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热液流体中溶解态铁是海水原位测量的重要参数之一。本研究采用Ferene分光光度法,搭建流动注射分析系统,优化进样条件、显色条件,实现了热液流体中溶解态铁的在线测定。结果表明,测定Fe(II)时,Ferene、缓冲液浓度分别为8×10–3、0.4 mol/L,Ferene、样品流速分别为0.8、0.6 m L/min,显色盘管长度为40 cm时,方法的灵敏度、检测限最佳;测定Fe(III)时,Ferene、缓冲液、抗坏血酸浓度分别为1×10–2、0.5、0.01 mol/L,Ferene/抗坏血酸、样品流速均为1.0 m L/min,还原、显色盘管长度均为40 cm时,方法的灵敏度、检测限最佳。最佳实验条件下,Fe(II)、Fe(III)在0.2~10μmol/L和0.5~16μmol/L范围内,工作曲线回归方程分别为A=0.0834 C+0.0564(μmol/L,n=8,R2=0.997)和A=0.0478C+0.0423(μmol/L,n=8,R2=0.997)。Fe(II)、Fe(III)检测限分别为24、39 nmol/L,相对标准偏差分别为0.8%、1.2%(n=10),加标回收率为97.9%~103.0%。共存离子实验表明,流体中的Na+、Mn2+、Cu2+、Cu+不会对测量造成干扰。 相似文献
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用电生理学方法观察了4种不同浓度的高纯河豚毒素(tetrodotoxin,TTX)对蛙离体坐骨神经动作电位的影响.实验结果表明:1μmol/dm3TTX在给药后7 min能显著抑制动作电位的上相幅度(P<0.05),但在给药后10 min才显著抑制动作电位的下相幅度(P<0.01);20μmol/dm3TTX在给药后3 min内能完全抑制动作电位的形成.1μmol/dm3TTX在给药后1~5min对动作电位传导速度的影响没有统计学意义,5μmol/dm3TTX在5min时可显著抑制传导速度(P<0.05),而10μmol/dm3TTX在2min时便显著抑制传导速度(P<0.05).实验结果提示高纯河豚毒素对蛙离体坐骨神经动作电位的影响存在剂量效应关系. 相似文献
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运用极化曲线、电化学交流阻抗和失重等方法,研究了蛋氨酸对LY12铝合金在1 mol/LHCl溶液、20%CaCl2溶液和3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀抑制情况,并利用扫描电镜观察铝合金的腐蚀形貌.结果表明,铝合金在前述3种腐蚀介质中均发生不同程度的腐蚀,添加缓蚀剂蛋氨酸后,会不同程度地抑制铝合金的腐蚀.随着缓蚀剂浓度的增加,缓蚀效率增大,特别是在1 mol/L HCl溶液、20%CaCl2溶液中,当缓蚀剂浓度达到0.01 mol/L时缓蚀效率达到90%以上. 相似文献
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利用膜片钳技术之内面向外式,对培养2～24h不同类型的中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheirsinensis)血淋巴细胞表达的钙激活钾(KCa)通道进行种类鉴别和特征研究。结果表明:在高对称钾溶液(200mmol/L)中,只有小颗粒细胞表达大电导钙激活钾(BKCa)通道和中电导钙激活钾(IKCa)通道。其中BKCa通道电导为396pS,通道的开放活动表现为矩形方波。同一钳制电压下,当浴液中[Ca~(2+)]在0.3～3.0 μmol/L范围内,通道开放概率和开放数目随Ca~(2+)浓度增加而增加,当浴液中[Ca~(2+)]达到100.0 μmol/L,通道开放受到抑制,表现明显的钙依赖性失活;当浴液中Ca~(2+)浓度为3.0 μmol/L,钳制电压分别为-40mV和-80mV时,通道平均开放时间分别为(0.03233±0.00741)s和(0.05585±0.01299)s(P0.01),平均开放概率分别为0.596±0.125和0.961±0.012(P0.01),说明通道开放具有电压依赖性。IKCa通道电导为88pS,开放活动也表现为矩形方波。当浴液中Ca~(2+)浓度为0.3、1.0μmol/L时,通道不开放;而Ca2+浓度为3.0μmol/L时通道开放,说明通道具有明显的钙依赖性,钳制电压分别为-40mV和-80mV时,通道平均开放时间分别为(0.01736±0.00403)s和(0.02262±0.01616)s(P0.05),平均开放概率分别为0.699±0.065和0.790±0.114(P0.05),说明通道开放不具有明显的电压依赖性。药理学研究结果表明,40mmol/L四乙铵(TEA)灌流15min能完全阻断KCa通道活动。这提示钙激活钾通道在甲壳动物细胞免疫中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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用茶皂素对日本血吸虫中间宿主钉螺进行杀灭试验,初步结果表明,不同产地的茶皂素浸杀成螺、幼螺、蜾卵均有较好的杀灭效果。其中,茶皂素Ⅰ 2.5mg/L,茶皂素Ⅱ,Ⅲ 5.0mg/L,浸杀钉螺的效果均为100%。喷杀成蜾所需浓度较高,效果也稍差。茶皂素对淡水鱼类虽有一定的毒性,但比氯硝柳胺毒性低得多:茶皂素Ⅰ在1.6mg/L以下,茶皂素Ⅱ,Ⅲ在4.0mg/L以下,水温在28℃,48h,鲢鱼全部存活。茶皂素资源丰富,价格低廉,对环境无污染，是具有开发前景的植物杀螺剂。文中还对不同产地的茶皂素的毒性差异原因、使用浓度和方法进行了讨论。 相似文献
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不同营养盐条件下浒苔的生长 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
2008年6月青岛近海发生了大规模浒苔绿潮,现场取样后在实验室进行不同营养盐条件下浒苔的生长速率研究.结果显示,青岛近岸海水不添加营养盐的对照组,浒苔平均每天的相对增长率3.85%;按每次添加10 μmol/L和50 μmol/L的2个加N组,浒苔平均相对增长率几乎相等,分别为6.31%/d和6.32%/d;按每次添加1 μmol/L的加P组,浒苔平均相对增长率低于加N组的,为5.79%/d;按每次同时加20 μmol/L浓度的N和1 μmol/L浓度的P的实验组,浒苔平均相对增长率与单加N的实验组差别不明显.在加N、加P和加微量元素情况下,平均相对增长率最高,更换培养液的又比不更换培养液的实验组明显高,分别为7.75%/d和6.84%/d.各实验组浒苔最大相对生长率出现在第3天,除对照组外,平均可达27.57%/d.实验表明浒苔对N的需求很高,添加Fe,Mn等微量元素可明显促进浒苔的生长与繁殖. 相似文献
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无机氮浓度及其配比对细基江蓠繁枝变型生长及生化组成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在实验室条件下分别研究了NO3--N和NH4 -N浓度及其配比对细基江蓠繁枝变型(Gracilariatenuistipitatavar.liuiZhangetXia)生长及生化组成的影响。结果表明,过低的NO3--N浓度(0,10μmol/L)或过高的NO3--N浓度(60,80μmol/L)、过低的NH4 -N浓度(0,2.5μmol/L)或过高的NH4 -N浓度(10,20,40μmol/L)、过低的NH4 -N/NO3--N比值(1/35,1/7)或过高的NH4 -N/NO3--N比值(3/7,4/7)条件下,江蓠均表现为生长速率明显减慢(P<0.05)、藻体内藻红素(PE)、叶绿素a、蛋白质含量显著降低(P<0.05);而分别在NO3--N20μmol/L、NH4 -N5μmol/L、NH4 -N/NO3--N2/7(TIN20mol/L)的条件下,江蓠可获得最快生长速率和最高的PE、叶绿素a、蛋白质含量以及最低的碳水化合物/蛋白质比值。 相似文献
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三崎柱头虫副肌球蛋白溶解在0.6mol/L KCl(含0.01mol/L磷酸缓冲液,pH7.0)中,然后分别对0.1mol/L KCl(含0.01mol/L磷酸缓冲液,pH6.0),0.05mol/L MgCl_2,CaCl_2,BaCl_2(后三者均含0.05mol/L Tris-HCl,pH8.0)透析。副肌球蛋白的类晶体由于碱土金属离子不同而形成的形状亦有所不同。在电镜下观察到其类晶体或团聚体的轴周约72A。从SDS-聚丙烯(月先)胺凝胶电泳图形表明柱头虫副肌球蛋白与紫贻贝(Mytilus edulis)副肌球蛋白的迁移率基本一致。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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