共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
在了解安徽省泗县水文地质条件基础上,分析了区域水文地球化学特征及类型,探讨了其空间分布特征。根据开采条件下的地下水动力场条件,选择了3条模拟路径,采用PHREEQC软件进行了水文地球化学模拟研究,定量分析了地下水的形成机理及演化。结果表明,路径Ⅰ发生了岩盐、石膏以及伊利石的溶解,高岭土、石英、白云石、萤石发生了沉淀;钙蒙脱石、方解石不参与反应,NaX解吸,CaX_2被吸附;路径Ⅱ发生了岩盐、石膏、伊利石、石英等的溶解以及钙蒙脱石、方解石的沉淀,NaX解吸,CaX_2被吸附;路径Ⅲ发生的反应基本与路径Ⅰ相同,不同之处在该路径上的白云石发生了溶解,其原因可能是地下水在径流过程中溶解CO_2,使其继续溶解白云石以及受沉淀滞后的影响。研究结果表明地下水开采条件下,泗县地下水化学组分主要受到了岩盐和石膏等矿物的溶解作用、钙钠离子交换作用以及钙蒙脱石、方解石沉淀作用的控制。 相似文献
2.
以滦河三角洲地区第Ⅲ含水层组为例,选取两条水文地质剖面分析深层地下水化学组分特征。文章利用Piper图分析了上下游水化学的分带性,从上游到下游演化顺序为HCO3—Ca·Na型、HCO3·SO4—Na·Ca型和HCO3·Cl—Na型。上游地下水沿流动方向主要发生了溶滤作用,引起HCO-3和Ca2++Mg2+等比例增加,Cl-+SO2-4和Na+也等比例增加。下游地下水沿流动方向不仅发生了溶滤作用,还发生了阳离子交换和脱硫酸作用,引起下游地区Ca2+、Mg2+和SO2-4逐渐减小,Cl-和Na+显著增加,且Na+增加幅度明显大于Cl-。本研究加深了承压含水层地下水从山前到滨海地区整个循环路径上的水化学演化规律及成因的认识。 相似文献
3.
Saltwater intrusion and nitrate pollution in the coastal aquifer of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
Yohana Mtoni Ibrahimu Chikira Mjemah Charles Bakundukize Marc Van Camp Kristine Martens Kristine Walraevens 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(3):1091-1111
Dar es Salaam Quaternary coastal aquifer is a major source of water supply in Dar es Salaam City used for domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses. However, groundwater overdraft and contamination are the major problems affecting the aquifer system. This study aims to define the principal hydrogeochemical processes controlling groundwater quality in the coastal strip of Dar es Salaam and to investigate whether the threats of seawater intrusion and pollution are influencing groundwater quality. Major cations and anions analysed in 134 groundwater samples reveal that groundwater is mainly affected by four factors: dissolution of calcite and dolomite, weathering of silicate minerals, seawater intrusion due to aquifer overexploitation, and nitrate pollution mainly caused by the use of pit latrines and septic tanks. High enrichment of Na+ and Cl? near the coast gives an indication of seawater intrusion into the aquifer as also supported from the Na–Cl signature on the Piper diagram. The boreholes close to the coast have much higher Na/Cl molar ratios than the boreholes located further inland. The dissolution of calcite and dolomite in recharge areas results in Ca–HCO3 and Ca–Mg–HCO3 groundwater types. Further along flow paths, Ca2+ and Na+ ion exchange causes groundwater evolution to Na–HCO3 type. From the PHREEQC simulation model, it appears that groundwater is undersaturated to slightly oversaturated with respect to the calcite and dolomite minerals. The results of this study provide important information required for the protection of the aquifer system. 相似文献
4.
Halil Murat Özler 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(2):323-340
There are 59 springs at the Gevas–Gurp?nar–Güzelsu basins, 38 of these springs emerge from the fractured karst aquifers (recrystallized limestone and travertine) and 21 emerge from the Yuksekova ophiolites, K?rkgeçit formation and alluvium. The groundwater samples collected from 38 out of the total of 59 springs, two streams, one lake and 12 wells were analyzed physico-chemically in the year 2002. EC and TDS values of groundwater increased from the marble (high altitude) to the ophiolites and alluvium (toward Lake Van) as a result of carbonate dissolution and connate seawater. Five chemical types of groundwater are identified: Ca–Mg–HCO3, Mg–Ca–HCO3, Mg–Na–HCO3, Na–Ca–HCO3 and Mg–Ca–Na–HCO3. The calculations and hydrochemical interpretations show that the high concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3 ? as predominant ions in the waters are mainly attributed to carbonate rocks and high pCO2 in soil. Most of the karst springs are oversaturated in calcite, aragonite and dolomite and undersaturated in gypsum, halite and anhydrite. The water–rock interaction processes that singly or in combination influence the chemical composition of each water type include dissolution of carbonate (calcite and dolomite), calcite precipitation, cation exchange and freshening of connate seawater. These processes contribute considerably to the concentration of major ions in the groundwater. Stable isotope contents of the groundwater suggest mainly direct integrative recharge. 相似文献
5.
Hydrogeochemistry and isotope techniques to determine water interactions in groundwater-dependent shallow lakes,Wet Pampa Plain,Argentina 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Asunción Romanelli Orlando Mauricio Quiroz Londoño Daniel Emilio Martínez Héctor Enrique Massone Alicia Haydée Escalante 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(4):1953-1966
This paper gives an account of the implementation of hydrochemical and isotopic techniques to identify and explain the processes that govern solute exchange in two groundwater-dependent shallow lakes in the Southeastern Pampa Plain of Argentina. Water samples (lakes, streams, spring water and groundwater) for hydrochemical and stable isotopic determination were collected and the main physical–chemical parameters were measured. The combination of stable isotope data with hydrogeochemical techniques was used for the identification of sources and preferential recharge areas to these aquatic ecosystems which allowed the explanation of the lake water origin. The hydrochemical processes which explain Los Padres Lake water chemistry are evaporation from groundwater, CO2 input, calcite dissolution, Na+ release by Ca2+ and Mg2+ exchange, and sulfate reduction. The model that best aligns with La Brava Lake hydrochemical constraints includes: mixing, CO2 and calcite dissolution, cationic exchange with Na+ release and Mg2+ adsorption, and to a lesser extent, Ca/Na exchange. This model suggests that the fractured aquifer contribution to this water body is greater than 50 %. An isotopic-specific fingerprint for each lake was identified, finding a higher evaporation rate for La Brava Lake compared to Los Padres Lake. Isotopic data demonstrate the importance of these shallow lakes as recharge areas to the regional aquifer, becoming areas of high groundwater vulnerability. The Tandilia Range System, considered in many hydrogeological studies as the impermeable bedrock of the Pampean aquifer, acts as a fissured aquifer in this area, contributing to low salinity waters and with a fingerprint similar to groundwater isotopic composition. 相似文献
6.
贺兰山以北乌兰布和沙漠地下水水化学特征演化规律研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
乌兰布和沙漠对中国西北部干旱地区气候变化和水文循环过程研究具有指示意义, 以水文地球化学运移为导向, 通过分析33个地下水样, 探讨了该区地下水的补给与演化过程. 结果表明: 巴彦乌拉山浅层地下水水化学类型为Cl--HCO3--SO42--Na+; 从吉兰泰盐湖至乌兰布和沙漠, 主要水化学类型变化浅层地下水为Cl--HCO3--Na+到Cl--HCO3--SO42--Na+, 深层地下水为HCO3--Cl--Na+再到HCO3--Cl--Na+或HCO3--Cl--Ca2+. Gibbs图表明, 研究区地下水的水化学特征主要受蒸发浓缩作用影响和岩石风化作用控制, 大气降雨机制影响甚微. 主要离子相关关系图及饱和指数表明, 岩盐、芒硝、钠长石、方解石、白云石、石膏等矿物的风化溶解是该区地下水主要离子来源. 此外, 氯碱指数和Ca/Na的指示, 说明阳离子交换作用也是形成该地区地下水水化学组分的重要机制. 相似文献
7.
内蒙古阿拉善塔木素地区是我国高放废物地质处置预选地段之一,开展相应的水文地质特性评价研究对于科学评估其适宜性尤为重要,而充分认识地下水的补给来源与演化过程是了解地下水的形成机制与更新能力的基础。结合塔木素地区水文地质条件,利用水化学与同位素技术对研究区26组水样进行分析,结果显示:研究区地下水氢氧同位素与西北地区大气降水氢氧特征类似,表明区内地下水主要受到当地大气降水补给,这也与水文地质条件认识相符;区内地下水呈现高矿化度特征,TDS均值达到了2.9 g · L-1,地下水化学类型为Na+-Cl-型,表现出干旱区地下水的典型特征;此外,地下水的氯碱指数均大于0,且Mg2++Ca2+-HCO3--SO42-与Na++K+-Cl-呈线性关系且斜率接近-1,说明了阳离子交换反应普遍发生在地下水化学演化过程中。塔木素重点地段地下水属于不适宜利用的高矿化度地下水,且深部地下水年龄大于5000年,循环交替能力较差。这一认识为该地段处置库选址和场址评价提供了重要的水文地质依据。 相似文献
8.
兖州煤田奥陶系灰岩地下水水化学特征及其形成机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鲁西南兖州煤田的奥陶系灰岩地下水对煤田深部煤炭开采具有潜在的水害威胁,且为研究区的主要供水水源之一,其水化学特征及形成机理分析,可为该区深部煤炭开采水害防治和地下水资源利用提供依据。经过目的层水样的采集与测试可知,地下水水化学类型以SO_4-Ca-Mg型为主,SO_4~(2-)含量为537~2 296 mg/L,Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)的平均含量分别为455.7 mg/L和116.6 mg/L,TDS的范围为961~3 555 mg/L,pH值为6.9~8.0。Ca~(2+)和SO_4~(2-)随TDS的增加而增加,呈良好线性关系,推断TDS的增加主要来自Ca~(2+)和SO_4~(2-)的贡献。由饱和指数(SI)可知,地下水中的白云石和方解石均处于过饱和状态,而绝大部分的水样的石膏饱和指数均小于0,处于不饱和状态。石膏的饱和指数与地下水中TDS呈正相关关系。这些结果表明,在该含水层中地下水运移过程中不断发生水岩相互作用,主要包括石膏溶解、白云石和方解石沉淀或溶解、离子交换等反应。 相似文献
9.
作为庐枞盆地较早开展勘探工作的罗河铁矿, 矿区揭露的地下水可分为潜水和承压水2类, 潜水表现为弱碱性HCO3--Ca+·Mg2+型水; 区域构造和凝灰岩阻隔了潜水和承压水的水力联系, 承压水以SO42--Ca2+型微咸温水为主, 水化学成分不受外界因素变化影响.离子比例系数和相关性分析说明承压水中主要水化学反应包括硫酸盐矿物溶解和阳离子交换.PHREEQC反向模拟SO42--Ca2+型承压水的成因主要是砖桥组下段次生石英岩中大量硬石膏、石英和水云母的原位溶解; 与此同时, 地下水中沉淀生成了方解石和绿泥石, 石膏溶解的Ca2+离子吸附交换粘土矿物中的Na+离子, 少量黄铁矿还发生了氧化还原反应.分析结果验证了罗河铁矿深部地下水相对封闭, 补给有限, 以静储量为主. 相似文献
10.
11.
基于孔隙承压水属性,研究了苏锡常地区孔隙Ⅱ承压水超采状态下最大水位埋深期（1994年、1998年）地下水动态（水位、水质）监测资料与水文地质条件。论述水位动态虽能直观反映开采状态下水资源衰竭与水位变化特征,但对补给条件及水动力机制不清楚,则会给超采状态下水文地质条件认识及评价带来视觉上的偏颇。采用水化学动力参数则能很好地反映不同水源补给空间的变化规律,用其常量水化学组分（K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、HCO-3、CO2-3、SO2-4）计算的离子强度（I）、主要离子活度（aHCO-3、aNa+ 相似文献
12.
Y. Lucas A.D. Schmitt F. Chabaux A. Clément B. Fritz Ph. Elsass S. Durand 《Applied Geochemistry》2010
In the southern Upper Rhine Valley, groundwater has undergone intensive saline pollution caused by the infiltration of mining brines, a consequence of potash extraction carried out during the 20th century. Major and trace elements along with Sr and U isotopic ratios show that groundwater geochemical characteristics along the saline plumes cannot reflect conservative mixing between saline waters resulting from the dissolution of waste heaps and one or more unpolluted end-members. The results imply the occurrence of interactions between host rocks and polluted waters, and they suggest that cationic exchange mechanisms are the primary controlling process. A coupled hydrogeochemical model has been developed with the numerical code KIRMAT, which demonstrates that cationic exchange between alkalis from polluted waters and alkaline-earth elements from montmorillonite present in the host rock of the aquifer is the primary process controlling the geochemical evolution of the groundwater. The model requires only a small amount of montmorillonite (between 0.75% and 2.25%), which is in agreement with the observed mineralogical composition of the aquifer. The model also proves that a small contribution of calcite precipitation/dissolution takes places whereas other secondary mineral precipitation or host rock mineral dissolution do not play a significant role in the geochemical signature of the studied groundwater samples. Application of the model demonstrates that it is necessary to consider the pollution history to explain the important Cl, Na and Ca concentration modifications in groundwater samples taken over 2 km downstream of waste heaps. Additionally, the model shows that the rapidity of the cationic exchange reactions insures a reversibility of the cation fixation on clays in the aquifer. 相似文献
13.
人工回灌条件下多组分溶质的反应迁移模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
人工回灌技术在我国水资源管理中占据重要地位,但是其实施对地下水环境质量也造成了较大的影响。如何保障人工回灌条件下地下水环境质量的安全稳定性,已成为人工回灌技术发展的瓶颈。以上海市某人工回灌试验场为例,结合试验场的地质、水文地质勘探结果,以TOUGHREACT为数值模拟平台,模拟预测人工回灌条件下地下水中多组分溶质的迁移转化过程。模拟结果表明：地下水化学成分主要受混合作用、阳离子交换吸附作用及含水层矿物相溶解-沉淀作用等影响;含水介质中石英、白云石、钾长石、钠长石及蒙脱石发生溶解,方解石发生沉淀,伊利石与高岭石则先溶解后沉淀,但各矿物相反应量极其微弱;按不同压力方案回灌,水位恢复速率随压力增大而加快,但地下水中化学成分变化趋势几乎不受压力影响。 相似文献
14.
新疆玛纳斯河流域平原地下水水-岩作用模拟 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
玛纳斯河流域平原区地下水化学演化较为复杂,从上游至下游的变化特点主要以Na+、Ca2+、 HCO3-、SO42-含量和TDS值的高低相间交替演化为主。本文对此演化机理进行了水-岩作用模拟研究,模拟结果表明:①矿物相的溶解、析出和蒸发作用、稀释作用共同控制着地下水水化学的演化;②从研究区上游往下,由于地层岩性颗粒逐渐变细,水中矿物相迁入、迁出的数量逐渐增大,水-岩作用逐渐增强;③研究区上游的水-岩作用主要是地表水或灌溉水入渗补给的影响,研究区中下游的水-岩作用主要受蒸发作用的影响;④由于地表水或灌溉水的大量混入,局部的水化学演化往往不符合一般演化规律,甚至于往相反的方向演化,TDS呈下降趋势,产生复杂的过渡水化学类型。 相似文献
15.
黑河流域中游盆地水文地球化学演化规律研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黑河是我国第二大内流河,研究其水化学演化规律,对于区域水资源科学利用与管理、保障饮水安全和下游生态安全都具有重要作用。本文利用2014—2018年在黑河流域开展1∶50 000水文地质调查所获取的资料,研究了黑河干流和丰乐河两个典型剖面的水化学和同位素变化规律。结果表明,黑河中游盆地地下水主要来源于祁连山区大气降水补给,黑河干流区地下水氘氧同位素比丰乐河流域更为富集,反映了氘氧同位素的高程效应。在丰乐河流域排泄区发现了非现代气候条件下形成的古水,说明现在的盐湖盆地早期就是地下水滞留区。山前戈壁带含水层经长期淋滤作用,地下水溶解性总固体(total dissolved solids,TDS)较低,水化学类型以重碳酸型为主。溢出带以北下游地区TDS逐步增高,地下水类型以硫酸型、硫酸-氯型为主,具有两种地下水化学背景和演化模式:一种是石膏溶解-碳酸盐沉淀析出-氯化物溶解-缓慢的硅酸盐非完全溶解和阳离子交换反应模式;另一种在此基础上增加硫酸钠溶解演化模式。流域补给区和径流区地下水TDS升高的主要原因是溶滤作用。丰乐河排泄区地下水TDS升高的主要原因仍是溶滤作用,溶滤盐分的来源是表层的盐分,以石盐为主。黑河干流排泄区由于含水层较薄,水位埋深较浅,蒸发对地下水咸化的影响更大。 相似文献
16.
Mahmoud S. Alyamani 《GeoJournal》1999,48(4):291-297
In Wadi Tharad the groundwater has been subjected to hydrochemical study to identify the process (s) that led to the formation
of relatively highly saline water in shallow alluvial aquifer. The chemical analyses results show that the groundwater salinity
was highly variable and randomly distributed along the wadi course. This variation could be attributed to intensive evaporation
on effluent prone surface irrigation water that led to precipitation of evaporates (e.g., calcite, dolomite, gypsum and probably
halite). The intensive irrigation practice through mineral dissolution recharged the groundwater with a marked increase in
the salinity. The local hydrogeological condition is also involved in determining the risk of the groundwater salinity as
a consequence of irrigation practice.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
《Applied Geochemistry》2004,19(5):645-664
Sediment and water samples from 12 saline pans on the semi-arid west coast of South Africa were analysed to determine the origin of salts and geochemical evolution of water in the pans. Pans in the area can be subdivided into large, gypsiferous coastal pans with 79–150 g/kg total dissolved salt (TDS), small inland brackish to saline (2–64 g/kg TDS) pans and small inland brine (168-531 g/kg TDS) pans that have a layer of black sulphidic mud below a halite crust. The salinity of coastal pan waters varies with the seasonal influx of dilute runoff and dissolution of relict Pleistocene marine evaporite deposits. In contrast, inland pans are local topographic depressions, bordered on the north by downslope lunette dunes, where solutes are concentrated by evaporation of runoff, throughflow and groundwater seepage. The composition of runoff and seepage inflow waters is determined by modification of coastal rainfall by weathering, calcite precipitation and ion exchange reactions in the predominantly granitic catchment soils. Evaporation of pan waters leads to precipitation of calcite, Mg–calcite, dolomite, gypsum and halite in a distinct stratigraphic succession in pan sediments. Bicarbonate limits carbonate precipitation, Ca limits gypsum precipitation and Na limits halite precipitation. Dolomitisation of calcite is enhanced by the high Mg/Ca ratio of brine pan waters. Brine pan waters evolve seasonally from Na–Cl dominated brines in the wet winter months to Mg–Cl dominated brines in the dry summer months, when 5–20 cm thick halite crusts cover pan surfaces. Pan formation was probably initiated during a drier climate period in the early Holocene. More recent replacement of natural vegetation by cultivated land may have accelerated salt accumulation in the pans. 相似文献
18.
广东硇洲岛地下水化学演化及成因机理 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
地下水一直是广东硇洲岛唯一的水资源,但近年来许多地区地下水咸化趋势加剧,严峻威胁着岛上居民的用水安全,研究地下水化学演化及成因机理,对预防和减缓水质变咸意义重大。本文结合区域水文地质条件、地形地貌条件及水化学资料分析了整个岛屿地下水水质状况,在此基础上采用Piper三线图研究了水化学特征,并利用PHREEQC软件对水文地球化学演化规律进行模拟研究,结果表明:(1)海水入侵是造成地下水咸化的主要原因,咸化对水质的影响主要表现为Cl-的增加,Ca2+在区分该地区不同水体时反应灵敏,是良好的识别指标之一;(2)海水入侵的过程中,过渡带前缘不存在经受长期古海水演化而成的卤水与地下淡水的混合作用,地下水中Mg2+、Ca2+与Na+之间存在着强烈的离子交换,石膏、白云石及方解石处于不饱和状态;(3)浅层地下水与深层地下水之间无明显的水力联系,属于相对独立的地下水流系统。在全球变暖,海平面上升的总趋势下,海岛地下水开发必须合理规划、严格管理,以防引发大规模海水入侵灾害的发生。 相似文献
19.
柳林泉域滞流区岩溶水的热源及其Na+、Cl-来源探讨 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
柳林泉域滞流区岩溶水以高温、高Na+和Cl-浓度为主要特征。文章在区域地质及水文地质条件分析基础上,采用化学计量学原理,判断了该区岩溶水的热源及Na+和Cl-的来源。结果显示:在泉域的补给区、径流区和排泄区的上青龙、龙门会、杨家港和寨东泉组,岩溶水中的Na+和Cl-主要来源于岩盐的溶解,其中多余的Na+可能来自于阳离子交换、黄土中含Na+矿物的溶解及城市污水的排放;滞流区和排泄区的刘家疙瘩泉组岩溶水中高浓度的Na+和Cl-也主要来自于岩盐的溶解,而多余的Cl-可能由岩溶水中的Na+交换吸附介质中的Ca2+或Mg2+所致。西部滞流区岩溶水的热源主要包括地温梯度增热、当地正常地温、岩石中放射性元素产热和石膏的溶解放热,其贡献率分别为45%、28%、20%和7%。 相似文献
20.
环境同位素特征对滨海岩溶地区海水入侵过程的指示意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大连大魏家水源地位于中国北方典型滨海岩溶地区。近30年来,地下淡水的不合理开采造成的地下水位降落漏斗引发了严重的海水入侵。以大魏家水源地为研究对象,通过大量的水文地质调查和水化学及同位素采样测试分析,探讨海水入侵形成的水动力条件,通过分析滨海岩溶含水层中地下水主要水化学和多种同位素(δ2H-δ18O,δ34S,δ13C)组成特征,识别了海水入侵过程中发生的主要水文地球化学作用,并对其进行了定量模拟,从而阐明了岩溶含水层中的海水入侵机理。研究结果表明:大连大魏家海水入侵主要通道为大魏家地区存在的导水断裂、岩溶裂隙以及第四系松散地层。对δ2H-δ18O同位素的组成分析表明,研究区地下水主要来自大气降水补给,结合Cl-浓度分布,认为除海水入侵淡水含水层后增加了地下水中的盐分外,浅层地下水的蒸发也对地下水中盐分的累积起到了重要作用。根据不同水体中δ34SSO4,δ13CHCO3等同位素特征,结合水化学成分(如SO2-4,Cl-)分析认为,研究区微咸水和咸水并不是地下水淡水和海水简单混合而成。利用反向水文地球化学模拟揭示了控制滨海岩溶含水层中水化学演化的主要水文地球化学反应有方解石、蒙脱石和石膏的溶解作用,伊利石的沉淀作用以及Ca-Na离子交换作用,伴随着CO2的释放。 相似文献