首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
周放  孙照渤  许小峰  施健 《气象学报》2014,72(3):447-464
采用1961—2010年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,NOAA海表温度资料和中国国家气候中心整编的中国东部387站逐日降水资料,分析了中国夏季暴雨日数的分布特征及其与大气环流和海温的可能关系。结果表明:(1)近50年中国东部夏季暴雨日数经历了3次年代际变化,先后发生在20世纪70年代中后期、90年代初以及21世纪初。(2)根据经验正交函数(EOF)分析主模态的空间分布型,结合聚类分析的方法,将中国东部夏季暴雨日数主要分为6种类型:渤海型、北方型、淮河型、长江型、南方型、南方和北方两支型。该分型对实际暴雨日数分布具有较好的代表性。(3)分析中国东部夏季暴雨日数不同分布型的环流场特征,结果表明暴雨日数的分布类型与东亚夏季风密切相关,渤海型和北方型分布对应季风位置偏北,淮河型和长江型分布对应季风位置偏南,南方型分布时季风位置更加偏南,当暴雨日数呈现南方和北方两支型分布时,季风较强,影响中国东部大部分地区。(4)分析中国东部夏季暴雨日数不同分布型的水汽输送特征,结果表明,影响中国东部夏季不同暴雨日数分布型的水汽输送与西太平洋的异常反气旋式环流密切相关,形成暴雨的水汽更多来自于西太平洋。(5)分析中国东部夏季暴雨日数不同分布型的海温场特征,结果表明,渤海型和北方型暴雨日数多发生在拉尼娜发展或者维持时期;淮河型和长江型暴雨日数多发生在厄尔尼诺维持或者衰减时期;南方型暴雨日数多发生在厄尔尼诺发展时期;而当暴雨日数呈现出南方和北方两支型时,整个太平洋和北印度洋大部分地区均呈现出偏冷的状态,海、陆热力差异显著。  相似文献   

2.
The second EOF(EOF2) mode of interannual variation in summer rainfall over East China is characterized by inverse rainfall changes between South China(SC) and the Yellow River-Huaihe River valleys(YH).However,understanding of the EOF2 mode is still limited.In this study,the authors identify that the EOF2 mode physically depicts the latitudinal variation of the climatological summer-mean rainy belt along the Yangtze River valley(YRRB),based on a 160-station rainfall dataset in China for the period 1951-2011.The latitudinal variation of the YRRB is mostly attributed to two different rainfall patterns:one reflects the seesaw(SS) rainfall changes between the YH and SC(SS pattern),and the other features rainfall anomalies concentrated in SC only(SC pattern).Corresponding to a southward shift of the YRRB,the SS pattern,with above-normal rainfall in SC and below-normal rainfall in the YH,is related to a cyclonic anomaly centered over the SC-East China Sea region,with a northerly anomaly blowing from the YH to SC;while the SC pattern,with above-normal rainfall in SC,is related to an anticyclonic anomaly over the western North Pacific(WNP),corresponding to an enhanced southwest monsoon over SC.The cyclonic anomaly,related to the SS pattern,is induced by a near-barotropic eastward propagating wave train along the Asian upper-tropospheric westerly jet,originating from the mid-high latitudes of the North Atlantic.The anticyclonic anomaly,for the SC pattern,is related to suppressed rainfall in the WNP.  相似文献   

3.
The characteristics of moisture transport over the Asian summer monsoon region and its relationship with summer precipitation in China are examined by a variety of statistical methods using the NCEP/NC AR reanalysis data for 1948-2005.The results show that:1) The zonal-mean moisture transport in the Asian monsoon region is unique because of monsoon activities.The Asian summer monsoon region is a dominant moisture sink during summer.Both the Indian and East Asian monsoon areas have their convergence cente...  相似文献   

4.
诊断分析了北半球夏季来自印度季风的水汽输送与东亚上空水汽输送的关系，发现二者之间具有反相变化的特征。印度季风水汽输送偏强（偏弱）时，东亚上空的水汽输送偏弱（偏强），长江中下游降水偏少（偏多）。印度夏季风水汽输送与西太平洋副热带高压强度有显著的相关关系，印度季风水汽输送偏强（偏弱）时，西太平洋副热带高压强度偏弱（偏强），由此导致副高西侧东亚上空向北的水汽输送减弱（增强），使得长江中下游降水偏少（偏多）。对反映热带对流活动的外逸长波辐射（OLR）的分析表明，印度洋上空的对流加热异常不仅能够显著地影响印度季风，也可能对东亚季风产生直接的影响。  相似文献   

5.
本文通过多套观测与再分析降水资料的比较,分析了雅鲁藏布江流域夏季降水的特征,从水汽含量与水汽输送的角度检验了雅鲁藏布江水汽通道的特点,研究了流域夏季降水的年际变化及其原因。分析表明:（1）该流域夏季降水大值位于雅鲁藏布江出海口至大峡谷一带,观测中流域平均降水可达5.8 mm d-1。不同资料表现的降水空间分布一致,但再分析降水普遍强于观测,平均为观测的2倍左右。（2）该流域夏季的水汽主要来自印度洋和孟加拉湾的偏南暖湿水汽输送,自孟加拉湾出海口沿布拉马普特拉河上溯至大峡谷,即雅鲁藏布江水汽通道。水汽收支诊断表明,夏季流域南部（即水汽通道所在处）是水汽辐合中心,流域平均的辐合约9.5 mm d-1,主要来自风场辐合与地形坡度的贡献。（3）不同再分析资料表现的流域降水和水汽分布特征总体一致,但量值差异较大。NCEP（美国国家环境预报中心）气候预报系统再分析资料CFSR、日本气象厅再分析资料JRA-25较欧洲中期天气预报中心再分析ERA-Interim资料更适于研究该流域（青藏高原东南部）的水汽特征,因为后者给出的流域降水和水汽偏强。（4）近30年该流域夏季降水无显著趋势,以年际变率为主。年际异常的水汽辐合（约为气候态的35.4%）源自异常西南风导致的局地水汽辐合（纬向、经向辐合分别贡献了16.5%、83.5%）,地形作用很小。流域夏季降水的年际变化是由印度夏季风活动导致的异常水汽输送造成的,其关键系统是印度季风区北部的异常气旋（反气旋）式水汽输送。  相似文献   

6.
程智  高辉  曹勇 《大气科学》2018,42(6):1363-1377
基于1961~2016年淮河流域172个测站逐日降水资料,分析了淮河夏季降水的多时间尺度变率,发现其具有显著的准两年周期,1990年代以来亦呈现出明显的年代际变化。EOF分析结果显示,淮河夏季降水的异常主要表现为全流域一致偏多或偏少型（第一模态）,其方差贡献高达37%。相比于长江中下游地区,淮河夏季降水与东亚500 hPa位势高度场上的EAP遥相关型关系很弱,但和对流层低层西南水汽输送有更好的对应关系,表现为从索马里半岛至淮河流域的多个正负交替的相关波列。这一波列表明当索马里越赤道气流加强时,通过热带印度洋西风的纽带作用加强了进入淮河流域的西南暖湿气流,并在淮河上空低层形成水汽辐合,造成淮河多雨,反之当索马里越赤道气流强度弱时,淮河夏季降水偏少。索马里越赤道气流和中国台站降水的空间相关同样显示出最显著的相关区位于淮河流域。进一步的分析发现,研究时段内二者关系并非稳定维持,而是表现出显著的年代际变化,近二十年来索马里越赤道气流对淮河流域夏季降水的影响明显增强,且在季节预测上的指示意义也在增强。这一增强的可能原因是索马里越赤道气流与流域南侧的经向水汽输送和西侧的纬向水汽输送的关系均发生了年代际反转,并且这两条水汽输送带对流域夏季降水的影响发生了年代际增强。  相似文献   

7.
利用NCEP/NCAR 1979-2009年月平均风场资料,用质量流函数来定义东亚副热带的经圈环流指数,分析夏季(6-8月)东亚副热带经圈环流特征.结果表明,夏季东亚地区受反Hadlev环流影响,表现出与全球平均经圈环流不同的特征,用指数表征的东亚副热带经圈环流强度存在明显的年际和年代际变化.另外,利用相关性及水汽通量...  相似文献   

8.
东亚海陆热力差指数及其与环流和降水的年际变化关系   总被引：32，自引：3，他引：32  
利用 196 1～ 1999年海温和地温月平均资料 ,定义了一个海陆热力差指数 ,来表示东亚季风环流的纬向和经向海陆热力差异的变化强度 ,研究了夏季指数与东亚夏季风环流场和中国东部夏季降水的年际变化关系。结果表明 :(1)海陆热力差指数可用来表示东亚夏季风的强弱变化。强指数年东亚季风区低空西南夏季风气流和高层的东风气流明显偏强 ,表明这一年夏季风偏强 ,弱指数年反之。 (2 )海陆热力差指数能较好地反映东部季风区夏季降水的异常状况。强指数年 ,雨带偏北 ,江淮流域和长江中下游明显干旱 ,华南、华北降水偏多 ,弱指数年反之。这一降水异常特征可以从强弱海陆热力差指数年的环流场得到解释。 (3)海陆热力差指数所反映的东亚夏季风具有明显的准 2a和 3～ 6a周期的年际振荡 ,但其振幅和周期具有显著的年代际异常  相似文献   

9.
我国东、西部夏季水汽输送特征及其差异   总被引：11，自引：6，他引：5  
黄荣辉  陈际龙 《大气科学》2010,34(6):1035-1045
本文利用ERA-40再分析每日资料分析了我国东部季风区与西北干旱—半干旱区夏季1971～2000年气候平均的水汽输送特征及其差异, 分析结果表明我国东部季风区与西北干旱—半干旱区夏季气候平均的水汽输送特征有明显的差异。由于亚洲夏季风从孟加拉湾、 南海和热带西太平洋输送大量水汽到我国东部季风区, 故在东部季风区夏季经向水汽输送通量比纬向水汽输送通量大。而西北干旱—半干旱区受中纬度西风带的影响, 夏季纬向水汽输送通量比经向水汽输送通量大, 且此区域夏季无论纬向或者经向水汽输送通量均比东部季风区的水汽输送通量小一量级。并且, 分析结果还表明: 我国东部季风区由于湿度大, 故夏季水汽输送通量的散度不仅依赖于湿度平流, 而且依赖于风场的辐合、 辐散, 而西北干旱—半干旱区夏季水汽输送通量的散度主要依赖于湿度平流。此外, 分析结果还表明了我国东部季风区的水分平衡与西北干旱—半干旱区的水分平衡也有明显的不同。  相似文献   

10.
南海季风爆发的年代际转折与东亚副热带夏季降水的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
利用1979—2016年NCEP再分析资料, 分析了南海季风爆发的年代际转折与东亚副热带夏季降水的关系。结果表明:南海夏季风爆发时间在1993/1994年出现年代际转变, 1979—1993年爆发时间相对偏晚, 夏季华南降水偏少, 长江中下游至日本南部降水偏多; 1994—2016年爆发时间偏早, 夏季华南降水偏多, 长江中下游到日本南部降水偏少。南海季风爆发时间年代际转折与夏季东亚副热带降水关系可能受到菲律宾越赤道气流强度的调控, 季风爆发时间与菲律宾越赤道气流有显著正相关, 且均在1993/1994年间存在年代际转变。在1994—2016(1979—1993)年南海夏季风爆发偏早(晚), 菲律宾越赤道气流偏弱(强), 澳大利亚北部有偏北(南)风异常, 将暖池的热量往赤道输送, 使得赤道对流增强(减弱), 产生异常上升(下沉)运动汇入Hadley环流上升支, 增强(减弱)的Hadley环流导致下沉主体偏北(南), 促使副高脊线偏北(南), 从西北太平洋(孟加拉湾)往华南地区(江淮到日本南部)输送水汽增强, 所以华南(江淮到日本南部)夏季降水偏多。   相似文献   

11.
东亚夏季降水的异常与水汽输送的变异密切相关。基于1958—2016年资料,研究了夏季东亚季风区经向水汽输送的主要变异特征及其对东亚夏季极端降水的影响。经向水汽输送的第一主变异模态表现出中国东部和西北太平洋上的水汽经向输送呈现反向异常,以年际变化为主。当中国东部向北输送的水汽增强(减弱)而西北太平洋向北输送减弱(增强),则中国东部大范围的极端降水量及频次增加(减少)。该模态与西太(西太平洋)副高西伸(东撤)有关,并主要受到热带中东印度洋海温的影响。第二变异模态以年代际变化为主兼有年际变化,表现在1980年后中国东部及邻近海域上空的经向水汽输送减弱,使得环渤海地区和华南沿海的极端降水量及频次减少而长江上、下游和贵州的极端降水量及频次增加。该模态与西太副高的减弱有关,并受到热带西太海温年代际增温的影响。第三变异模态以年际变化为主兼有年代际变化,反映中国长江以北地区和日本南部及附近区域的经向水汽输送的反相变化结构。长江以北水汽输送减弱(增强),可导致华北、东北的极端降水量及频次减少(增加)和长江下游及江南地区的极端降水量及频次的减少(增加)。该模态主要受欧亚大陆上空中高纬度纬向遥相关波列和热带印太（印度洋太平洋）海温异常的影响。   相似文献   

12.
This paper proposes an index of land-sea thermal difference(ILSTD)that describes its zonal and meridional strength responsible for East Asian monsoon circulation to study its relation to the East Asian monsoon circulation and the summer rainfall over China on an interannual basis.Results are as follows:(1)ILSTD can be used to measure the strength of East Asian summer monsoon in such a way that the strong(weak)ILSTD years are associated with strong(weak)summer monsoon circulation.(2)The index also reflects well summer rainfall anomaly over the eastern part of China.In the strong index years,rain belt is mainly located over the northern China,and serious drought emerges in the Jianghuai valleys and mid-lower reaches of the Changjiang River,along with increase of rainfall in North and South China,but in the weak years it is contrary.(3)Besides,the index has obvious QBO and quasi 4-year oscillations,but the periods and amplitudes have significant changes on an interdecadal basis.  相似文献   

13.
This paper proposes an index of land-sea thermal difference(ILSTD)that describes its zonal andmeridional strength responsible for East Asian monsoon circulation to study its relation to the EastAsian monsoon circulation and the summer rainfall over China on an interannual basis.Results are asfollows:(1)ILSTD can be used to measure the strength of East Asian summer monsoon in such away that the strong(weak)ILSTD years are associated with strong(weak)summer monsooncirculation.(2)The index also reflects well summer rainfall anomaly over the eastern part of China.In the strong index years,rain belt is mainly located over the northern China,and serious droughtemerges in the Jianghuai valleys and mid-lower reaches of the Changjiang River,along with increaseof rainfall in North and South China,but in the weak years it is contrary.(3)Besides,the index hasobvious QBO and quasi 4-year oscillations,but the periods and amplitudes have significant changes onan interdecadal basis.  相似文献   

14.
The temporal variations during 1948-2010 and vertical structures of the summer Somali and Australia cross-equatorial flows(CEFs) and the implications for the Asian summer monsoon were explored in this study.The strongest southerly and northerly CEFs exist at 925 hPa and 150 hPa level,respectively.The low-level Somali(LLS) CEFs were significantly connected with the rainfall in most regions of India(especially the monsoon regions),except in a small area in southwest India.In comparison to the climatology,the lowlevel Australia(LLA) CEFs exhibited stronger variations at interannual time scale and are more closely connected to the East Asian summer monsoon circulation than to the LLS CEFs.The East Asian summer monsoon circulation anomalies related to stronger LLA CEFs were associated with less water vapor content and less rainfall in the region between the middle Yellow River and Yangtze River and with more water vapor and more rainfall in southern China.The sea-surface temperature anomalies east of Australia related to summer LLA CEFs emerge in spring and persist into summer,with implications for the seasonal prediction of summer rainfall in East Asia.The connection between the LLA CEFs and East Asian summer monsoon rainfall may be partly due to its linkage with El Nino-Southern Oscillation.In addition,both the LLA and LLS CEFs exhibited interdecadal shifts in the late 1970s and the late 1990s,consistent with the phase shifts of Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO).  相似文献   

15.
西北太平洋夏季风对中国长江流域夏季降水的影响   总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6  
刘芸芸  丁一汇 《大气科学》2009,33(6):1225-1237
利用1979～2005年NCEP/NCAR的环流场再分析资料和降水资料, 通过对季风期降水、 大气环流、 水汽输送及低频振荡等方面的分析, 分别从时间和空间上分析了西北太平洋夏季风与中国长江流域夏季降水的联系。结果表明:(1) 西北太平洋夏季风与中国长江流域夏季降水存在显著的负相关关系, 在西北太平洋夏季风强盛时, 副热带高压异常偏北, 其西侧的偏南气流异常偏弱, 使得我国长江流域形成低层异常环流及水汽输送的辐散区, 从而造成长江流域夏季降水偏少; 而在西北太平洋夏季风减弱的年份, 西太平洋副高异常偏南偏西, 在长江流域以南地区形成异常偏强的偏南风水汽输送, 使得长江流域成为南、 北距平风的汇合区, 其上空对流活动异常活跃, 非常有利于长江流域的降水。 (2) 东亚局地Hadley垂直环流在强、 弱季风年也显著不同, 在强季风年里, Hadley局地环流异常偏弱, 长江流域上空出现的下沉运动距平, 使得该地区降水减弱, 而弱季风年则正好相反。 (3) 西北太平洋夏季风存在显著的气候平均的大气季节内振荡 (CISO), 在西北太平洋夏季风减弱时期, 长江流域降水同时受到源自热带西北太平洋西传CISO和源自热带印度洋东传CISO的共同影响, 可能造成了某种锁相关系, 从而造成降水偏多; 而在强季风年里长江流域只受由西太平洋西传的CISO的影响, 不容易激发降水。  相似文献   

16.
Observations from several data centers together with a categorization method are used to evaluate the IPCC AR4 （Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the Fourth Assessment Report） climate models＇ performance in simulating the interdecadal variations of summer precipitation and monsoon circulation in East Asia. Out of 19 models under examination, 9 models can relatively well reproduce the 1979-1999 mean June-July-August （JJA） precipitation in East Asia, but only 3 models （Category-1 models） can capture the interdecadal variation of precipitation in East Asia. These 3 models are： GFDL-CM2.0, MIROC3.2 （hires）, and MIROC3.2 （medres）, among which the GFDL-CM2.0 gives the best performance. The reason for the poor performance of most models in simulating the East Asian summer monsoon interdecadal variation lies in that the key dynamic and thermal-dynamic mechanisms behind the East Asian monsoon change are missed by the models, e.g., the large-scale tropospheric cooling and drying over East Asia. In contrast, the Category-1 models relatively well reproduce the variations in vertical velocity and water vapor over East Asia and thus show a better agreement with observations in simulating the pattern of ＂wet south and dry north＂ in China in the past 20 years.
It is assessed that a single model＇s performance in simulating a particular variable has great impacts on the ensemble results. More realistic outputs can be obtained when the multi-model ensemble is carried out using a suite of well-performing models for a specific variable, rather than using all available models. This indicates that although a multi-model ensemble is in general better than a single model, the best ensemble mean cannot be achieved without looking into each member model＇s performance.  相似文献   

17.
This study documents the decadal changes of the summer precipitation in East China, with increased rainfall in the Huang-Huai River region (HR) and decreased in the Yangtze River region (YR) during 2000?C2008 in comparison to 1979?C1999. The main features of the atmospheric circulation related to the increased precipitation in the HR are the strengthened ascending motion and slightly increased air humidity, which is partly due to the weakened moisture transport out of the HR to the western tropical Pacific (associated with the weakened westerly over East Asia and the warming center over the Lake Baikal). The rainfall decrease in the YR is related to the weakened ascending motion and reduced water vapor content, which is mainly related to the weakened southwesterly moisture flux into the YR (associated with the eastward recession of the Western Pacific Subtropical High). The global sea surface temperature (SST) also shows significant changes during 2000?C2008 relative to 1979?C1999. The shift of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) to a negative phase probably induces the warming over the Lake Baikal and the weakened westerly jet through the air-sea interaction in the Pacific, and thus changes the summer precipitation pattern in East China. Numerical experiments using an atmospheric general circulation model, with prescribed all-Pacific SST anomalies of 2000?C2008 relative to 1979?C1999, also lend support to the PDO??s contribution to the warming over the Lake Baikal and the weakened westerlies over East China.  相似文献   

18.
The water vapor transport around the Tibetan Plateau(TP) and its effect on the rainfall in the Yangtze River valley(YRV) in summer are investigated by decomposing the moisture transport into rotational and divergent components.Based on the ERA-Interim and PREC/L(Precipitation Reconstruction over Land) data from 1985 to 2014,the vertically integrated features of the two components are examined.The results show that the divergent part dominates the western TP while the rotational part dominates the rest of the TP,implying that moisture may be mostly locally gathered in the western TP but could be advected to/from elsewhere over the rest of the TP.The divergent and rotational moisture fluxes exhibit great temporal variability along the southern periphery of the TP,showing sensitivity of water vapor to the steep topography there.Correlation analysis reveals that it is over the southeastern corner of the TP and to its south that a significant correlation between rotational zonal moisture transport and summer rainfall in the YRV appears,suggesting that the southeastern corner of the TP may serve as a moisture transport bridge between the South Asian(Indian) monsoon and the East Asian monsoon.Further composite analysis indicates that anomalous eastward(westward) zonal water vapor transport from the South Asian monsoon via the southeastern corner of the TP favors more(less) precipitation in the YRV in summer.  相似文献   

19.
1. IntroductionIt is known that droughts and floods result fromthe balance of water. Atmospheric water vapor notonly provides resources of water, but plays an impor-tant role in the water and heat cycle of climate sys-tem. IPCC (2001) pointed out that water cycle has anotable change on the background of climate change.Gutzler (1996) found that specific humidity at levelsof 1000, 700, and 300 hPa increases 3%-9% per decadeby using four sounding data in the western equato-rial Pacific. Howeve…  相似文献   

20.
黄荣辉  顾雷  陈际龙 《大气科学》2008,32(4):691-719
本文回顾了关于东亚季风系统的时空变化及其对我国气候异常影响的最近研究进展。许多研究说明,东亚季风系统无论风场的垂直结构、年循环或是水汽输送和降水特征都明显不同于南亚和北澳季风系统,它是亚澳季风系统中一个相对独立的季风系统。并且,研究结果表明了东亚季风系统有明显的时空变化:其中夏季风系统在年际时间尺度上存在着一个准两年周期振荡和具有极向三极子异常的空间分布特征,并从20世纪70年代中后期起至今发生了明显变弱的年代际变化,这个变化在华北尤其显著;而东亚冬季风在年际时间尺度上存在一个准四年周期振荡,从20世纪80年代中后期起也发生了明显变弱的年代际变化,它引起了我国的持续暖冬。进一步的研究还揭示了东亚季风系统的变异是与海–陆–气耦合系统变异及其相互作用密切相关,因而,东亚季风系统可以看成是一个大气–海洋–陆地的耦合气候系统,即称之为东亚季风气候系统。此外,本文还从上述东亚季风气候系统的年际和年代际变异提出了长江流域严重洪涝灾害发生的气候学概念模型和华北持续干旱的气候背景。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号