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1.
地下水污染场地风险管理与修复技术筛选 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
赵勇胜 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2012,42(5):1426-1433
国际上对于地下水污染场地的控制与修复研究已经取得了许多成果,已有成功的修复实例。我国虽然起步晚,但非常重视地下水污染的防治,开展了全国范围的地下水污染调查,并进行了地下水污染的防治规划。地下水污染的控制与修复已经逐渐进入示范性研究阶段。面对地下水污染场地风险管理的不同方法,以及众多的污染修复技术,如何制定风险管理策略,如何在各种各样的修复技术中筛选合适的技术或技术组合,对于地下水污染场地的防治具有非常重要的意义。笔者分析了发达国家地下水污染风险管理策略,结合在地下水污染场地研究方面的经验,对一些主要的地下水污染修复技术进行了分析论述,提出了考虑污染物特征、场地水文地质条件的地下水污染修复技术的筛选过程和方法。 相似文献
2.
P. F. Hudak 《Environmental Geology》1997,31(1-2):21-26
Simplified approaches are often used to model the removal of groundwater contamination. These approaches can yield poor remediation
schemes because they incorrectly portray the effects of multiple pumping wells. In this study, a pumping configuration designed
by graphically overlaying capture zones having an identical, quasi-elliptical shape was evaluated with a numerical mass transport
model. After a 3-year period (within which the hypothetical aquifer was to be remediated) the contaminant mass had been reduced
by 77%. Due to stagnation zones which developed between extraction wells, approximately 15 years of pumping was required to
remediate the aquifer with the overlay configuration. An alternative design, consisting of an extraction well between two
injection wells along the long axis of the plume, removed the contaminant within the 3-year design period.
Received: 23 October 1995 · Accepted: 18 June 1996 相似文献
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地下水污染监测网的设计研究进展 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
地下水污染监测网的设计包括取样点在空间上的采样位置和时间上的取样频率这两方面的确定，其目的是为了准确刻画污染羽在含
水层中随时间的变化状况。概要地回顾了近20年来地下水污染监测网设计的研究成果。分别介绍了统计方法、模拟方法和模拟-优化模型
等监测网设计方法的研究进展。监测网设计方法的选择取决于最终的监测目的以及可供利用的基础资料。指出参数的不确定性是影响污染监
测设计结果的最重要因素。如何将地下水污染监测网设计的理论研究真正与实际应用相结合是今后的主要研究方向。 相似文献
5.
Groundwater contaminant source identification based on iterative local update ensemble smoother 
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下载免费PDF全文 Identification of the location and intensity of groundwater pollution source contributes to the effect of pollution remediation, and is called groundwater contaminant source identifcation. This is a kind of typical groundwater inverse problem, and the solution is usually ill-posed. Especially considering the spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity field, the identification process is more challenging. In this paper, the solution framework of groundwater contaminant source identification is composed with groundwater pollutant transport model (MT3DMS) and a data assimilation method (Iterative local update ensemble smoother, ILUES). In addition, Karhunen-Loève expansion technique is adopted as a PCA method to realize dimension reduction. In practical problems, the geostatistical method is usually used to characterize the hydraulic conductivity feld, and only the contaminant source information is inversely calculated in the identifcation process. In this study, the identification of contaminant source information under Kriging K-field is compared with simultaneous identification of source information and K-field. The results indicate that it is necessary to carry out simultaneous identification under heterogeneous site, and ILUES has good performance in solving high-dimensional parameter inversion problems. 相似文献
6.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2015,75(3):345-356
The old Senhora das Fontes uranium mine, in central Portugal, consists of quartz veins which penetrated along fracture shear zones at the contact between graphite schist and orthogneiss. The mine was exploited underground until a depth of 90 m and was closed down in 1971. The ores from this mine and two others were treated in the mine area by the heap-leach process which ended in 1982. Seven dumps containing a total of about 33,800 m3 of material and partially covered by natural vegetation were left in the mine area. A remediation process took place from May 2010 to January 2011. The material deposited in dumps was relocated and covered with erosion resisting covers. Surface water and groundwater were collected in the wet season just before the remediation, in the following season at the beginning of the remediation and also after the remediation in the following dry season. Before, at the beginning and after the remediation, surface water and groundwater have an acid-to-alkaline pH, which decreased with the remediation, whereas Eh increased. In general, before the remediation, uranium concentration was up to 83 μg/L in surface water and up to 116 μg/L in groundwater, whereas at the beginning of the remediation it increases up to 183 μg/L and 272 μg/L in the former and the latter, respectively, due to the remobilization of mine dumps and pyrite and chalcopyrite exposures, responsible for the pH decrease. In general, after the remediation, the U concentration decreased significantly in surface water and groundwater at the north part of the mine area, but increased in both, particularly in the latter up to 774 μg/L in the south and southwest parts of this area, attributed to the remobilization of sulphides that caused mobilization of metals and arsenic which migrated to the groundwater flow. Uranium is adsorbed in clay minerals, but also in goethite as indicated by the geochemical modelling. After the remediation, the saturation indices of oxyhydroxides decrease as pH decreases. The remediation also caused decrease in Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu, As, Sr and Mn concentrations of surface water and groundwater, particularly in the north part of the mine area, which is supported by the speciation modelling that shows the decrease of most dissolved bivalent species. However, in general, after the remediation, Th, Cd, Al, Li, Pb, Sr and As concentrations increased in groundwater and surface water at south and southwest of the mine area. Before and after the remediation, surface water and groundwater are contaminated in U, Cd, Cr, Al, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cu and As. Remediation caused only some improvement at north of the mine area, because at south and southwest part, after the remediation, the groundwater is more contaminated than before the remediation. 相似文献
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污染物事故性排放、工矿企业搬迁后遗留的污染场地修复面临各种问题,给地下水资源的使用带来严重威胁。地下水VOCs污染,具有易扩散迁移、毒性高、风险大的特点,修复难度较高。本文结合典型深层地下水修复案例,充分分析场地地质背景、水文地质条件等,根据污染物的特性、污染范围和分布特征,探讨各种修复技术的修复机理、修复对象和技术特点,针对VOCs污染修复进行性能比较及适用性分析。同时通过两个阶段的试验综合研究,原位和异位技术相结合,为开展类似地下水VOCs污染修复实践和管理提供了依据和思路。 相似文献
8.
抽出 -处理系统设计多侧重于考虑修复初期的效率,在修复后期通常效率低下,产生拖尾现象,其优化的关键在于布设的井群系统能否高效抽出受污染的地下水体。利用溶质运移数值模拟可为井群布设和抽水方案优化提供依据。本研究旨在优化我国北方某化肥厂高浓度氨氮污染的地下水体的抽出 -处理修复系统,节约时间和成本。在水文地质调查及氨氮浓度监测的基础上,综合考虑井数、抽水天数和总抽水量三个变量,采用中轴线法与三角形法结合的布井方法,利用GMS软件反复试算,筛选出三种较优抽水方案并进一步模拟优化,最终从中选出最优抽水方案。结果,相比最初方案（方案1）,最优方案（方案3）将修复周期缩短了23个月,抽水总量减少了约31.9×104 m3,而抽水井数量仅增加了1口。该模型进行了稳定流水位拟合验证和4期非稳定流实测溶质浓度验证,较符合实际。结果表明,针对抽水井数量不足引起的拖尾问题,关键因素在于合理的井位布设与分阶段的抽水模式。在修复过程中,及时对地下水中污染物进行监测,并随着污染羽变化过程及时调整抽水方案,保证高浓度区一直有抽水井进行较大流量抽水,可有效提高修复效率并缩短修复周期。 相似文献
9.
In situ air sparging involves injecting atmospheric air, under pressure, into the saturated zone to remove those volatile and semi-volatile organic groundwater contaminants and to promote their biodegradation by increasing subsurface oxygen concentrations. Due to the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and in situ constructability, groundwater Air Sparging (AS) technology has been quickly developed in the world recently. Based on the explanation of its remediation principle, literature review is done on the research advancement of air sparging technology mainly from three aspects. First, various methods for determination of the zone of influence and visualization techniques of air flow forms during air sparging are summarized. Then the influence of environmental geological conditions and construction technology parameters on the remediation effect of air sparging is systematically analyzed. Thereafter, two main types of air sparging theoretical models including lumped-parameter model and multiphase fluid flow model are discussed respectively in detail. Finally, based on the problems and difficulties existing in present research and engineering practice, several future tasks such as the enhancement remediation techniques in complex geological sites, microscopic intrinsic mechanisms, and establishment of related design and construction standards which require to be done are briefly analyzed. 相似文献
10.
Geographic Information System and groundwater quality mapping in Panvel Basin,Maharashtra, India 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Panvel Basin of Raigarh district, Maharashtra, India is the study area for groundwater quality mapping using the Geographic Information System (GIS). The study area is typically covered by Deccan basaltic rock types of Cretaceous to Eocene age. Though the basin receives heavy rainfall, it frequently faces water scarcity problems as well as water quality problems in some specific areas. Hence, a GIS based groundwater quality mapping has been carried out in the region with the help of data generated from chemical analysis of water samples collected from the basin. Groundwater samples show quality exceedence in terms of chloride, hardness, TDS and salinity. These parameters indicate the level of quality of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes. Idrisi 32 GIS software was used for generation of various thematic maps and for spatial analysis and integration to produce the final groundwater quality map. The groundwater quality map shows fragments pictorially representing groundwater zones that are desirable and undesirable for drinking and irrigation purposes. 相似文献
11.
Radio frequency geophysical methods are known for being very versatile tools in ground- and groundwater investigation at shallow
depths. They are fast and easy to use and allow a high density of information over large surfaces, which makes them very suitable
for geological mapping sensu lato (faults, lithological contacts, groundwater-bearing structures, vulnerability maps, and
contaminant plumes) and for selecting borehole locations. Significant improvement concerning 2D and 3D modelling of the data
has occurred in recent decades. However, field surveys are very seldom performed in “ideal conditions”—the lack of necessary
transmitters, in the convenient direction, in order to catch the structures in E- and H-pol for modelling purposes, is not
an unusual situation. The present paper shows how the use of RMT and RF-EM is nevertheless of great help and suggests different
ways to explore qualitative data in different geological settings.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
12.
In this paper, a simple scenario and probabilistic approach is used to assess the potential groundwater risk due to proposed
overdraft remedial actions in cone of depression, Jining City, China. Focusing on the concentrations of Chloride ions (Cl−) and total hardness (TH), the impact of artificial recharge and reduced pumping on groundwater quality and quantity is analysed
by using the three-dimensional finite difference groundwater flow and transport model, Visual MODFLOW, to simulate groundwater
flow and transport within the study area based on scenarios, and utilizes SURFER software to map risk levels. Although 5,
10 or 15% reduced pumping with artificial recharge leads to more decrease in Cl− and TH concentrations than the 25%, less volume increase is achieved for the remediation of land subsidence and other environmental
problems in the cone of depression. The Cl− concentrations in recovered groundwater are within the desired concentration of 200 mg/l; however, TH in some cases are above
the maximum permissible limit of 500 mg/l, with an exceedence probability of about 0.67 for recharge and recharge with reduced
pumping at 25%. The presence of fractures and hydrogeological complexity greatly determines impacts of remediation, and the
22% reduced pumping with artificial recharge offers an optimum strategy for overdraft remediation in the Jining cone of depression. 相似文献
13.
Environmental impacts of groundwater overdraft: selected case studies in the southwestern United States 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
The southwestern United States—this papers study region—is home to large urban centers and features a thriving agro-industrial economic sector. This region is also one of the driest in North America, with highly variable seasonal and inter-annual precipitation regimes and frequent droughts. The combination of a large demand for usable water and semi-arid climate has led to groundwater overdraft in many important aquifers of the region. Groundwater overdraft develops when long-term groundwater extraction exceeds aquifer recharge, producing declining trends in aquifer storage and hydraulic head. In conjunction with overdraft, declines in surface-water levels and streamflow, reduction or elimination of vegetation, land subsidence, and seawater intrusion are well documented in many aquifers of the southwestern United States. This work reviews case studies of groundwater overdraft in this region, focusing on its causes, consequences, and remedial methods applied to counter it. 相似文献
14.
CFCs法在鄂尔多斯白垩系地下水盆地浅层地下水年龄研究中的应用 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
鄂尔多斯白垩系地下水盆地是中国重要的能源基地,利用CFCS方法对鄂尔多斯白垩系地下水盆地年轻地下水年龄进行测定,取得了比较准确的结果。结果表明,盆地地下水系统可以分为局部地下水系统、中间地下水系统和区域地下水系统。地下水盆地内局部地下水系统地下水循环更替快,年龄为20 a左右,地下水年龄随深度增加而增加;中间地下水系统和区域地下水系统地下水循环更替相对较慢,年龄大于70 a,可以寻求14C等其他同位素方法确定准确年龄。 相似文献
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地下水模型是进行地下水模拟与评价的主要工具。文章按照J2EE标准,在提高软件的可扩展性、可维护性和代码利用率的指导思想下,以中间件技术应用框架为基础,以三维地下水模型为核心,采用MVC软件设计模型,开发了地下水模型中间件,建立了基于Web的地下水模拟系统,并利用WebGIS技术可视化地下水模型结果。系统缩短了模型建模周期,提高了模型的使用效率。 相似文献
17.
Identification and mapping of chromium (VI) plume in groundwater for remediation: A case study at Kanpur,Uttar Pradesh 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R. K. Singh B. Sengupta Rameshwar Bali B. P. Shukla V. V. S. Gurunadharao Rajesh Srivatstava 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,74(1):49-57
With only twenty five percent population living in urban areas, India has cities amongst the biggest in the world. Urban growth
in most of Indian cities is concomitant with rise in water demand for community, as well as, for industrial purposes. The
complex situation resulting from indiscriminate disposal of waste and its severe impact on groundwater quality is set for
continuous worsening mainly for want of sustained effort aimed at site-specific remediation.
The study, a prerequisite for actual remediation in an industrial city of Kanpur, India, envisages detailed investigation
about pollutant transport, evaluation of concept of Bio-remediation and a range of other options and finally full scale implementation
of the best suited. Drilling of piezometers and resistivity survey indicates that the area is constituted of alluvial sands,
gravels and their various admixtures. Chemical analysis of water samples collected from piezometers and hand pumps shows the
presence of hexavalent chromium rich horizons at various depths. The alarming concentration of this carcinogenic heavy metal
of the order of 16.3 mg/l against the permissible concentration (of 0.05 mg/l) for drinking water and high concentration within
sediments of the area poses a major threat to the entire ecosystem. The projection of migration contaminant plume of hexavalent
chromium as depicted in the paper is indicative of a concentrated extent of core zone existing in shallow alluvial aquifer,
which may be targeted for interception by remedial measures.
The present work, elaborating on the source, potential and monitoring the migration of the pollutant plume is the first field
scale study of its kind in the country. The findings of these studies are of strong relevance in addressing the ground water
pollution due to indiscriminate disposal practices of hazardous waste in areas located within the alluvial zones. 相似文献
18.
Field investigation of the natural attenuation and intrinsic biodegradation rates at an underground storage tank site 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Contamination of groundwater by petroleum-hydrocarbons is a widespread environmental problem. Natural attenuation is a passive
remedial approach to degrade and dissipate contaminants in soil and groundwater. In this study, a mass flux approach was used
to calculate the contaminant mass reduction and field-scale decay rate at a gasoline spill site. The mass flux technique is
accomplished using the differences in total contaminant mass flux across two cross sections of the contaminant plume. The
mass flux calculation shows that up to 88% of the dissolved BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers) removal
was observed by natural attenuation processes. The efficiency of intrinsic biodegradation was evaluated by the in situ tracer
method. A first-order decay model was applied for the natural attenuation and intrinsic biodegradation rate calculation. Results
reveal that intrinsic biodegradation process was the major cause of the BTEX reduction among the natural attenuation mechanisms,
and iron reduction was the dominant biodegradation pattern within the plume. Approximately 87% of the BTEX removal was caused
by intrinsic biodegradation processes. The calculated BTEX natural attenuation and intrinsic biodegradation rates were 0.24
and 0.16% l/day, respectively. Results suggest that natural attenuation mechanisms can effectively contain the plume, and
the mass flux method is useful in assessing the efficiency of the natural attenuation.
Received: 6 December 1999 · Accepted: 11 July 2000 相似文献
19.
Permeability and stress in crystalline rocks 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Groundwater from crystalline rocks is a significant resource in many areas of the world. It is also an important medium for contaminant transport from, for example, deep nuclear waste repositories. Stress distributions in fractured rocks are important in controlling groundwater flow in several ways: (i) palaeostress fields are responsible for the evolution of fracture systems which transmit groundwater; (ii) current in situ stress fields will influence the shape and aperture of fractures; (iii) humans can influence the natural stress field in a rock mass to enhance fracture flows. The significance of stresses for groundwater flow can be investigated by field techniques (hydraulic fracturing), laboratory techniques (stress cells) or by numerical modelling. 相似文献
20.
工程措施影响滑坡地下水动态的数值模拟研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
大多数滑坡的发生与地下水活动有关 ,地下水的动态变化直接关系到滑坡的稳定性状况。因此 ,在滑坡治理工程中 ,首先需要研究各种影响因素和工程治理措施对坡体地下水位的影响方式 ,从而正确分析滑坡成因机制和制定合理的滑坡治理方案。基于工程滑坡实例研究 ,利用数值模拟 ,揭示了滑坡治理工程中地下排水洞的排水效果 ,分析了地表水集中入渗和设置抗滑桩后地下水渗流场的变化特征。表明数值模拟研究 ,可以有效地揭示工程措施及主要影响因素对滑坡地下水动态的影响方式 ,为滑坡治理奠定必要的基础 相似文献