共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Jinzhu Ma Feng Pan Jiahua He Lihua Chen Sujing Fu Bing Jia 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(7):1769-1782
The possible sources of water pollution and the evolution of water quality in the Malian River Basin of China’s Longdong Loess Plateau were studied based on chemical analysis. Concentrations of major chemicals in the river were related to the distance downstream from the source of the river and the surface water in the upstream had good quality, while the river from Southern Huanxian County to Qingcheng County was seriously polluted. Groundwater quality was generally good in the phreatic aquifer beneath the loess plateau, with bicarbonate and calcium dominant, but salinity was high and petroleum pollution was present in many parts of the study area. Both surface water and groundwater quality have declined rapidly during the past 20 years, leading to much of the water unsafe to drink and unsuitable for use in irrigation. The substances released into the water included industrial wastes, domestic sewage, organic and inorganic fertilizers, and pesticides, as well as a range of other substances that are harmful to humans. However, petroleum contamination caused by the oil industry in the Longdong oilfield is the largest source of pollution that infiltrates surface water and groundwater, leading to deterioration of water quality. It is recommended that oilfield management must be improved and the petroleum products and wastes must be disposed carefully to reduce the risk of further spills and pollution. 相似文献
2.
Yu. N. Gursky 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2017,72(6):424-435
The chemical composition of interstitial waters from several inland seas and or water system (NPWS) exposed to anthropogenic pollution was studied. The patterns of the distribution of pollution in the Dnieper–Bug Estuary, Gelendzhik Bay of the Black Sea and in the Alexandria’s Eastern Harbor of the Mediterranean Sea were found. Most of the contamination occurs in the upper layers of bottom sediments and near mouth zones. A significant role is played by secondary contamination related to the dissolution and accumulation of metals and nutrients in the interstitial water and their migration to the water column. The estuary factor of anthropogenic pollution takes center stage according to a factor analysis for the combined impacts of potentially mobile forms of metals in the Dnieper–Bug Estuary. Studies of the Lake Pyasino pollution near Noril’sk were carried out. 相似文献
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根据太湖水源水质富营养化现状和长江地表水源所处的地理位置,论述长江两侧地带系第四纪以来古长江河道沉积区,孔隙含水层厚度大、储存资源丰富、水质好,有江水天然补给条件,具备建设若干个江南、江北区域备用应急地下水源地的条件。建议开展沿江两侧地带备用应急水源地勘察评价,为长江三角洲地区应对地表水供水水源遭遇突发污染事件,提供备用应急地下水源,保障城乡居民饮用供水安全。 相似文献
4.
Fang-ting Wang Ke Bao Chang-sheng Huang Rui-ping Liu Wen-jing Han Cheng-yun Yi Long Li Yun Zhou 《China Geology》2022,5(1):171-184
Microplastic pollution has become an environmental issue of great concern owing to the persistence of microplastics and their potential adverse effects on biota.The Yangtze River is the longest river in China and the third-longest river in the world,and the microplastics in this river will affect the health of a large population living along with it.To ensure the survival safety of people,it is essential to plan ahead and investigate in advance in order to understand the microplastic pollution in the river and work out countermeasures.This paper reviews the literature concerning the microplastic pollution in the Yangtze River basin and analyzes the abundance,shapes,colors,and composition of microplastics in the water bodies and sediments in the trunk stream and main lakes of the Yangtze River.The results are as follows.Compared to other river basins in China and abroad,the microplastics in the Yangtze River basin have a moderate abundance and high spatial heterogeneity.Owing to the barrier effect of the Three Gorges Dam on microplastics,the abundance of microplastics in the Three Gorges Reservoir is generally an order of magnitude higher than that in other sections of the river.Most microplastics in the water bodies and sediments are less than 1 mm in size and are transparent and colorful.In terms of shapes,they are dominated by fibers,followed by fragments and films.In terms of composition,the microplastics in the source region of the Yangtze River are mainly composed of nylon and polyethylene,while the microplastics in the surface water from the lower reaches of the Jinsha River to the Yangtze River estuary are dominated by polypropylene and polyethylene.The microplastics are primarily derived from the secondary microplastics in the environment,and relatively intensive human activities increase the abundance of microplastics.These results serve as bases for understanding and preventing microplastic pollution in the Yangtze River. 相似文献
5.
为研究滹沱河冲洪积扇地区地下水硝酸盐污染机制,对滹沱河冲洪积扇地区地下水和地表水进行了采样监测,运用环境健康风险评价模型对研究区硝酸盐进行评价,采用水化学和多元统计方法研究了滹沱河冲洪积扇地区地下水硝酸盐污染问题。结果表明:研究区地表水NO-3污染较轻,NO-3均值为19.54 mg/L,所有水样均未超出我国地表水环境质量标准（45 mg/L）;但是,地下水已经受到了NO-3的严重污染,NO-3均值为75.84 mg/L,且有30.43%水样超出我国地下水质量标准（88. 6 mg/L）。研究区3个水文地质单元地下水硝酸盐的平均个人年健康风险分别为4.94×10-8、1.99×10-8和2.61×10-9,低于国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）推荐的最大可接受风险水平（5.0×10-5/a）,因此,认为不会对人群构成严重危害。水文地质单元和地下水埋深对硝酸盐污染有显著影响,但是,土地利用类型对硝酸盐浓度的影响不显著。滹沱河冲洪积扇地区地下水硝酸盐的主要污染来源是生活污水和化肥。此外,强烈开采地下水也是该地区NO-3污染的诱因。 相似文献
6.
Rui Zuo Xiaojuan Chen Xianbo Li Dan Shan Jie Yang Jinsheng Wang Yanguo Teng 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(17):629
Nitrogenous pollutants from intense human activities have become serious environmental and health problems worldwide, particularly in groundwater source areas used for public water supply. To investigate the genesis and pollution risks associated with elevated concentrations of ammonium nitrogen in a groundwater source area, investigations were undertaken in the Jinji groundwater source area, located in an arid loess plain in northwestern China where 16 groundwater samples were collected from an aquifer used for water supply. The investigation indicated that high concentrations of ammonium nitrogen originated mainly from: infiltration of water from the Yellow River; livestock; and the discharge of industrial wastes. Measured parameters including pH, the permanganate index and the oxidation reduction potential could be used as important indicators of the genesis of ammonium nitrogen. A modified DRTCLN model was applied to the observed distribution of ammonium nitrogen to assess pollution risk of regional groundwater. The model was optimized by rebuilding the index system, and the analytic hierarchy process was used to calculate the rating scale of each index. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to analyze the uncertainty of results of the risk assessment. The result showed that the risk value is relatively low in most areas of the groundwater source area. Only an industrial area in the southwestern part of the groundwater source area was classified as high risk; it should be the key factor of pollution control. 相似文献
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铜陵矿区主要河流水质分析与污染评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
铜陵矿区是长江下游重要的铜铁资源基地,也是典型的含硫多金属矿区,矿山酸性废水是矿业开发活动不可避免的环境问题,对地表水体有很大影响。本文以铜陵矿区主要河流为研究对象,通过野外调查采样和室内测试分析,从常规理化性质、矿山酸性废水和重金属元素三方面分析了的水质现状,采用单因子指数和内梅罗水质指数法进行了污染评价。结果表明:(1)矿区河流污染成分以有机污染和矿山酸性废水污染为主,其次是重金属污染。(2)在检测的46个河段中, 按综合污染指数大小分级,共计有93.48%的河段受到不同程度的污染,其中,水质严重污染的河段占 4.35%,水质重污染的河段占13.04%,水质污染的河段占 65.22%,水质轻污染的河段占10.87%;共计有6.52%的河段水质较好,均为清洁状态。(3)3条河流按污染程度大小依次为新桥河>顺安河>红星河,除顺安河外,其他均受到了矿山酸性废水污染。今后应重点关注矿山酸性废水的污染机理与风险评估,加强矿区水环境保护与恢复治理工作。 相似文献
10.
Zhongwu Li Yong Fang Guangming Zeng Jianbing Li Qi Zhang Qingshui Yuan Yamei Wang Fangyi Ye 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(1):101-107
Selecting the Liuyanghe River watershed as an example, using monitoring data of water quality of nearly 10 years and the improved
synthesis pollution index method to evaluate the water quality, the research studied the temporal and spatial characteristics
of surface water quality of a typical basin in the red soil hilly region, and analyzed reasons for the surface water quality
change. The results indicated the improved synthesis pollution index had a better serviceability than other methods, such
as, Pollution Index method, Fuzzy Evaluation method, Grey-System method etc. As for the temporal characteristic, because of
no-point source pollution, the water quality of Liuyanghe River watershed had become a more and more serious problem over
a ten-year period. The spatial characteristic indicated that the pollution degree increased from upstream to downriver. Water
quality upstream was better, and the content of the heavy metals was higher in the middle of the river, and the pollution
of ammonia nitrogen intensified downriver. The result suggested the improved universal pollution index could be used in the
assessment of the water environment. 相似文献
11.
祁连山黑河源区八一冰川-黄藏寺段河水水文地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黑河源区河水水文地球化学特征的研究有助于了解黑河源区河水沿流域水质变化概况,对黑河源区生态环境的保护具有积极意义。以黑河源区干流为研究对象,对河水进行取样检测,结果显示：河水化学组成以K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+和Cl-、NO3-、HCO3-、SO42-为主。通过聚类分析、舒卡列夫分类和Piper三线图分析发现主要离子中,阳离子主要来源于石灰岩风化产物,SO42-主要来源于蒸发岩矿物风化产物和人类活动,HCO3-主要来源于纯碳酸盐风化产物。通过对重金属污染调查发现,V、Co、Cu、Pb、Cr、Mn和Zn含量较高,矿山开采是重金属污染的主要来源。 相似文献
12.
滦河流域沉积物中重金属分布特征及风险评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
沉积物作为重金属污染物的源和汇,对水环境有着至关重要的影响.为了全面了解滦河沉积物中重金属污染现状,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对滦河干支流沉积物中重金属含量进行了测定,分析了其空间分布,并采用潜在生态危害指数法对滦河沉积物进行了评价.结果表明:滦河沉积物中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd 和Pb的平均含量分别为60.40、26.15、48.07、76.42、0.30、25.55 mg/kg,其中Cu和Cd含量高于中国水系沉积物背景值.滦河干流的重金属含量空间分布自上游往下游呈逐渐增加趋势.潜在生态危害指数评价结果表明:不同重金属污染对滦河流域生态风险构成的危害由强至弱依次为:Cd＞Cu ＞Pb＞Cr＞ Zn,其中Cu、Pb、Cr和Zn为低生态危害等级,Cd以中等生态危害等级为主.总体上,滦河沉积物重金属处于中等生态危害等级,干流大黑汀水库和支流瀑河宽域处于强生态危害等级. 相似文献
13.
M. Awad 《Environmental Geology》1997,33(1):54-60
Rapid population growth, urbanization expansion of rural settlements, industrial activity, intensively irrigated agriculture,
pesticides consumption, and continuous dumping of hazardous waste in the Amman-Zerqa Basin since 1967 are the major factors
threatening the quality of the environment. Thus, an environmental recommendation is proposed to protect the environment and
water resources in the study area. The chemical analysis of the springs in the study area showed salinity increasing with
time, which indicates water pollution affecting these springs. The laboratory analyses indicated that the quality of the treated
waste water of Khirbet Es-Samra Treatment plant conforms to the World Health Organization (WHO) standards from the chemical,
physical, and the microbiological point of view. Toxic elements such as cadmium identified in the surface water flow of the
basin are in concentrations higher than those recommended by WHO
Received: 30 January 1997 · Accepted: 30 June 1997 相似文献
14.
牛栏江—滇池补水工程是滇池流域及周边地区的水资源综合利用工程,是增加滇池生态环境水量,改善滇池水资源质量的重要工程,对于保障现代新昆明建设和云南省经济社会可持续发展具有重大战略意义。然而近年的监测结果表明,牛栏江流域水资源质量有下降趋势。在以往的研究中曾提出面源污染是主要污染源。通过研究,发现牛栏江水污染物以总磷(TP)为主,且主要集中在七星桥断面以上;总磷(TP)污染主要来自于工业排放。并据此提出水污染治理的水资源保护对策。水环境治理措施和水质监测结果验证了结果的可靠性。 相似文献
15.
地下水水质监测与评价 总被引：16，自引：5，他引：11
地下水由于分布广、水质好且开发费用低而成为全世界重要的供水水源。中国北方生活供水的一半来自地下水,地下水也是干旱期重要的农业灌溉水源。然而,地下水水质日益面临来自农业、工业和城市污染源的威胁。地下水水质监测是评价水质状况最可靠的方法,并可作为供水水源保护的早期预警系统。它为水管理部门和水用户提供可靠的科学数据以便更好地管理和保护地下水资源。世界上正在执行两个巨大的地下水质监测和评价项目:一个是欧盟的水框架计划;另一个是美国的国家水质评价计划。文章评述了地下水水质监测的现状,介绍了地下水易污性评价、地下水污染源分级和地下水污染风险评价的方法。地下水易污性分区图是土地利用规划和供水水源保护的基础。地下水污染源分级结果为污染源治理提供了优先顺序。地下水污染风险分区图圈划出地下水污染的高风险区,为地下水资源保护和地下水污染监测提供重要的依据。 相似文献
16.
J. Bai Z. Shen T. Yan 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(7):1723-1730
Pathogenic bacteria are a serious public health concern. Exposure to these microorganisms can result in illnesses or even death. Therefore, it is important to control pathogenic bacteria sources, transport mechanisms and fate. Best management practices proved to be very effective in the control of non-point source pollution. In this study, the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) was modified and used to simulate the fecal coliform in Chao River of Miyun Reservoir watershed, China. The model was then used to explore the effectiveness of vegetative filter strips (VFS) in reducing fecal coliform abundance throughout the watershed. The water temperature equation within the SWAT was modified to align the model more closely with the characteristics of the study area and generate a more accurate simulation. The DAFSratio (20, 50, 80, 120 and 150) and DFcon (0.25, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.75) parameters were considered for VFS to see their effects on removal efficiency. The results show that calibration and validation results for fecal coliform and flow can be accepted. Different values for DAFSratio and DFcon have great influence on VFS. Increasing values resulted in a decrease in the removal efficiency of VFS. 相似文献
17.
北京郊区地表水中有机氯农药残留水平及特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
有机氯农药滴滴涕(DDT)、六六六(HCH)等化学性质非常稳定,很难生物降解,对环境及人类健康构成了严重威胁。尽管我国从1983年起已禁止使用,但现在的土壤、水等环境样品中仍有不同程度的检出。水资源是自然环境的主要组成要素,又是农业生产的重要自然资源。以往已有学者对北京部分河流地表水中有机氯农药残留进行过研究,发现存在不同程度水体污染。近年来,经过各方大力控制水体污染和环境治理,北京地区地表水中仍有有机氯农药残留,其残留现状是人们十分关心的重要问题。因此本文选择北京郊区为研究区域,采集了温榆河、北运河、延庆、房山、昌平、顺义等地区地表水,分析了水体中DDTs和HCHs污染物的含量以及分布情况,结果表明DDTs、HCHs在北京郊区地表水中均有不同程度的检出,DDTs含量为ND~1398 ng/L,HCHs含量为387~14642 ng/L。本文同时研究了DDT与其代谢产物DDE、DDD的组成比例以及HCH同分异构体的组成特征,对北京郊区地表水中DDTs和HCHs的污染来源进行了简要分析。 相似文献
18.
Providing clean and good quality water is essential for sustaining human health and life, and for ensuring the preservation of ecosystems. The purpose of this paper is to identify the chemical and microbiological characteristics of drinking water source of Cankiri City (as raw and purified) and tap water samples of central Cankiri and its towns. The water quality in Cankiri Province was evaluated by comparing these parameters with permissible limits set by Turkish legislation and World Health Organization (WHO). Raw and purified water samples were analyzed for chemical and microbiological qualities, trace metal, pesticide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), trihalomethane (THM), and benzene contents. These analyses indicated that the parameters exceeded those of the Turkish legislation (phenolic substance, biochemical O2 demand, Mn, Se, fecal coliform) and the WHO guidelines (pH, phenolic substance, Cd, Se, fecal coliform). In this study, tap water samples were also collected from 50 sampling sites from central Cankiri and its towns during 2010. In these samples, chemical characteristics (bromide, free chlorine, nitrate and nitrite), carbamate, herbicide and fungicide contents, and microbiological contaminants were investigated. In the tap water samples, it was found that free chlorine concentrations exceeded the Turkish guidelines. Escherichia coli, total coliform and enterococci were used as indicators of possible sewage contamination due to inappropriate water distribution. Our results also indicated that significant microbiological contaminations in the tap water samples were above the guidelines for drinking water given by the Turkish legislation and WHO, and might pose a health risk. This investigation of drinking water samples of the Cankiri Province would point to the need of a new drinking water treatment strategy to ensure the safety of consumers. 相似文献
19.
目前针对喀斯特山区及平原过渡带天然河流硝酸盐的来源识别与追踪的研究鲜有报道,也较少考虑湿润气候区反季节性干旱气候特征对硝酸盐迁移规律的影响.以汉江二级支流泉水河流域为例,分析了从源头喀斯特地区、中间过渡区、平原区地表水和地下水硝酸盐含量及组成的空间变化,采用氮氧同位素识别地表水和地下水硝酸盐来源,利用SIAR模型定量计算各污染源的贡献率.结果表明:土壤有机氮、污水粪便、化肥和大气沉降对地下水硝酸盐来源贡献占比分别为31.4%、20.0%、29.6%和19.0%,对地表水硝酸盐来源的比例分别为32.0%、30.0%、25.0%和13.0%,污水粪便对地表水硝酸盐贡献比例较地下水增高;坝上水样因水体较大,自净能力较强,受污水粪便的影响很小（仅为9.0%）,坝上水样硝酸盐土壤有机氮、大气沉降和化肥的贡献占比分别为43.0%、11.0%和37.0%.枯水期河水主要由地下水缓慢补给,无地表径流汇入,土壤有机氮为河流主要的硝酸盐来源,河流中下游更易受人类活动影响,生活污水和化肥对河流硝酸盐贡献增大. 相似文献
20.
In this paper, the surface water quality of the Sakarya River in Turkey is assessed by using multivariate statistical techniques.
These techniques were applied to the chemical parameters obtained from the five different surface water quality observation
stations. Factor and principal component analysis results reveal that the agricultural, anthropogenic and domestic pollution
caused differences in terms of water quality. Cluster analysis revealed two different clusters of similarities between the
stations, reflecting different chemical properties and pollution levels in the studied river. Surface water quality downstream
of the river was different from the water quality upstream. Thus, this study shows the usefulness of multivariate statistical
techniques for analysis and interpretation in the surface water quality problem. 相似文献