共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Adriana Heimann Paul G. Spry Graham S. Teale Colin H. H. Conor Norman J. Pearson 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2011,101(1-2):49-74
Garnet-rich rocks occur throughout the Proterozoic southern Curnamona Province, Australia, where they are, in places, spatially related to Broken Hill-type Pb-Zn-Ag deposits. Fine-scale bedding in these rocks, their conformable relationship with enclosing metasedimentary rocks, and their enrichment in Mn and Fe suggest that they are metamorphosed chemical precipitates. They formed on the floor of a 1.69?Ga continental rift basin from hydrothermal fluids mixed with seawater and detritus. Garnet in garnet-quartz and garnet-amphibole rocks is generally light rare earth element (LREE) depleted, and has flat heavy REE (HREE) enriched chondrite-normalized REE patterns, and negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*?<?1). Garnet in garnet-rich rocks from the giant Broken Hill deposit has similar REE patterns and either positive (Eu/Eu*?>?1) or negative Eu anomalies. Manganese- and Mn-Ca-rich, Fe-poor garnets in garnetite, garnet-hedenbergite, and garnet-cummingtonite rocks at Broken Hill have Eu/Eu*?>?1, whereas garnet in Mn-poor, Fe-rich quartz garnetite and quartz-garnet-gahnite rocks from Broken Hill, and quartz garnetite from other locations have Eu/Eu*?<?1. The REE patterns of garnet and its host rock and interelement correlations among REEs and major element contents in garnet and its host rock indicate that the Eu anomaly in garnet reflects that of its host rock and is related to the major element composition of garnet and its host rock. The value of Eu/Eu* in garnet is related to its Mn, Fe, and Ca content and that of its host rock, and the distribution of REEs among garnet and accessory phases (e.g., feldspar). Positive Eu anomalies reflect high amounts of Eu that was preferentially incorporated into Mn- and Mn-Ca-rich oxides and carbonates in the protolith. In contrast, Eu/Eu*?<?1 indicates the preferential discrimination against Eu by Fe-rich, Mn-poor precursor minerals. Precursors to Mn-rich garnets at Broken Hill formed by precipitation from cooler and more oxidized hydrothermal fluids compared to those that formed precursors to Mn-poor, Fe-rich garnet at Broken Hill and the other locations. Garnet from the Broken Hill deposit is enriched in Zn (> 400?ppm), Cr (> 140?ppm), and Eu (up to 6?ppm and positive Eu anomalies), and depleted in Co, Ti, and Y compared to garnet in garnet-rich rocks from other localities. These values, as well as MnO contents ?>?15 wt. % and Eu/Eu*?>?1 are only found at the Broken Hill deposit and are good indicators of the presence of Broken Hill-type mineralization. 相似文献
2.
LING Qicong LIU CongqiangLaboratory for Study of the Earth''s Interior Geofluids Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang Guizhou E-mail: lingqicong@hotmail.com China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 《《地质学报》英文版》2003,77(2):246-257
REE and other trace elements in the altered marbles, massive skarns and ores, as well as garnet and quartz were determined in order to examine the behaviors of trace elements during hydrothermal alteration. It is demonstrated that the high-field-strength (HFS) elements Zr, Hf, Th and Nb were immobile while other trace elements were mobile during the formation of skarns and related deposits. REE and ore-forming elements such as Cu and Ag in hydrothermally-altered marbles and skarns were provided primarily by hydrothermal fluids. In the direction transverse of the strata, the more deeply the marbles were altered, the higher the total REE abundance and the larger the negative Eu anomalies would be. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of skarns are similar to those of the marbles, but the former are distinguished by much higher REE contents and more remarkable negative Eu anomalies. Those patterns were apparently not inherited from the marble protolith, but were controlled by garnets, which were determine 相似文献
3.
海底热液系统高温流体的稀土元素组成及其控制因素 总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33
研究稀土元素在流体中的地球化学行为及其控制因素,对利用稀土示踪与流体有关的地球化学过程具有重要意义。海底高温流体稀土组成研究表明,不同背景、岩性热液系统喷口流体的稀土含量差别较大,与海水之间可达几个数量级,但配分模式却非常类似,即普遍具有LREE富集、高的正Eu异常特征。流体的稀土组成与岩石或矿物的蚀变程度、结构构造有关,同时受流体的温压、pH值、Eh值、络合介质种类等因素的影响,其配分模式是流体循环、迁移过程中络合、吸附、矿物沉淀等不同因素共同作用而再次调整的结果。正Eu异常作为高温流体的特征标志,可以用来示踪与高温流体有关的地球化学作用过程,同时Y/Ho比值、负Ce异常可以用来示踪与流体/海水混合有关的化学过程。 相似文献
4.
湖南沃溪金-锑-钨矿床成因的稀土元素地球化学证据 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
沃溪金-锑-钨矿床的稀土元素地球化学组成良好地反映了成矿作用的条件和过程,并为示踪矿床成因提供了有用的信息.以流体包裹体为代表的成矿溶液,以较高的稀土总量、显著的轻稀土富集和缺乏明显的铕异常为特征,代表了一种通过在碎屑沉积物柱中循环而萃取矿质的演化的海水热液.矿石相对于成矿流体(母液)富集重稀土而轻微亏损铕,反映了矿石沉淀过程中来自于海水的稀土元素掺合.同一矿层内由下往上,重稀土相对富集的程度逐渐增大而稀土总量则逐渐降低,表明随着热液化学沉淀作用的进行,海水掺合的影响逐渐增强.矿石的稀土元素组成,无论在分布模式还是在轻重稀土之间的分馏程度上,均与其他许多 Sedex型多金属矿床十分相似,暗示了这些矿床具有相似的成因机制.稀土元素地球化学特征支持矿床同生沉积成因的观点. 相似文献
5.
REE controls in ultramafic hosted MOR hydrothermal systems: An experimental study at elevated temperature and pressure 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
A hydrothermal experiment involving peridotite and a coexisting aqueous fluid was conducted to assess the role of dissolved Cl− and redox on REE mobility at 400°C, 500 bars. Data show that the onset of reducing conditions enhances the stability of soluble Eu+2 species. Moreover, Eu+2 forms strong aqueous complexes with dissolved Cl− at virtually all redox conditions. Thus, high Cl− concentrations and reducing conditions can combine to reinforce Eu mobility. Except for La, trivalent REE are not greatly affected by fluid speciation under the chemical and physical condition considered, suggesting control by secondary mineral-fluid partitioning. LREE enrichment and positive Eu anomalies observed in fluids from the experiment are remarkably similar to patterns of REE mobility in vent fluids issuing from basalt- and peridotite-hosted hydrothermal systems. This suggests that the chondrite normalized REE patterns are influenced greatly by fluid speciation effects and secondary mineral formation processes. Accordingly, caution must be exercised when using REE in hydrothermal vent fluids to infer REE sources in subseafloor reaction zones from which the fluids are derived. Although vent fluid patterns having LREE enrichment and positive Eu anomalies are typically interpreted to suggest plagioclase recrystallization reactions, this need not always be the case. 相似文献
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位处华北板块北缘东段的辽吉裂谷带内发育有多处中、小型铅锌矿床,其中,同时发育层状和脉状铅锌矿的青城子矿床是典型的代表。为了探讨青城子层状铅锌矿和脉状铅锌矿矿质来源及成因的异同及其所代表的地质意义,利用ICP-MS对层状铅锌矿及其围岩、脉状铅锌矿及其围岩和后期穿矿脉岩进行了稀土元素测试。结果表明,所有样品均具有轻稀土元素（LREE）富集和明显分异的特点。层状铅锌矿及其围岩具有Eu正异常和较弱的Ce负异常,表明其成矿物质均来自上升的深部热水流体与海水的混合热液,在高温、还原流体和海水的参与下成矿。脉状铅锌矿及其围岩稀土元素配分模式与层状铅锌矿及其围岩相似,但其Eu为负异常和Ce异常不明显,部分样品出现较弱的Ce正异常,对比分析穿矿脉岩明显的Eu负异常和Ce正异常以及二者稀土元素总量稍大于层状铅锌矿的特点,文章认为青城子层状矿石为沉积成矿,成矿热液为深部热水流体与海水的混合热液,但后期受到岩浆侵入叠加改造的影响而在局部形成脉状铅锌矿体,引起了Eu负异常和局部Ce正异常的出现以及稀土元素总量的增加。 相似文献
8.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2017,77(3):399-419
The Sangan iron skarn deposit is located in the Sabzevar-Dorouneh Magmatic Belt of northeastern Iran. The skarn contains zoned garnet, clinopyroxene and magnetite. Cores and rims of zoned garnets are generally homogeneous, having a relatively high ΣREE, low ΣLREE/ΣHREE ratios, and positive Eu anomalies. The cores of the zoned clinopyroxenes are exceptionally HREE-rich, with relatively high ΣREE and HREE/LREE ratios, as well as positive Eu anomalies. Clinopyroxene rims are LREE-rich, with relatively low ΣREE contents and HREE/LREE ratios, and do not have Eu anomalies. Magnetite grains are enriched in LREEs in comparison with the HREEs and lack Eu anomalies. Variations of fluid composition and physicochemical conditions rather than YAG-type substitution mechanism are considered to have major control on incorporating trace elements, including REE, into the skarn mineral assemblage. Based on baro-acoustic decrepitation analysis, the calc-silicate and magnetite dominant stages were formed at similar temperatures, around 350–400 °C. In the Sangan skarns, hydrothermal fluids shifted from near-neutral pH, reduced conditions with relatively high ΣREE, low LREE/HREE ratios, and U-rich characteristics towards acidic, oxidized conditions with relatively low ΣREE, high LREE/HREE ratios, and U-poor characteristics. 相似文献
9.
Gehad M. Saleh 《中国地球化学学报》2007,26(4):333-344
The field relations, mineralogy, and major and trace elements (including REE analyses of whole-rock samples and minerals) of granites and their associated molybdenite uranium mineralized aplites in Southeastern Desert, Egypt, have been studied. The granites are leucocratic and mostly peraluminous in nature with muscovite increasing at the expense of biotite. The chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the granitic rocks indicate that their melts originated from the LILE-enriched mantle wedge by partial melting and are contaminated by crustal melts, followed by thermogravitational processes. Leucogranites with higher Na2O/K2O ratios from Um Dargag and Um Maiat crystallized under H2O-saturated equilibrium conditions in which the exsolved vapor continuously migrated away. The REE patterns of the granites studied are characterized by LREE enrichments and negative Eu anomalies. In comparison, the potassic aplites and the more sodic leucogranites are depleted in LREE, enriched in HREE and show more remarkable negative Eu anomalies. Allanite and monazite are the most important REE carriers in the granites. These minerals are strongly enriched in LREE, whereas fluorite and xenotime, which are more abundant in the aplites, are enriched in HREE. The average Lu/Ce ratio represents the fractionation trend with respect to HREE. It is 0.71 for radioactive fluorite, and it increases to 1.22 for non-radioactive fluorite. The high REE contents of molybdenite represent re-deposition of the mobilized Mo and REE. Due to the strong control of accessory minerals, the REEs are of limited use in petrogenetic modelling of highly evolved granitic systems. 相似文献
10.
《China Geology》2018,1(2):225-235
For the first time, we present the rare earth element (REE) and sulfur isotopic composition of hydrothermal precipitates recovered from the Tangyin hydrothermal field (THF), Okinawa Trough at a water depth of 1206 m. The natural sulfur samples exhibit the lowest ΣREE concentrations (ΣREE= 0.65×10–6–4.580×10–6) followed by metal sulfides (ΣREE=1.71×10–6–11.63×10–6). By contrast, the natural sulfur-sediment samples have maximum ΣREE concentrations (ΣREE=11.54×10–6–33.06×10–6), significantly lower than those of the volcanic and sediment samples. Nevertheless, the δEu, δCe, (La/Yb)N, La/Sm, (Gd/Yb)N and normalized patterns of the natural sulfur and metal sulfide show the most similarity to the sediment. Most hydrothermal precipitate samples are characterized by enrichments of LREE (LREE/HREE=10.09–24.53) and slightly negative Eu anomalies or no anomaly (δEu=0.48–0.99), which are different from the hydrothermal fluid from sediment-free mid-oceanic ridges and back-arc basins, but identical to the sulfides from the Jade hydrothermal field. The lower temperature and more oxidizing conditions produced by the mixing between seawater and hydrothermal fluids further attenuate the leaching ability of hydrothermal fluid, inducing lower REE concentrations for natural sulfur compared with metal sulfide; meanwhile, the negative Eu anomaly is also weakened or almost absent. The sulfur isotopic compositions of the natural sulfur (δ34S=3.20‰–5.01‰, mean 4.23‰) and metal sulfide samples (δ34S=0.82‰–0.89‰, mean 0.85‰) reveal that the sulfur of the chimney is sourced from magmatic degassing. 相似文献
11.
对滇东南中三叠统法郎组含锰岩系进行了系统采样,用ICP-MS法分析了17件锰矿样品和两件含锰灰岩样品中的稀土元素组成。研究表明,所有样品REE配分模式皆为富LREE型,锰矿样品表现较弱的Ce（δCe值0.79～1.29）异常和Eu（δEu值0.84～1.20）异常;而含锰灰岩则显示出强烈的负Ce异常和较弱的负Eu异常。并通过logTh-logU图解分析,得出滇东南中三叠统法郎组含锰岩系普遍经受了多期次的热液的作用。 相似文献
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稀土元素主要通过交代碳酸盐矿物的Ca2+0进入碳酸盐格架,所以沉积碳酸盐(岩的稀土元素特征能够很好的指示沉积流体来源和古环境。常用的稀土元素指标包括稀土元素总量(ΣREE)、稀土元素配分型式、以及La、Ce、Eu、Gd和Y等元素的异常指数。碳酸盐(岩)的稀土元素含量可能受到硅酸盐矿物、Fe-Mn氧化物/氢氧化物和磷酸盐等非碳酸盐组分以及成岩蚀变作用的影响。因此,在分析过程中,我们只有排除这些影响因素,才能用碳酸盐(岩)的稀土元素指标来探讨流体来源和古环境。这要求我们采集新鲜剖面上的样品,并用适当浓度的弱酸进行分步溶样,提取适当的组分,避免样品中的非碳酸盐组分干扰原始沉积组分的稀土元素特征。不同的沉积水体和沉积相下形成的碳酸盐(岩)具有不同的稀土元素特征:从太古宙到全新世的海相碳酸盐(岩)记录了LREE亏损、La正异常和高Y/Ho值的稀土元素特征;海底孔隙水的稀土元素特征则受氧化-还原条件、离子络合形式、孔隙流体来源的制约;热液流体具有LREE富集、Eu正异常的稀土元素特征;河水和湖泊有相对平坦的稀土元素特征。因此,碳酸盐(岩)的稀土元素特征具有重要的古环境指示意义。 相似文献
14.
UKAEGBUV.U. EKWUEMEB.N. 《中国地球化学学报》2005,24(2):129-135
Rock samples representing various igneous and metamorphic rocks of southern Obudu Plateau were analyzed for rare-earth element ( REE ) behavior by ICP-MS. Results of the analyses indicate a range of REE abundances and distinctive patterns from highly fraetionated patterns with negative Eu anomalies in granitic rocks to relatively low abundances and less REE fractionated flat patterns with little Eu anomaly in some paragneisses, schists, enderbites and dolerites to unfractionated patterns with positive Eu anomalies in some paragneisses and charnockites. Over all, there are low to high ∑ REE contents with negative to positive Eu anomalies. The ratios of different parameters, especially La/Yb and Ce/Yb, show behaviors consistent with crustal to mantle derivation. The heterogeneity of REE abundances and REE patterns reflects mantle to crustal petrogenetic variations of different rock suites on the Plateau. The LREE content is higher than the HREE content in the highly differentiated rocks, as evidenced by their La/Yb,Ce/Yb and La/Sm ratios, which are normally higher in residual products than in primary melts. The dominantly intermediate nature of the source rock of the orthogneisses is suggested by the generally low ∑ REE. The granites enriched in LREE and depleted in HREE and some of the charnockites with negative Eu anomalies were probably formed by partial melting and crystallization. 相似文献
15.
Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) leg 193 successfully drilled four deep holes (126 to 386 m) into basement underlying the active
dacite-hosted Pacmanus hydrothermal field in the eastern Manus Basin. Anhydrite is abundant in the drill core material, filling
veins and vesicles, cementing breccias, and occasionally replacing igneous material. We report rare-earth element (REE) contents
of anhydrite from a site of diffuse venting (Site 1188) which show extreme variability, in terms of both absolute concentrations
(e.g., 0.08–28.3 ppm Nd) and pattern shape (LaN/SmN=0.08–3.78, SmN/YbN=0.48–23.1, Eu/Eu*=0.59–6.1). The range of REE patterns in anhydrite includes enrichments in the middle and heavy REEs and
variable Eu anomalies. The patterns differ markedly from those of anhydrite recovered during ODP Leg 158 from the TAG hydrothermal
system at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge which display uniform LREE-enriched patterns with positive Eu anomalies, very similar to
TAG vent fluid patterns. As the system is active, the host-rock composition is uniform, and the anhydrite veins appear to
relate to the same hydrothermal stage, we can rule out predominant host-rock and transport control. Instead, we propose that
the variation in REE content reflects waxing and waning input of magmatic volatiles (HF, SO2) and variable complexation of REEs in the fluids. REE speciation calculations suggest that increased fluoride and possibly
sulfate concentrations at Pacmanus may affect REE complexation in fluids, whereas at TAG only chloride and hydroxide complexes
play a significant role. The majority of the anhydrites do not show positive Eu anomalies, suggesting that the fluids were
more oxidizing than in typical mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems. We use other hydrothermal fluids from the Manus Basin
(Vienna Woods and Desmos), which bracket the Pacmanus fluids in terms of acidity and ligand concentrations, to examine the
dependence of REE complexation on fluid composition. Geochemical modeling reveals that under the prevailing conditions at
Pacmanus (pH~3.5, T=250–300 °C), Eu oxidation state and the relative importance of fluoride versus chloride complexing are
very sensitive to small variations in oxygen fugacity, temperature, and pH. Patterns with extreme mid-REE enrichment may reflect
speciation effects (free-ion abundance) coupled with crystal chemical control. We conclude that the great variability in REE
concentrations and pattern shape is likely due to variable fluid composition and REE complexation in the fluids.
Editorial handling: L. Meinert 相似文献
16.
蒙亚啊铅锌矿床自发现至今尚未报道稀土元素地球化学的研究成果,本文通过ICP-MS方法测定了矿床金属硫化物和热液成因石英中稀土元素的组成。研究表明,磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿中稀土元素总量有所差异,但总体均为右倾的轻稀土富集型配分模式;据Eu异常特征可将其分为3组,Eu异常的产生主要是成矿过程中物化条件的转变及方解石的大量结晶造成的。4件石英稀土元素总量亦有所差异,原因在于其结晶时间和结晶温度不同,其配分曲线亦为轻稀土富集的右倾型;不同阶段形成的石英各自具强烈的正铕或负铕异常,究其原因主要是由于后期大气降水的加入及方解石的形成引起的。 相似文献
17.
冀东、五台和吕梁地区条带状铁矿的稀土元素特征及其地质意义 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
详细报道了冀东、五台和吕梁地区条带状铁矿全岩样品的稀土元素分析结果。结果表明,研究区BIF具有非常相似的特征：稀土总量均较低;经页岩标准化的稀土元素配分模式均呈现轻稀土亏损、重稀土富集的特征;Y/Ho比值较高;具有明显的Eu、Y、La的正异常,且这些特征表明研究区BIF的稀土元素来源于火山热液和海水的混合溶液。虽然BIF均显示Eu正异常,但不同类型、不同沉积年龄BIF的铕异常程度不同：与吕梁地区Superior型铁矿相比,冀东和五台地区的Algoma型铁矿显示了更大的Eu正异常;并且自中太古代-新太古代-古元古代,BIF的铕正异常逐渐减小,这可能反映了随着BIF沉积年龄的减小,进入到该地区海水中的高温热液流体逐渐减少;同时,研究区BIF缺乏明显的Ce负异常,可能暗示在BIF沉积时海水的氧化还原状态为缺氧环境。 相似文献
18.
REE and Trace Element Geochemistry of Yinachang Fe-Cu-REE Deposit, Yunnan Province, China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1IntroductionThebehaviorsoftherare earthelements (REE)duringmagmatism ,metamorphismandmeta somationareofgreatgeologicalinterestbecauseoftheirapplicationsingeochronologyandgeochemi caltracing (e .g .reviewsbyFaure ,1 986;LipinandMckay ,1 989) .Becauseoftheirsimilargeo chemicalbehaviorsandlowsolubilitiesinwater,theREEshaveprovedthemselvestobeapowerfultoolforthecharacterizationofprovenanceswhenappliedtosedimentaryrocks (McDanieletal.,1 994) .Althoughtheirbehaviorsunderhydrothermalconditionsar… 相似文献
19.
川西昌台地区上三叠统勉戈组中酸性火山岩之上主要为一套灰黑色至黑色沉积岩石组合,包括板岩、页岩和泥岩等。这套岩石组合可分为两类:底部为存在热水活动参与形成的沉积岩,厚度较薄;底部之上为无热水活动参与形成的沉积岩,厚度较大。本文取样上述两类岩石测得的稀土元素特征基本相似,无明显区别:两类样品稀土含量普遍偏高,与球粒陨石标准化的的配分曲线呈右倾型,LREE富集,基本无Ce正/负异常,具有明显的Eu负异常。有热水活动参与的沉积岩样品与太平洋SER地区现代海底典型热水沉积物的稀土元素特征明显不一致;与该区域内呷村矿区的典型热水沉积岩重晶石和硅质岩的稀土元素特征也不一致。但与秦岭志留系部分热水沉积岩样品和湘黔寒武系牛蹄塘组底部碳质伊利石页岩样品的稀土特征一致,呈现正常碎屑岩的稀土元素特征。综合分析认为,川西勉戈组碎屑页岩出现Eu负异常特征的主要原因是所测样品中的热液组分含量较少甚至无。 相似文献
20.
Two submarine hydrothermal vent fields at 5°S, Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) - Turtle Pits and Comfortless Cove - emanate vapor-phase fluids at conditions close to the critical point of seawater (407 °C, 298 bars). In this study, the concentration and distribution of rare earth element (REE) and yttrium (Y) has been investigated. Independent of the major element composition, the fluids display a strong temporal variability of their REE + Y concentrations and relative distributions at different time scales of minutes to years. Chondrite-normalized distributions range from common fluid patterns with light REE enrichment relative to the heavy REE, accompanied by positive Eu anomalies (type I), to strongly REE + Y enriched patterns with a concave-downward distribution with a maximum enrichment of Sm and weakly positive or even negative Eu anomalies (type II). The larger the sum of REE, the smaller CeCN/YbCN and Eu/Eu∗. We also observed a strong variability in fluid flow and changing fluid temperatures, correlating with the compositional variability.As evident by the positive correlation of total REE, Ca, and Sr concentrations in Turtle Pits and Comfortless Cove fluids, precipitation/dissolution of hydrothermal anhydrite controls the variability in REE concentrations and distributions in these fluids and the transformation of one fluid type to the other. The variable distribution of REE can be explained by the accumulation of particulate anhydrite (with concave-downward REE distribution and negative Eu anomaly) into a fluid with common REE distribution (type I), followed by the modification of the REE fluid signature due to dissolution of incorporated anhydrite. A second model, in which the type II fluids represent a primary REE reaction zone fluid pattern, which is variably modified by precipitation of anhydrite, can also explain the observed correlations of total REE, fractionation of LREE/HREE and size of Eu anomaly as well as Ca, Sr. The emanation of such a fluid may be favored in a young hydrothermal system in its high-activity phase with short migration paths and limited exchange with secondary minerals. However, this model is not as well constrained as the other and requires further investigations.The strongly variable REE fluid signature is restricted to the very hot, actively phase-separating hydrothermal systems Turtle Pits and Comfortless Cove at 5°S and has not been observed at the neighboring Red Lion vent field, which continuously emanates 350 °C hot fluid and displays a stable REE distribution (type I). 相似文献