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1.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》1999,42(2-4):345-368
The ecological and socioeconomic importance of the Mexican coastal zone of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean is analyzed and its main problems of pollution and environmental impact are described. Also, the legal, institutional, and technical framework that is applied to the coastal management of the region is analyzed. Finally, the definition and implementation of a Program of Integrated Management for the Coastal Zone of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean, a Law for the Coastal Zone of the country, and adjustments to the main instruments of national environmental policy applied to the coastal zone of the region are proposed. 相似文献
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The Mexican coast can be regionalized according to the main economic activities performed in it; for the purpose of this work we are considering five regions: North Pacific, Mar de Cortes, outh Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean. According to the national census, the population of the coastal zone in Mexico is increasing at a higher rate than the national average. The main industries located in the coastal and marine zones are oil and gas, fisheries, aquaculture, tourism, maritime transportation and ports, chemical industries, and minerals. Mexico has developed an environmental legal framework based on the Ley General del Equilibrio Ecologico y la Proteccion al Ambiente (LGEEPA), and the coastal management paradigm is strengthened through several other legal tools developed specifically for this purpose. There are three management strategies identified in this work for the coastal zone in Mexico: (1) Agency Leadership, (2) Protected Areas, and (3) Land Ordinance. Each one of these strategies includes stages for eventually developing an Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) plan that considers vertical and horizontal integration, scientific research of natural resources and ecosystems, and socioeconomic issues. 相似文献
3.
Georges SeingierIleana Espejel José Luis Fermán-AlmadaGabriela Montaño-Moctezuma Isaac Azuz-AdeathGuillermo Aramburo-Vizcarra 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2011,54(2):123-128
Sustainability was estimated through a Sustainable Capacity Index defined as the combination of three aspects (state of the environment, quality of life of the human population, and pressure applied by human activities), used as a guideline for the differentiation of sustainability situations. We identified five different municipality groups, in terms of sustainability, as well as two thresholds, beyond which sustainable capacity was not present: below the sustainable capacity lower threshold, close to the sustainable capacity threshold, optimum situation, close to the sustainable capacity higher threshold, and above the sustainable capacity higher threshold. In general Mexico was found to be in an apparent balanced situation, in the sense that it is not overweighed around extreme values, the majority of the coastal municipalities falling in the optimum sustainable situation, within the cross comparison, characterized by medium coastal cities. We can conclude that Mexico has reached a critical point where it has to decide about the direction its coastal development has to take, since our results suggest that Mexican’s municipalities are half way to sustainability. The ideal situation would be that the optimum situation would maintain its actual low pressure with high state, but could increase its quality of life. This work provided a rapid monitoring and cross comparison tool for an estimation of the sustainable situation of Mexico’s coasts, repeatable in time, and in phase with the recent national coastal zone management principles and strategies. 相似文献
4.
江苏省沿海区域水环境容量计算研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在江苏省沿海开发战略发展的背景下,研究海洋水体环境容量是实施海洋污染物总量控制和合理利用海洋资源的基础和前提。以江苏省沿海区域(包括连云港、盐城、南通在内的沿海三市)作为研究对象,根据人海排污口排污方式的不同,将沿海排污区域划分为沿岸区域和离岸区域两部分,分别建立了2种区域的水环境容量计算方法。结合近岸海域二维水动力水质模型和污染物通量计算模型对三市的沿海区域水环境容量、人海河流污染物通量分别进行了测算。在此基础上测算得到2007年沿海三市污染排放贡献率,并通过污染排放贡献率计算得到沿海三市最大允许人海量。结果表明,江苏省沿海区域COD的水环境容量为1 249 231 t/a,其中沿岸海域水环境容量为968 921 t/a,离岸海域水环境容量为280 310 t/a,沿海三市的COD排放贡献率为44%;江苏省沿海区域氨氮的水环境容量为73 658 t/a,其中沿岸海域水环境容量为47 728t/a,离岸海域水环境容量为25 930 t/a,沿海三市的氨氮排放贡献率为65%。该研究成果可为江苏省沿海区域开发中的环境保护提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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文章对近10年来椒江口两岸主要的围填海工程进行了统计,利用基于围填海强度等级控制理念的围填海潜力评估方法,对椒江口海域的围填海强度及围填海潜力进行了定量评估,并对其造成的环境影响进行了分析。分析结果显示,椒江口海域虽然仍有一定的围填海潜力,但围填海压力较大,椒江口大规模的围填海工程对海岸带地形地貌、海域水文动力环境、滨海湿地生态系统、海洋水环境质量、海洋生物资源等均存在负面影响,为此提出了强化围填海管控、重视海岸带整治修复等建议,以期为椒江口的围填海管控和生态环境保护提供参考。 相似文献
6.
海平面上升的风险评估研究进展与展望 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
海岸带是海陆交互作用的集中区域,人类活动密集,面对未来海平面上升带来的影响具有敏感性和脆弱性。评估未来海平面上升对海岸带的风险,具有理论与实际意义。根据海平面上升风险评估研究框架,总结了海平面上升、海岸侵蚀、风暴潮淹没、海水入侵、湿地丧失等方面的研究现状,在此基础上,分析了目前研究存在的不足,并提出了海平面上升风险评估未来研究的关键问题。 相似文献
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Ana M. Nobre João G. Ferreira João P. Nunes Xiaojun Yan Suzanne Bricker Richard Corner Steve Groom Haifeng Gu Anthony J.S. Hawkins Rory Hutson Dongzhao Lan João D. Lencart e Silva Philip Pascoe Trevor Telfer Xuelei Zhang Mingyuan Zhu 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010
This paper presents a multilayered ecosystem modelling approach that combines the simulation of the biogeochemistry of a coastal ecosystem with the simulation of the main forcing functions, such as catchment loading and aquaculture activities. This approach was developed as a tool for sustainable management of coastal ecosystems. A key feature is to simulate management scenarios that account for changes in multiple uses and enable assessment of cumulative impacts of coastal activities. The model was applied to a coastal zone in China with large aquaculture production and multiple catchment uses, and where management efforts to improve water quality are under way. Development scenarios designed in conjunction with local managers and aquaculture producers include the reduction of fish cages and treatment of wastewater. Despite the reduction in nutrient loading simulated in three different scenarios, inorganic nutrient concentrations in the bay were predicted to exceed the thresholds for poor quality defined by Chinese seawater quality legislation. For all scenarios there is still a Moderate High to High nutrient loading from the catchment, so further reductions might be enacted, together with additional decreases in fish cage culture. The model predicts that overall, shellfish production decreases by 10%–28% using any of these development scenarios, principally because shellfish growth is being sustained by the substances to be reduced for improvement of water quality. The model outcomes indicate that this may be counteracted by zoning of shellfish aquaculture at the ecosystem level in order to optimize trade-offs between productivity and environmental effects. The present case study exemplifies the value of multilayered ecosystem modelling as a tool for Integrated Coastal Zone Management and for the adoption of ecosystem approaches for marine resource management. This modelling approach can be applied worldwide, and may be particularly useful for the application of coastal management regulation, for instance in the implementation of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive. 相似文献
8.
Fedro U. Tapia González Jorge A. Herrera-SilveiraMaria L. Aguirre-Macedo 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008
Coastal lagoon ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to eutrophication due to often restricted water exchange with the adjacent ocean, leading to an accumulation of nutrients from the surrounding watershed. The coastal areas of the northern Yucatán (SE Mexico) show similar geological characteristics: carbonate soils, and strong groundwater discharges (SGD), which are a source of fresh water and dissolved inorganic nutrients. However, due to differences in land use and human impact, these coastal lagoons have different water quality characteristics. To determine the variables and processes that influence water quality and eutrophic status of these tropical coastal lagoons with different hydrological regimes and human impacts, bimonthly samplings were carried for a year at 11 stations in Celestún and Chelem lagoons. The results indicate that Celestún is influenced by bioturbation (resuspension and nutrients inputs from waterfowl) and SGD with high concentrations of nitrate and silicate, leading to oligo-mesotrophic conditions. Chelem had high ammonium and phosphate concentrations, reflecting impacts by wastewaters from the surrounding urban area, resulting in meso-eutrophic conditions. Forcing functions such as climatic patterns, water residence time and local aquifer pollution are probably the main variables that explain the observed patterns. 相似文献
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海水入侵和土壤盐渍化是重要的海洋灾害类型。文章选取3个土壤采样点和3个地下水采样点,以地下水氯离子浓度和矿化度以及土壤氯离子含量、硫酸根离子含量和全盐量为监测项目,首次对惠州市大亚湾淡澳河入海口沿岸区域的海水入侵和土壤盐渍化状况进行研究。研究表明:研究区2个采样点未受海水入侵,1个采样点海水入侵程度为轻度;1个采样点为氯化物-硫酸盐型和中盐渍化土,2个采样点为氯化物型和盐土;海水入侵程度以及土壤盐渍化类型和程度与离岸距离均无相关性,但受与河口距离的影响。今后将进一步加强监测和研究,为沿海环境风险管控和海岸带整治修复提供科学依据。 相似文献
11.
本文以渤海为例,开展海岸带生态系统环境状况综合评价方法研究,在综合分析渤海海岸带生态环境状况与影响因子的基础上,提出适用于区域特点的评价指标与方法,建立具有实用性和综合性的环境状况评价模式,实现对渤海海岸带生态系统环境质量状况的定量评价。借鉴国内外成熟的评价方法和评价标准,以站位评价方法为基础,以点构面,构建大尺度区域多指标综合评价模式,建立由海水水质、沉积物质量、底栖生物、滨海湿地和生物体组织污染物5大类、13个参数指标构成的海岸带生态系统评价指标体系。综合评价结果显示渤海海岸带环境状况为一般到良好,与渤海环境现状基本相符,能综合与客观反映研究区域的环境状况,指标体系及其评价模式具有一定的有效性与实用性。 相似文献
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《Ocean & Coastal Management》2003,46(6-7):681-700
The southern Mexican states on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico produce approximately 85% of the total national oil production. The region has also attracted attention due its important economic influence in terms of fisheries, aquaculture and agriculture, and for its ecosystem diversity. The justification for more integrated approaches to aquaculture development is significant, as coastal aquaculture has brought economic and employment benefits to both national economies and coastal people. The aim of this study is the analysis of Mecoacan fishing communities’ perception on coastal resources management and to assess group awareness of the potential benefits and impacts of coastal aquaculture. Although aquaculture practices have been implemented as an alternative to fishing and to improve current levels of fisheries production, the results showed that conditions within Mecoacan fisheries have deteriorated significantly, as collective aggregation is not producing a positive outcome for the local communities. However, fishermen regarded the restructuring of fishing organisations as a means of integrating employment and income generation alternatives such as aquaculture practices. Therefore, a key to success will be to demonstrate the ability of good coastal management to promote capacity building within coastal communities in the context of a participatory intervention strategy through formal and informal organisations. 相似文献
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P. Muniz N. Venturini M. Hutton N. Kandratavicius A. Pita E. Brugnoli L. Burone F. García-Rodríguez 《Journal of Sea Research》2011,65(1):38-50
A study on the benthic ecosystem health was performed to assess the environmental quality of Montevideo coastal zone, in view of the construction of a new sanitation system. Data were compared to previous research undertaken 10 years ago, and biochemical composition of organic matter, heavy metals, organic matter, phytopigments, benthic diatoms, macrofauna community structure and a biotic index (AMBI) were used as proxies. Results indicate an environmental quality-gradient, with the worst conditions within the inner stations of Montevideo Bay and an improvement towards the adjacent coastal zone. Higher levels of chromium, lead, phaeopigments, organic biopolymers and poor benthic macrofauna and diatom communities, characterised the hypertrophic innermost portion of Montevideo Bay. Data indicated a clear deterioration of the adjacent coastal zone comparatively to that observed 10 years ago. The complementary use of approaches not applied before (benthic diatoms and organic biopolymers) with those formerly applied improve our assessment of the trophic status and the environmental health of the area. 相似文献
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为改善临高县海岸带生态环境、提升海岸带生态价值及保障海岸带生态安全,文章在实地考察、文献查阅和资料梳理的基础上,概述了当前临高县海岸带面临的典型生态环境问题,分析生态环境退化的主要原因,提出了海岸带保护修复的对策建议。研究结果表明：临高海岸带地区砂质海岸、红树林、珊瑚礁和白蝶贝等面临较严重的海岸侵蚀、生态环境退化和生物资源枯竭等问题;砂质海岸侵蚀主要受海平面上升、风暴潮等自然因素影响,红树林生态系统主要受围海养殖、环境污染影响,珊瑚礁、白蝶贝等海洋生态系统则主要受渔业捕捞、水体污染等人为活动影响;基于海岸生态退化现状及原因分析,提出文澜河口、抱吴港等岸段开展沙滩喂养及生态堤建设,新盈湾、黄龙湾、金牌湾等重点区实施红树林修复,珊瑚礁、白蝶贝保育区加强自然封育、严防人工干扰等建议措施。 相似文献
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北冰洋西伯利亚陆架海是北极气候快速变化最为显著的海域之一,而沉积硅藻作为极地海洋生态系统的重要组成部分,对环境变化具有敏感的响应。对楚科奇海、东西伯利亚海和拉普捷夫海表层沉积物开展了硅藻组成鉴定,利用典型对应分析方法分析了硅藻属种与1986～2015年环境变量之间的关系。结果表明,夏季和秋季海冰密集度、表层海水盐度是影响研究区表层硅藻分布特征最主要的因素。此外,根据表层站位与环境变量的典型对应分析,可将西伯利亚极地海域划分为4个区域,分别为海冰硅藻组合带、暖水硅藻组合带、沿岸硅藻组合带和混合硅藻组合带。这些表层站位的分区与相应区域的海流模式有明显的相关性,海冰硅藻组合带仅分布于研究区北部的高纬度地区;暖水硅藻组合带位于受白令水和太平洋海水的分支——阿拉斯加沿岸水影响为主的区域;拉普捷夫海南部的沿岸硅藻组合带则受到河流径流和西伯利亚沿岸流的强烈影响;混合硅藻组合带受极地冷水、海冰覆盖、太平洋暖水和陆地径流的共同影响。 相似文献
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综合无机氮和活性磷酸盐的海水水质类别现状进行空间分区,拟合无机氮和活性磷酸盐全局半变异函数和局部半变异函数。通过留一交叉检验方法确定统计推断方法,无机氮采用分层克里金插值方法,使得平均绝对误差和误差方差最小;活性磷酸盐采用普通克里金插值方法,使得平均绝对误差和误差方差最小。原则上调整现有站位数的10%,综合考虑对无机氮和活性磷酸盐插值标准差的变化影响,以及对不同水质类别面积的影响,确定去掉冗余的7个历史站位。7个站位均分布在劣四类水区域的长江口南支、北支、和杭州湾北部近岸区域,这些区域站点密集,水体中各要素含量变化不大,水团混合较均匀。优化删减掉的7个站位调整到三类和四类水质分区中,或者无限制区域的优化调整,发现调整优化的站位主要分布在水质类别变化过渡的区域,因此,不同水质类别的分界带以及海域边界处是站位调整优化的关键区域。 相似文献
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海岸带滨水区具有多重功能,是地球上物理、化学、生物和地质过程最活跃的地区,对人类社会发展具有特别重要的意义.但随着海洋城市建设的加速推进,海岸带资源开发力度的不断加大,滨水区承受的压力也日益加剧.本文归纳总结了海岸带滨水区开发利用方式及特点,系统地分析了滨水区环境退化的胁迫机理,研究提出了海岸带滨水资源利用的六方面策略:1)以循环经济和可持续发展理念指导海岸带滨水区的开发利用;2)对滨水区生产和生活岸线布局进行战略调整;3)坚持亲水性原则,精心布局,开发好、利用好海湾滨水资源;4)大力发展海岸带滨水区沙滩特色旅游,高度重视沙滩的保护;5)构建海岸带滨水区生态预警与防范体系;6)实施海岸带滨水区生态修复、加强海湾滨岸生态化建设. 相似文献
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烟台市套子湾污水处理厂排海管道有关参数的确定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用海洋处置城市污水是沿海地区一种把海洋水体的环境容量和自净能力用于环保的可行方法。烟台市套子湾污水处理厂1998年10月建成正式投入运转,日处理能力为25万m3,其污水排海管道工程是该厂重要组成部分,对污水排海管道的有关参数进行计算,可供沿海城市污水处理工程参考。 相似文献
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基于主成分分析法的闽江口及其近岸水域水质评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取2016年4月、7月和10月闽江口及其近岸水域7个调查点位的盐度、悬浮物、pH、溶解氧、化学需氧量、氮营养盐和重金属等15项监测指标数据,采取主成分分析法分析了该水域的水质,明确影响该水域水质的主要污染因子。结果表明：15项监测指标转换提取为4个主成分,解释82.153%的方差。从时间分布来看,闽江口及其近岸水域在4月份水质较差、10月份次之、7月份较好。从空间分布来看,近河口水质较差而远离河口水质较好。影响该水域污染水质的主要驱动因子是pH、COD、氮营养盐和Cd。研究结果对于进一步了解闽江口及其近岸水域水质情况具有重要意义,同时也为福建省海洋管理的科学决策提供支持。 相似文献