现阶段对贵州陡山沱组磷块岩成磷作用机制研究存在诸多争议,成磷事件与同期古海洋环境转变之间的关联研究也较为薄弱。作者以贵州省瓮安、遵义和丹寨地区陡山沱组原生磷块岩为研究对象开展的沉积学、岩石学、矿物学和地球化学特征研究表明: 陡山沱早期成磷作用被限制在浅水海岸,瓮安地区A矿层球粒磷块岩中大量的含铁自生矿物黄铁矿、海绿石以及无Ce负异常指示的贫氧沉积水体环境均表明,Fe-氧化还原泵成磷模式在富磷过程中发挥了重要作用;陡山沱晚期磷块岩分布扩散至较深水陆棚—斜坡沉积相区,磷块岩与富有机质岩层共生,矿物晶体形态特征与矿石内富含的大量生物化石均表明,有机质沉降聚磷作用和生物成磷作用促使磷块岩大量沉积,较明显的Ce负异常值也指示了海水氧气含量的提升。成磷作用模式的转变和磷块岩分布的扩展是对海洋增氧事件的沉积响应,同时造成的多细胞动物演化也影响了深部水体的氧化还原状态,进而反映了贵州省陡山沱组磷块岩大规模沉积与新元古代末期氧化事件(NOE)密切的耦合关系。 相似文献
16.
Phosphogenesis of phosphorite from the Sinian Doushantuo Formation in Guizhou Province and its coupling relation with the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event 
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下载免费PDF全文 Phosphate deposits of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation accumulated in the central Guizhou Province are the typical phosphate-rich sediments during the Neoproterozoic Phosphogenic Episodes,which occurred after the “Snowball Earth”period and Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event. However,the mechanisms of phosphate enrichment in seawater have always been hotly debated,and the research for correlations between phosphogenesis and transition of Ediacaran palaeo-ocean environments is still unsubstantial. This study focused on the sedimentological,petrological,mineralogical and geochemical analyses on the Doushantuo pristine phosphorite in Weng'an,Zunyi and Danzhai area. Documented by spherulitic phosphorites in the Lower Phosphorite beds from Weng'an area that contain abundant autogenetic Fe-bearing minerals such as pyrite and glauconite and show weak Ce negative anomaly,Fe-redox pumping in low-oxygen environments are the important phosphogenesis mechanism but only limited in coastal waters in the Early Doushantuo Period. Phosphorite in the Upper Phosphorite beds deposited within organic-rich beds and contain massive biological fossils suggests that phosphogenesis might have been triggered by degradation of organic matter and biological action in the Late Doushantuo Period,and distribution of phosphatic sediments extended to the deeper shelf to slope setting. Obvious Ce negative anomaly implies the increase of oxygen content in seawater. The transition of phosphogenesis mechanisms and the expansion of phosphorite deposits are the sedimentary response of ocean oxygenation,and the associated evolution of metazoans also changed the redox conditions of the deep seawater. These sedimentary and geochemistry data reflect the closed coupling relation between Doushantuo phosphorite in Guizhou Province and the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event. 相似文献
17.
Sediment particle size in the Hudson River Estuary 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The particle sizes in bottom and suspended sediments from the ocean upstream for 80 km in the Hudson River Estuary were analysed. Several modes at 4, 8 and 30 μm were prevalent throughout the estuary. The average size of particles in bottom samples varied from 150 μm near the ocean to 15–20 μm in Haverstraw Bay. The bottom sediment size appears to be controlled by two components; (1) sand from the ocean and (2) the particles in the flocs. 相似文献
18.
Geochemistry of Rare Earth Elements in the Ocean 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
This work briefly outlines modern ideas on geochemistry of rare earth elements (REE) in the ocean. Sources of REE and chemical properties of these elements, which govern their migration ability in natural processes, are considered. The REE behavior in the river water–seawater mixing zone is analyzed. The fractionation of dissolved and suspended REE in oceanic water in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions is also considered. It is shown that the variability of REE composition in pelagic sediments reflects the fractionation of these elements in the oceanic water as a consequence of material differentiation in the ocean. The REE distribution in terrigenous, authigenic, hydrothermal, and biogenic constituents of sediments, such as clay, bone debris, barite, phillipsite, Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides (ferromanganese nodules and micronodules), Fe–Ca hydroxo-phosphate, diatoms, and foraminifers, is considered. 相似文献
19.
川南马边地区下寒武统麦地坪组是昆阳式磷矿的重要赋矿层位,磷矿的分布受沉积古环境控制。以马边黄家坪地区麦地坪组含磷地层野外剖面实测及钻孔岩芯观察为基础,对麦地坪组沉积相特征、磷块岩特征、磷矿成因模式进行了详细研究。研究表明：黄家坪地区麦地坪组发育碳酸盐岩潮坪相沉积,可识别出潮上坪、潮间坪和潮下坪3个亚相共计6种微相类型：潮上坪包括潮上滩和潮上云坪微相;潮间坪包括潮汐水道、潮间滩、潮间灰坪;潮下坪则仅发育低能潮下坪,垂向上表现出海退-海侵的沉积演化序列。据此建立了麦地坪组海湾潮坪相沉积模式。磷块岩的富集严格受沉积相带控制,潮间坪内高能水动力的潮间滩和潮汐水道是最有利于磷块岩形成的微相环境,砂砾屑磷块岩是马边地区发育较为广泛的磷块岩类型。磷矿床的成矿模式为上升洋流将富磷海水带入到海湾潮坪环境内,受生物-化学作用使磷以胶体-化学的形式发生凝聚富集,形成半固结—弱固结的磷酸盐沉积物,后遭受水流的冲刷、破碎、搬运、簸选再次发生沉淀,经压实、固结即形成高品位的磷块岩。 相似文献
20.
Xueyan Jiang Zhigang Yu Teh-Lung Ku Xinglun Kang Wei Wei Hongtao Chen 《Estuaries and Coasts》2007,30(6):919-926
The Yellow River (Huanghe) is the second largest river in China and is known for its high turbidity. It also has remarkably
high levels of dissolved uranium (U) concentrations (up to 38 nmol 1-1). To examine the mixing behavior of dissolved U between river water and seawater, surface water samples were collected along
a salinity gradient from the Yellow River plume during September 2004 and were measured for dissolved U concentration,234U:238U activity ratio, phosphate (PO4
3–), and suspended particulate matter. Laboratory experiments were also conducted to simulate the mixing process in the Yellow
River plume using unfiltered Yellow River water and filtered seawater. The results showed a nonconservative behavior for dissolved
U at salinities < 20 with an addition of U to the plume waters estimated at about 1.4 X 105 mol yr–1. A similarity between variations in dissolved U and PO4
3– with salinity was also found. There are two major mechanisms, desorption from suspended sediments and diffusion from interstitial
waters of bottom sediments, that may cause the elevated concentrations of dissolved U and PO4
3– in mid-salinity waters. Mixing experiments indicate that desorption seems more responsible for the elevated dissolved U concentrations,
whereas diffusion influences more the enrichment of PO4
3–. 相似文献