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西藏地热资源异常丰富,属于地中海—喜马拉雅地热带的重要组成部分。地热系统最为典型的地球化学特征是大部分地热泉或与之相应的泉华沉积物超常富集B、Li、Rb、Cs等元素,具有重要的矿产资源意义。有关这些特征元素来源与水化学演化成因机制,长期存在争议,在理论上缺乏系统论述。本文基于多年野外考察与数据积累,以及对前人研究成果的系统总结,提出了西藏地热系统特征元素组合与富集成因模式,宏观板块构造与微观地球化学分布规律结合,揭示了其成因机制。数据综合分析表明,B、Li、Rb、Cs元素在空间上的分布富集规律总体具有同步性,主要集中分布于雅鲁藏布江缝合带与南北向断裂带交汇区的高温地热系统。B同位素、元素组合、水循环特征及大量地球物理证据表明物源受控于岩浆残余流体,水-岩作用难以作为唯一物源支撑地热系统如此大规模的特征元素超常富集。结论提出西藏地热系统超常富集的元素受控于板块俯冲碰撞、地壳局部重熔、重熔型岩浆流体分异演化、地下水深循环等一系列内外生地质耦合作用过程。本文对西藏地热系统元素超常富集成因机制的解释,有利于增强人们对高温地热系统除水资源与热能意义之外,也同时关注矿产资源价值,实现“水-热-矿”于一体的系统理解,也对未来正确评价地热水体或沉积物矿产资源价值有理论指导意义。 相似文献
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西藏地区位于欧亚板块与印度板块碰撞造山带,构造活动强烈,具有丰富的地热资源。本次研究在西藏阿里地区水热活动强烈的玛旁雍错地热田实地采集地表热泉样品进行水化学分析,依据地热水水化学特征,评估研究区热储平衡状态与热储温度,分析地热水在深部的水文地球化学过程,识别地热系统深部热源类型并阐明地热系统成因机制。通过此次研究表明：区内地热水主要为碱性Cl-Na型或HCO3-Cl-Na型水和酸性SO4-Na型水,地热水在深部已经与热储围岩达到完全平衡状态,通过地热温标计算热储温度在200℃左右;地热地表显示、热水水化学组分特征、热储温度类型等分析揭示玛旁雍错为岩浆热源型地热系统,地表不同类型地热水是深部母地热流体沿断裂向上运移过程中经不同水文地球化学过程形成。 相似文献
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喜马拉雅山南地区拥有丰富的地热资源。开展地热水和钙华成因机制的研究,有助于了解地热资源特征和古气候变迁信息,对丰富山南地热资源的系统性研究和青藏高原气候环境变化研究均具有重要理论意义。本文以喜马拉雅东段山南地区的邛多江、古堆和曲卓木的三个温泉为研究对象,通过采集温泉地热水和钙华数据,综合分析了地热水水-岩作用特征、热储温度估算、补给来源追溯和温泉钙华的成因类型、形成年代、古气候意义等。结果表明：邛多江温泉的水化学类型为HCO3·Cl-Na·Ca型;古堆日若沸泉的水化学类型为HCO3·SO4-Ca·Na型;古堆茶卡沸泉的水化学类型为Cl-Na型;曲卓木热泉的水化学类型为Cl·SO4-Na·Ca型。温泉地热水中的阴阳离子来源主要是硅酸盐岩的溶解以及部分碳酸盐岩和盐岩的溶解。由于温泉地热水均未达到水-岩平衡状态,利用石英地热温标得出浅部热储温度为129～148℃,利用硅-焓图解得出深部热储温度和冷水混合比例为181～221℃和58%～65%;氢氧同位素显示地热水补给高程为4467～5303 m。在山南地区,地热水受到高海拔大气降水和冰雪融水的补给,通过主要断裂构造运移到深部加热并在高温高压下沿着裂隙、节理上升,然后与浅层冷水混合,最后沿浅部地表松散破碎带出露形成温泉。温泉钙华CaO占比43.43%～56.66%,且显示出轻稀土元素富集的特点;δ13C指示温泉钙华为热成因,钙华中的碳主要来自于深部碳酸盐岩的变质成因,仅古堆日若沸泉有部分地幔碳;14C测年显示钙华的年龄为21280±70～43500年,Mg/Ca、Mg/Sr比值指示降雨量在43.50 ka年由峰值迅速减弱,并在42 ka～21.28 ka年期间降雨量又逐渐增强。 相似文献
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通过沃卡地堑盆地地下热水水文地球化学特征研究,进行热储温度、补给高程计算,建立沃卡地堑地下热水系统中-高温地热概念模型。结果表明,沃卡温泉为中偏碱性水,溶解性总固体较低,水化学类型主要为SO4-Na型、SO4·Cl-Na型、HCO3·SO4-Na型。热水水文地球化学特征表明,沃卡盆地地下热水系统具有大气降水补给、浅循环地下水的特征,热水以深部熔融体为热源,受控于沃卡半隐伏控热断裂构造,但受裂隙潜水或地表冷水的混合作用,其Na-K-Mg平衡图表现为部分平衡或混合水。利用混合模型对热储真实温度进行估算,得到热储的温度范围为120~200℃,冷水混入比例为70%~83%。 相似文献
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为探讨广安市铜锣山背斜三叠纪岩溶热储特征、地热水水化学与同位素组成、热储温度及地热水循环机理,采用地热钻探、水化学与同位素取样测试、热水溶质组分图解分析等手段和方法,开展了地热水成因的研究工作。结果表明:研究区三叠纪碳酸盐岩热储结构相对完整,热储盖层、热储层和热储下部隔水层形成独立的地热水文地质单元。岩溶地热水水化学类型主要为SO4-Ca·Mg和SO4-Ca型,富含F、Sr、Li、B和SiO2物质,其水源补给为大气降水,补给区位于铜锣山以北的大巴山一带,深部地热水补给高程大于1 100 m,补给区年均温度为9 ℃。热储温度为56~76 ℃,热水循环深度为2 013~3 030 m。地热水在循环过程中,主要发生碳酸盐岩和蒸发岩溶解、冷热水混合过程,且冷水混入比例大于80%。结合区域地热地质条件,构建了研究区地热水成因概念模型。 相似文献
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研究区位于邢台市北部,属高温地热显示区。为了解区内地热田的热储基本特征,通过采集区内11组水化学样品分析可知,研究区水化学类型较复杂,背斜轴部区地热水循环较慢、可视为"静水",背斜两翼区地热水循环较快。地下热水中Cl与Li的正相关性,显示地热流体可能来源于深部;与Sr相关性较差,表明研究区地下水的盐分可能主要来自于深部热液;与Si O2、温度的正相关性更进一步印证了研究区地热为深部热源。经阳离子地温计与二氧化硅地温计估算各热储温度为69~87℃。基于综合分析,背斜轴部异常区热水可更新性较慢,地下热水开发利用应合理规划,但深部可能存在干热岩资源。 相似文献
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研究工作对完善区内高温地热系统成因机理和后期勘探及钻探工作提供一定的参考意义.为进一步研究贵德盆地地热资源赋存状态及热源来源,在充分了解贵德盆地地热地质条件的基础上,采集区内地热流体样品,进行水化学全分析和氢氧同位素分析,得到该区地热流体化学特征和氢氧同位素特征,估算了区内高温热田-扎仓寺热田的热储温度.分析结果表明:该区高温地下热水的水化学类型主要为SO4·Cl-Na型,低温水水化学类型较为复杂,主要为SO4-Na、SO4·HCO3-Na型;扎仓寺热田地下热水中Li+、F-、Sr2+、As3+与Cl-存在很好的正相关性,显示了相同的物质来源,SiO22-与Cl-极高的正相关性进一步验证了扎仓寺地热为深部热源;氢氧同位素数据都集中在当地大气降水线附近,说明地下热水主要为大气降水补给.选用合理的水文地球化学温标计算了扎仓寺热田的热储温度,并利用硅-焓模型分析了该热田地热流体中冷水混入比例及冷水混入前的热储温度,分析认为扎仓寺热田4 000 m以内存在两个热储层,第一热储层热储温度约为133 °C,热循环深度为1 800 m;第二热储层热储温度约为222 °C,热循环深度约为3 200 m. 相似文献
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长期以来,西藏昌都觉拥温泉处于天然状态,研究该地热显示区的温泉水化学特征、确定热储温度对于下一步的综合开发利用及热害防治具有重要的现实研究意义。通过采集区内冷水及温泉水样品,进行水化学全分析及氢氧同位素分析,探讨觉拥温泉水化学特征、地下热水补给高程、热储温度及循环深度。基于数据测试结果研究得出觉拥温泉水化学类型与地表水及冷泉水不同,为HCO~-_3—Na~+型,并富含多种微量元素。利用氢氧稳定同位素数据,计算得出补给高程为4725～4802 m。利用Na~+—K~+—Mg~(2+)平衡图判断该区地下热水为未成熟水,并有冷水混入。建立硅—焓、氯—焓混合模型,分析得出觉拥热储温度为137℃左右;综合以上数据计算得出热储深度约为3801 m。 相似文献
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通过对橄榄河温泉盖层和热储层地质体的岩性和构造特征分析,依据水化学数据,利用Piper三角图解法、同位素水文学方法和地球化学温标等方法,对橄榄河温泉地下热水的水化学类型、补给机制、热储特征和冷热水混合机制等关键问题进行了分析。结果表明地下热水源于大气降水补给,且地下热水在上升至地表的过程中与浅层冷水发生着混合,冷水混入比例约为62%~64%;温泉水化学类型为HCO3 -Na型,表明热水化学组分与围岩化学成分之间具有耦合关系;地下热水循环深度约2 070 m,橄榄河温泉的成因受控于柯街深大断裂,其控制着地下热水的储存、运移和混合程度。研究成果填补了橄榄河热泉的相关研究空白,为该温泉的开发利用提供了科学支撑。 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.) 相似文献
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正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology, 相似文献
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正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.) 相似文献
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正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se- 相似文献
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正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with 相似文献