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1.
黄河上游地区滑坡分布广泛,危害严重,是我国地质灾害的高易发区。文章以不同分辨率的多元遥感数据QuickBird(QB)、GeoEye、ZY-3、ZY-1 02C、Google earth等为数据源,结合野外现场实地调查和遥感验证等手段,开展了黄河上游地区滑坡发育的空间形态、展布特征研究,主要取得了以下认识:(1)研究区滑坡遥感影像特征明显,共发现各种类型的滑坡体508处,以群科尖扎盆地分布数量最多; (2)滑坡的空间宏观展布形态主要有8种,岩土体类型主要有4类,并以泥岩滑坡发育数量最多; (3)滑体堆积体的长、宽主要集中在550～1500m和600～1500m,且长、宽呈两极化方向延展; (4)滑坡体的长度与前后缘的相对高程差和滑体平均坡度呈良好的线性关系。研究成果将为该地区严重的地质灾害防治提供基础地质依据。 相似文献
2.
万(州)-梁(平)高速公路K34～K59段滑坡成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
成永刚 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2004,15(3):11-14,33
万(州)-梁(平)高速公路K34-K59段滑坡十分发育，是重庆境内滑坡灾害最为严重的一段。该区地质条件复杂，岩体中缓倾角结构面、软化夹层发育，在外界因素触发下，即可形成岩层向临空面松弛滑移的依附面。1999年12月-2003年9月，该路段发生滑坡灾害23处，增加工程投资2亿多元，对高速公路的建设造成很大的危害和威胁，并拖延了工期，给国民经济建设带来严重的影响和损失。文章依据工程地质勘察结果，从该滑坡的地质环境及变形特征分析，对其形成机制做了深入研究，为今后类似滑坡的防治提供参考。近年来，在高等级公路的建设中，线形要求严格，在山区及丘陵地区往往需要采用开挖方式通过，由于建设中的不合理工程活动，新滑坡的产生以及老滑坡的复活可能性大增。致使滑坡灾害日趋严重。通过对影响岩质路堑边坡稳定性因素分析，说明了这些影响因素与边坡稳定性的关系。文章认为特殊的地质构造及易滑地层的广泛分布，是滑坡大量出现的地质基础。大量降雨入渗，不合理的人为工程是滑坡的诱发因素。各种情况表明，在今后一定时期内，人类活动可能成为滑坡的主要影响因素。 相似文献
3.
甘肃天水等城镇和成兰交通廊道位于青藏高原东缘南北活动构造带中段,是中国东西部地质、地貌边界带,断裂活动性强,地震活动频繁。本文在区内地质资料收集分析和野外地质调查的基础上,从活动断裂、浅表层地质灾害、深埋隧道重大工程地质问题等角度,分析了甘肃天水等城镇和成兰交通廊道规划建设过程中可能遇到的工程地质问题,认为:研究区内对成兰铁路和甘肃天水等城镇具有重大影响的活动断裂带主要有15条,并对区域构造应力场具有重要影响,具有强震诱发背景;研究区内地质灾害极为发育,主要包括崩塌、滑坡和泥石流,地质灾害的发育分布受强降雨、地震和活动断裂影响大,并发育一系列古地震滑坡,部分崩塌和滑坡方量大,具有高位、高速远程等特征,已严重制约着城镇、铁路、公路等地面工程建设,危害严重;研究区内深埋长大隧道多且工程地质问题复杂,已经遇到并严重受高地应力、软岩大变形、涌水突泥和高地温等重大工程地质问题的影响,同时还存在活动断裂断错效应对深埋隧道和桥梁等重要工程设施的长期影响。针对上述工程地质问题,深入探讨了其发育分布规律,并提出了调查研究途径和解决办法,对区内重要城镇、重大工程规划建设具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
4.
三峡库区滑坡的时空分布特征与成因探讨 总被引：22，自引：7，他引：15
三峡库区地质灾害频繁发生,地质历史上大型滑坡广泛发育。近年库区滑坡灾害有逐年增加趋势。这些滑坡形成的堆积体成因复杂,不能单纯从传统的外动力或内动力作用来解释,给库区灾害的防治工程带来了很大困难。三峡库区大型古滑坡主要沿长江干流和支流的深切河谷两岸分布,与河流发育演化史密切相关。15万年以来,长江三峡地区经历了新构造期以来抬升速率最快的一次构造幕,山原期夷平面上升了100m,河流强烈下切,形成高陡岸坡,卸荷效应显著;同时,该时期三峡地区的气候受到青藏高原环境变化的影响,在间冰期可能存在相似的暖湿古气候环境,降水极为丰富。三峡库区的大型古滑坡在新构造快速抬升时期广泛发育,并且与暖湿多雨期相对应,表明库区滑坡的发育演化是新构造运动和气候变化内外动力耦合作用的结果。 相似文献
5.
The landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region,China and the effects of water storage and rain on their stability 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
According to the statistics, there were about 1,736 landslides with the total volume of 1.339 × 1011 m3 in the 100 km2 area of upper reaches of the Yangtze River, in which about 94% of landslides are triggered by rain and water storage. Thus,
based investigation of the results of the landslides in this region, this paper completed a systematic study on the effects
of rainfall and water storage on the landslides in the region and found that the distribution of landslides over time and
space are well correlated with the precipitation distribution in this region; landslides are also strictly controlled by the
stratum, geological structure, river valley form, shore type, etc. Meanwhile, the pattern of water table variation of the
three gorges reservoir will do have very serious impacts on the stability of the slopes in this region. All research results
show that water storage and rainfall are the two important inducing factors that can cause a lot of large-scale landslides.
Therefore, some effective control measures for water storage and rainfall should be taken so as to minimize the impacts of
water on the stability of the slopes in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Yangtze River, China. 相似文献
6.
Secondary geological hazard analysis in Beichuan after the Wenchuan earthquake and recommendations for reconstruction 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The Wenchuan earthquake, also known as 2008 Sichuan Earthquake, occurred along the Longmenshan fault zone on 12 May 2008 at
14:28:01.42 CST (06:28:01.42 UTC). It caused serious damage to structures in the region. Beichuan is a town which is within
these severely damaged areas. According to the earthquake intensity distribution map of 2008 Wenchuan earthquake officially
released by the China Earthquake Administration, the earthquake intensity in Beichuan was XI on the China seismic intensity
scale. As the earthquake occurred in a mountainous area, there were thousands of landslides, rockfalls, debris flows, and
surface ruptures triggered by the earthquake over a broad area. These secondary geological hazards substantially increased
the human, social and economic impact of the earthquake. This paper presents a post-earthquake analysis on the secondary geological
hazards in Beichuan. The risk analyses associated with construction of the National Earthquake Memorial Museum in Beichuan
are assessed and recommendations on risk mitigations for the mass reconstruction over the ruins are also provided based on
this field study. 相似文献
7.
2013年7月22日,中国甘肃省岷县漳县交界地区发生MS6.6级地震。地震触发了大量的滑坡,主要类型为小型的黄土崖崩、滑、倾,还有一些深层连贯型滑坡、大型土质流滑、侧向滑移等地震滑坡类型。本文主要基于地震滑坡野外考察与高分辨卫星影像人工目视解译方法,开展本次地震触发滑坡的编录图制作工作,并基于编录成果开展地震滑坡空间分布规律分析工作。滑坡编录结果表明此次地震至少触发了2330处滑坡。基于GIS平台下开展了地震滑坡与地形控制因子、地质控制因子与地震控制因子的关系统计。结果表明岷县漳县地震滑坡受地形因子的控制作用较小; 受地层岩性的控制作用较大。其中1401处滑坡(占总滑坡的60.13%)分布在下伏基岩为古近系下统地层(Eb)砾岩与砂岩的区域内,其中滑坡密度是所有地层分类中最高的,达到22.78个km-2。地震滑坡与PGA的统计关系并不明显。地震滑坡主要集中在一个与发震断层走向一致的长条形区域内,长约14km,宽约5km。该区域内滑坡数量为1864个,占所有滑坡数量的80%,表明了岷县漳县地震滑坡空间分布的密集特征。文章获得的基于地震事件的区域滑坡编录成果是后续地震滑坡相关科学研究的重要基础与核心数据; 空间分布规律分析成果可为地震区滑坡与泥石流防灾减灾提供科学参考。 相似文献
8.
Jorge A. Salinas-Jasso Juan C. Montalvo-Arrieta Eduardo Reinoso-Angulo 《Landslides》2018,15(4):783-795
Landslides caused by a low magnitude earthquake swarm (2.8?≤?M?≤?3.6) in 2012 were documented at the Santa Rosa Canyon in northeastern Mexico. Disrupted landslides from falls and slides, in both rocks and soils, were identified based on fieldwork and high-resolution satellite imagery along stream banks from natural cliffs and along the road cut in the epicentral area. Most of the landslides occurred on slopes greater than 40°, where geological features played a key role in triggering slope instabilities. The maximum distance limit for disrupted slides from the epicentral area was 7 km. The area affected by landslides during the early stage of the seismic sequence (July through August 2012) was 90 km2. Landslide identification was limited in some areas by the resolution of the satellite imagery and dense cloud coverage. Both the epicentral distance and the area affected by landslides are above the global bounds reported in literature. The final landslide inventory is the first documented case of earthquake-induced landslides in northeastern Mexico. 相似文献
9.
国道G316线天水市稍子坡滑坡群成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
吴玮江 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2003,14(2):19-23
国道316线天水稍子坡段(K2556—K2562)滑坡十分发育，是甘肃境内滑坡灾害最为严重的路段之一。特别是雨季或丰水年，滑坡活动频繁，对公路安全运营造成很大危害和威胁。1999年及2000年雨季该路段发生滑坡灾害15处，正在改建的公路路基30％被破坏，增加工程投资2000多万元，并拖延了工期。本区滑坡多为老滑坡的复活，具有发育密集、复活性强等特点。特殊的地质构造及易滑地层广泛分布，老滑坡的发育和独特的水文地质条件是该滑坡成群发育的地质基础。大量降水入渗，不合理的人为开挖和填方活动是滑坡的主要诱发因素。 相似文献
10.
澜沧江卡贡乡—如美镇段位于青藏高原东南部,具有海拔较高、河谷深切、地势起伏大、水力资源丰富的特点。该区域地质构造复杂,发育较多高位地质灾害隐患,严重影响下游水电站建设安全。为保证澜沧江下游水电站的安全建设,利用Stacking-InSAR技术探测澜沧江卡贡乡—如美镇段及其干流两侧5 km范围内的隐患点,获取研究区隐患点数量及分布特征,并选取典型隐患点,分析其在时间序列上的形变特征。结果表明: ①研究区内升轨、降轨影像共探测出崩滑隐患点149处,多具有坡体临空条件好、植被覆盖较少等特点,坡体表面多发育有冲沟,局部多发育浅层崩塌,受风化侵蚀较为严重,结构较为松散; ②研究区的隐患点类型主要为崩塌和滑坡,共探测出崩塌隐患54处,滑坡隐患95处; ③研究区滑坡隐患点坡体多发育有局部崩塌现象,且多处于匀速变形阶段,但视线向年均形变速率与累积形变量较大,坡体较不稳定,对澜沧江沿岸居民及下游水电站建设威胁较大。 相似文献
11.
Shuichi Hasegawa Ranjan Kumar Dahal Minoru Yamanaka Netra Prakash Bhandary Ryuichi Yatabe Hideki Inagaki 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(6):1423-1434
Geologically and tectonically active Himalayan Range is characterized by highly elevated mountains and deep river valleys.
Because of steep mountain slopes, and dynamic geological conditions, large-scale landslides are very common in Lesser and
Higher Himalayan zones of Nepal Himalaya. Slopes along the major highways of central Nepal namely Prithvi Highway, Narayangadh-Mugling
Road and Tribhuvan Highway are considered in this study of large-scale landslides. Geologically, the highways in consideration
pass through crushed and jointed Kathmandu Nappe affected by numerous faults and folds. The relict large-scale landslides
have been contributing to debris flows and slides along the highways. Most of the slope failures are mainly bechanced in geological
formations consisting phyllite, schist and gneiss. Laboratory test on the soil samples collected from the failure zones and
field investigation suggested significant hydrothermal alteration in the area. The substantial hydrothermal alteration in
the Lesser Himalaya during advancement of the Main Central Thrust (MCT) and thereby clay mineralization in sliding zones of
large-scale landslide are the main causes of large-scale landslides in the highways of central Nepal. This research also suggests
that large-scale landslides are the major cause of slope failure during monsoon in the Lesser Himalaya of Nepal. Similarly,
hydrothermal alteration is also significant in failure zone of the large-scale landslides. For the sustainable road maintenance
in Nepal, it is of utmost importance to study the nature of sliding zones of large-scale landslides along the highways and
their role to cause debris flows and slides during monsoon period. 相似文献
12.
我国黄土梁峁区历史强震频发,地震触发的滑坡等地质灾害是导致震后大量人员伤亡和财产损失的主要因素。1718年甘肃通渭7.5级地震在极震区附近诱发了300多处大规模滑坡,其中在甘谷县磐安镇（原永宁镇）地震使得“北山南移,覆压永宁全镇”,导致3万余人伤亡。以往的研究认为,该类地震滑坡是黄土沿古地形面的滑动,属于黄土滑坡。通过详细野外地质灾害调查,对通渭地震诱发滑坡的分布特征、灾害类型和失稳模式进行了研究;以研究区最大的滑坡——尉家湾巨型地震滑坡为典型案例,结合工程地质钻探,对该滑坡的深部结构特征进行了分析,并对其力学机制进行了探讨。研究发现,该类滑坡的滑动面主要位于下伏新近纪泥岩中,且深度大,属于一类典型的黄土-泥岩复合滑坡;这一新成果和发现能够更好地解译历史文献记载当时的地震滑坡现象。同时,新的成果和认识可以为我国西北黄土梁峁区河谷两岸具有类似地质地貌条件的城镇在强震作用下的地震滑坡早期识别提供参考和启示。 相似文献
13.
高原山区地质灾害是交通线路最大的危害,而有效避险的关键是掌握沿途地质灾害发生的工程地质条件内因及诱导因素。本文以川西阿坝州高原山区金小公路沿线带状区域内的滑坡、崩塌为研究对象,以地理、地质、气象、遥感资料和实地调查为基础,运用空间分析和数理统计方法,对其形成的影响因素进行了系统研究。结果表明:（1）金汤弧形褶皱形成的同时,区内软硬互层的炭质泥岩、粉砂质泥岩、粉砂岩的地层发生劈理化,喜山期构造运动及频繁的地震活动,加剧了岩石的破碎程度,为区内滑坡、崩塌提供了物源,并为高山峡谷地形地貌的塑造创造了有利条件;（2）区内6–9月份的集中降雨是诱发滑坡、崩塌的主要因素;（3）高山、峡谷、高角度斜坡等地形地貌以及公路建设中坡脚开挖为崩塌、滑坡等埋下了隐患;（4）季节性冻融作用加速了基岩风化破坏,对滑坡、崩塌的形成具有促进作用。 相似文献
14.
Mountain landslide has been an environmental geological problem and occurs frequently in China, especially in the karst region
of Guizhou Province, Southwest China. The data of karst mountain landslide are collected and analysed, which occurred in the
period of 1940–2002. The collection includes 321 events in the karst region of Guizhou Province. The characteristics of mountain
landslides may be classified as two types, namely natural mountain landslides (287 events) and the other induced by human
activities (34 events). The results indicate that natural mountain landslide causes especially high damage and is still the
main type of natural hazard in the study area owing to the extremely fragile karst geological environment. 相似文献
15.
川藏铁路是我国正在规划建设的重要铁路干线之一,是西部大通道的重要组成部分。该铁路线横跨扬子板块、川滇地块、羌塘地块和拉萨地块等大地构造单元,在复杂的地质构造背景条件下,川藏铁路沿线活动断裂、地震和地质灾害极为发育,严重制约着川藏铁路的规划建设。在野外地质调查、钻探、地应力测量和室内测试分析的基础上,对川藏铁路规划建设中可能遇到的活动断裂、高地应力、高地温、岩爆和地质灾害等主要环境工程地质问题进行了论述分析,认为：川藏铁路沿线及邻区发育有54条区域活动断裂,其中对铁路有直接重要影响的全新世活动断裂有17条;研究区内地震活动频繁,约有50%的规划线路位于地震动峰值加速度>02 g地区,部分地段>04 g,潜在地震风险大;铁路沿线主要的地质灾害类型为崩塌、滑坡和泥石流,地质灾害受活动断裂影响强烈,部分地段发育有高速远程滑坡;川藏铁路沿线构造应力场和地热场复杂,深埋隧道工程建设时容易发生岩爆、软岩大变形和高温热害等工程地质问题。 相似文献
16.
Analysis of the relationship of landslide occurrence with rainfall: a case study of Wudu County,China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Shibiao Bai Jian Wang Benni Thiebes Chen Cheng Yipeng Yang 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(4):1277-1285
Landslides are a significant hazard in many parts of the world and represent an important geohazard in China. Rainfall is the primary triggering agent for landslides and often used for prediction slope failures. However, the relationship between rainfall and landslide occurrences is very complex. Great efforts have been made on the study of regional rainfall-induced landslide forecasting models in recent years; still, there is no commonly accepted method for rainfall-induced landslide prediction. In this paper, the quantitative antecedent soil water status (ASWS) model is applied to investigate the influence of daily and antecedent rainfall on the triggering of landslides and debris flows. The study area is Wudu County in Gansu Province, an area which exhibits frequent landslide occurrences. The results demonstrate a significant influence of high intensity rainfall events on landslide triggering. Still, antecedent rainfall conditions are very important and once a threshold of approximately 20 mm is exceeded, landslides and debris flows can occur even without additional rainfall. The study presented could also facilitate the implementation of a regional forecasting scheme once additional validation has been carried out. 相似文献
17.
滑坡预警判据初步研究--以三峡库区为例 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15
在三峡库区典型地段滑坡灾害调查评价和统计分析的基础上,结合典型滑坡变形发展的阶段性变形现象、标志和临界诱发因素分析,初步提出3个层次的滑坡预警预报判据27条,包括:(1)滑坡空间预测识别判据11条,主要用于滑坡或潜在危岩体空间识别和危险性区划,是滑坡空间预测的基本判据;(2)滑坡状态判据7条,主要用于滑坡单体稳定性评价的亚临界-临界状态预警判据,是滑坡状态预警判据系统的重要组成部分;(3)滑坡临界时间预报判据9条,主要用于单体滑坡剧烈变形或临滑预报,是滑坡时间预报研究的关键判据. 相似文献
18.
Rajinder Bhasin Eystein Grimstad Jan Otto Larsen Ashok K. Dhawan Rajbal Singh S. K. Verma K. Venkatachalam 《Engineering Geology》2002,64(4):351-368
Landslides and other mass movements are serious geo-environmental hazards in the Himalayas. Massive landslides killing tens of thousands of people with catastrophic damages have occurred in the Eastern Himalayan State of Sikkim, which shares common borders with Tibet, Nepal, and Bhutan. This paper describes the investigations carried out on recent landslides in Gangtok, Sikkim, India, with emphasis on the triggering mechanisms that have contributed to the release and creep of natural slopes in the region. It is believed that the intense rainfall in the region not only contributes to rapid erosion and weathering of the rock mass, but also increases the groundwater level that leads to reduction in the stability of natural slopes. A landslide instrumentation programme that includes placement of settlement pillars and piezometers is underway to predict the behaviour of landslides in the area. 相似文献
19.
近年来由于受极端强降雨天气的影响,宁镇地区山前缓坡发生多起中型-大型滑坡地质灾害,主要表现为间歇性蠕滑,规模较大,而滑移距离较小,一般小于30 m,该类滑坡严重威胁附近居民的生命和财产安全,造成巨大的经济损失和严重不良社会影响。为此,本文针对这一典型山前缓坡新型滑坡地质灾害,运用岩体结构控制论和优势面理论对其滑坡体地层结构及滑动机理进行研究,结果表明滑坡主要发生在山前缓坡地段,滑坡体具有特殊的地层结构及水文地质特性,受到强降雨作用时,在坡体内容易产生暂时性承压水,在其浮托力的作用下缓坡主要产生顶托破裂和剪切破坏,并随降雨产生间歇性蠕滑。 相似文献
20.
2010年玉树7.1级地震诱发滑坡特征及其地震地质意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2010年玉树7.1级地震造成了一系列次生地质灾害。笔者在玉树灾区地震地质灾害调查基础上,结合Quickbird高分辨率遥感影像数据和航片影像数据,以目视解译为主,共提取了542处地震滑坡,并首次发现了11处古地震滑坡。调查研究结果显示,玉树地震滑坡主要包括崩塌、狭义的滑坡和土溜等三种类型。其中地震崩塌占到了90%以上,按其物质成分可进一步划分为碎屑型崩塌、碎屑流型崩塌和岩崩等三类。地震滑坡的空间展布特征显示,该区80%以上的地震滑坡集中分布在以玉树活动断层为轴的长约95km、两侧宽2km的廊带区内,并与发震断层距离和宏观震中有很好的相关性,其高密度区与同震地表破裂的空间分段性也有很好的对应关系,体现出典型的走滑型发震断层的控灾特点。同时,还进一步分析了山体坡度、坡体形态、临空面高度和地层岩石与岩体完整度等因素对地震滑坡总体分布的影响。对古地震滑坡的初步研究发现,古地震滑坡的规模、期次和分布特征间接地反映出玉树断裂带在全新世期间曾发生过多次震级强度明显大于本次玉树7.1级地震的古地震事件,这为更深入探索玉树断裂带古地震事件提供了另一种重要的研究途径。此外,地震滑坡分布与地表破裂和极震区破坏程度之间的密切空间关系指示,地震滑坡也可以成为快速圈定宏观震中以及开展极震区地震烈度评价等方面的重要指标。 相似文献