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黄海太平洋鲱受精前后卵膜的动态变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文使用透射电镜，细胞化学和扫描电镜等方法，在亚微水平上对黄海太平洋鲱鱼（ＣｌｕｐｅａｐａｌａｓｉＣｖｖ，＆Ｖｏｌ．）卵黄膜和受精膜的结构以及皮层小泡在卵黄膜转化为受精膜过程中的作用，受精卵新质膜的形成及其细胞化学变化等进行了研究。观察到，太平洋鲱鱼卵黄膜由５层组成，皮层小泡参与了受精膜的形成，在卵黄膜转化为受精膜的过程中，５层都发生不同程度的形态和糖蛋白及ＰＡＳ阳性物质的变化。另外发现太平洋鲱有３种皮层小泡存在。在皮层反应中，第一种皮层小泡在受精后３ｍｉｎ内迅速破裂，未受精卵尚含有ＰＴＡ染色的小颗粒从小泡中泌出，其界膜形成了质膜的一部份。受精后，此质膜与皮层小泡形成的质膜相同排列构成卵子新的质膜。另外，还发现第一小泡顶部，与卵子质膜相接触的卵子表面有富含糖蛋白的泡状结构。卵子质膜表面糖蛋白及ＰＡＳ阳性物质，随时间推延而不断发生变化 相似文献
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栉孔扇贝成熟卵形态与超微结构的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
实验研究栉孔扇贝成熟卵的形态与超微结构。观察表明卵子表面呈蜂窝状,无卵极标志。受精前质膜形态模糊,属非典型单位膜。卵质内含有线粒体、内质网、高尔基体等细胞器,但缺乏中心粒复合体。皮层内含有皮层颗粒。卵黄形态不同,来源于多种细胞器。卵子的成熟核相为第一次成熟分裂中期。 相似文献
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光裸星虫体腔液中卵子发生的超微结构 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为探究光裸星虫卵子发生的细胞学特点,利用电镜技术观察了光裸星虫体腔液中卵子发生过程的超微结构变化。结果表明:(1)光裸星虫体腔液中存在游离的卵原细胞和卵母细胞,卵母细胞的发育分为卵黄形成前期、卵黄形成初期、卵黄旺盛合成期和成熟期4个阶段。(2)卵原细胞的细胞器少,核质比大。卵黄形成前期,卵母细胞的细胞器有所增加,大量核仁外排物进入胞质中;出现卵黄膜和胶质膜,卵黄膜遍布微孔。卵黄形成初期卵母细胞核有较多突起,细胞器大量增加,出现分散分布的卵黄粒。卵黄旺盛合成期卵母细胞迅速增大,卵黄大量积累。成熟期卵母细胞核膜突起回缩,胶质膜易于脱落。(3)卵黄分为2种。Ⅰ型卵黄电子密度高,不发生融合,为内源性卵黄;II型卵黄中等电子密度,可融合为无定形卵黄块,为外源性卵黄。(4)成熟卵母细胞卵黄膜为三层,外层为颗粒层,表面具有粒状突;中层初始为均质结构,不断增厚并纤维化;内层致密,厚度不均。胶质膜电子密度极低。(5)卵子外有滤泡细胞,其核质比很大,细胞器少,在卵母细胞成熟期发生凋亡。文章还探讨了胶质膜、卵黄膜、滤泡细胞的功能,以及细胞器在卵黄形成中的作用。研究结果积累了光裸星虫卵子发生细胞学资料,为光裸星虫生殖调控与人工繁育研究提供理论参考。 相似文献
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透射电镜下比较研究了海水浸泡前、后太平洋牡蛎卵子 (Crassostrea,gigas Thunberg)的超微结构。太平洋牡蛎卵子为均黄卵 ,由卵黄膜、质膜、卵质与卵核 4部分组成。卵质内除含有线粒体、内质网、高尔基体等细胞器之外 ,还含有多种来源的卵黄颗粒 ,但缺乏皮层颗粒。海水浸泡前 ,内质网含量少 ,线粒体丰富 ,集中分布在核膜附近 ,卵核 (生发泡 )未破裂 ;海水浸泡后 ,胞质含有十分丰富的粗面内质网 ,线粒体分散分布 ,生发泡破裂 ,卵子处于第一次成熟分裂中期 ,核仁存在 ,核仁组织中心与粗面内质网紧密相连。 相似文献
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莫桑比克非鲫卵壳膜形成的电镜观察 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
于1986年9－12月对取自湖北省水产研究所实验鱼网箱中的莫桑比克非鲫，运用透射电镜观察卵子发生中印壳膜的形成过程。结果表明，随着卵母细胞的生长，在卵母细胞和颗粒细胞之间先后出现3层结构，即Z1，Z2和Z3；初步确定：Z1可能由颗粒细胞分泌形成，z2和z3由印母细胞分泌形成，最终z1，z2和Z3融为一体成为卵壳膜。对印亮膜的结构特征及其与特殊的生殖习性——衔卵孵化的关系的分析认为，衔卵孵化导致卵壳膜的厚度降低。 相似文献
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莫桑双克非鲫卵壳膜形成的电镜观察 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
于１９８６年９－１２月对取自湖北省水产研究所实验鱼网箱中的莫桑比克非鲫，运用透射电镜观察卵子发生中卵壳的形成过程。结果表明，随着卵母细胞的生长，在卵母细胞和颗粒细胞之间先后出现３层结构，即Ｚ１，Ｚ２，Ｚ３；初步确定：Ｚ１可能由颗粒细胞分泌形成，Ｚ２和Ｚ３由卵母细胞分泌形成，最终Ｚ１，Ｚ２，Ｚ３融为一体成为卵壳膜。对卵壳膜的结构特征及其与特殊的生殖习性－衔卵孵化的关系的分析认为，衔卵孵化导致卵壳膜的 相似文献
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为研究某些生化组分与栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)雌性生殖腺成熟情况的关系,在亲贝促熟的后期,对不同积温情况下栉孔扇贝雌性生殖腺中的磷脂、核酸及水分的含量进行测定。结果表明,磷脂含量、RNA/DNA值及水分含量均随着积温升高(从210℃到300℃)而增加,但成熟的卵子一经产出后,雌性生殖腺中的磷脂含量、RNA/DNA值及水分含量均降到最低。组织切片的结果表明雌性生殖腺中的卵子在成熟过程中体积明显增大,以至于滤泡中充分成熟的卵子被挤压成不规则形状,细胞核的核膜和核仁在卵子排出去之前一般都消失。成熟卵子产出后的滤泡中出现空泡,未能排出的卵子部分被滤泡吸收,形态模糊。 相似文献
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研究观察了苗种生产过程中亲蜇产卵间隙卵巢中的卵子、自然产卵排放的卵子、受精卵的差异,结果发现其卵径依次增大,平均值依次为(74.57±1.05)、(84.22±1.13)、(92.03±1.39)μm,且非产卵时刻其卵巢中的卵子不具有受精能力,海蜇自然排放的卵子2h后亦失去受精能力。该结果表明,海蜇卵子产卵排放前须经历必要的生理转化过程才能成熟排放,具有受精能力。海蜇卵子受精后半径增大,表明海蜇卵子受精过程中亦会发生皮层反应,具体过程与机制需要进一步的研究。本文研究表明,海蜇人工授精不是可以随意进行的,应选择在海蜇自然产卵排精前后的时机及时进行。 相似文献
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缢蛏卵母细胞卵黄发生过程的超微结构研究 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
于１９８５年９－１０月，从厦门沿海滩涂采回缢蛏雌性亲贝，利用透射电镜观察卵母细胞卵黄发生过程的超微结构变化。结果表明，多数卵黄球首先是通过聚集方式形成的。游离于胞质中的絮状物质和小泡先聚集而成致密无膜的小团，随后逐渐增大，并与不同来源的颗粒或民融，了母形成具膜的、圆形的卵黄球。线粒体，高尔基体、内质网及微蚕噬作用形成的颗粒等均以不同的程度参于卵黄发生。来源于内质网和环孔瓣状体的光面小泡可转化形成脂 相似文献
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黑鲷（Sparus macrocephalus）成熟精,卵和精子入卵早期过程的初步观察 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
黑鲷精子入卵早期发育迅速。精、卵相遇的3－5sec左右,卵孔管出现一种能引诱精子入卵的物质;精卵相触约10－15sec左右,即精子进入卵孔管后,管内又涌出另一种能阻止多余精子继续入卵的物质;同时,受精锥形成。约15-54sec左右,受精膜发生;约90sec左右受精膜举起,围卵腔雏成;约180sec左右受精锥开始退缩,精子头部和颈部被俘入卵内;约300sec左右出现第二极体。文中对卵孔管出现的这两种物质进行了浅析。 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):487-499
The spawning habitats of anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus and sardine Sardinops sagax in the southern Benguela upwelling ecosystem were characterised by comparing their egg abundances with environmental variables measured concomitantly during two different survey programmes: the South African Sardine and Anchovy Recruitment Programme (SARP), which comprised monthly surveys conducted during the austral summers of 1993/94 and 1994/95; and annual pelagic spawner biomass surveys conducted in early summer (November/December) from 1984 to 1999. Eggs were collected using a CalVET net. Physical variables measured included sea surface temperature (SST), surface salinity, water depth, mixed-layer depth, and current and wind speeds; biological variables measured included phytoplankton biomass, and zooplankton biomass and production. Spawning habitat was identified by construction of quotient curves derived from egg abundance data and individual environmental variables, and relationships between these variables were determined using multivariate co-inertia analysis. SARP data showed that anchovy spawning was associated with cool water and moderate wind and current speeds, whereas sardine spawning was related to warmer water and more turbulent and unstable conditions (i.e. high wind speeds and strong currents) than for anchovy. SARP data also showed significant differences in selection of spawning habitat of the two species for all environmental variables. The relationship between anchovy egg abundance and salinity was strongly positive, but strongly negative with water depth, phytoplankton biomass and zooplankton production. Sardine egg abundance was strongly positively related to current speed. The spawner biomass survey data demonstrated that the spawning habitat of anchovy was characterised by warm water and high salinity, whereas sardine spawning was associated with cool water and low salinity. The survey data showed significant differences in spawning habitat selection by anchovy and sardine for SST, salinity and zooplankton biomass, but not for the other environmental variables. There was a positive relationship between anchovy egg abundance and SST, salinity and mixed-layer depth, and a negative relationship with water depth, phytoplankton biomass and zooplankton production. For sardine there was a strong positive relationship between egg abundance and current speed and wind speed. Differences in the results between the two survey programmes could be attributable to differences in their spatio-temporal coverage. Spawning habitats of anchovy and sardine appear to be substantially different, with anchovy being more specific than sardine in their preference of various environmental conditions. 相似文献
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太平洋牡蛎精子形成的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
透射电镜下研究了太平洋牡蛎 (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg)的精子形成过程。精子细胞中含有前顶体颗粒、线粒体、高尔基体、中心粒等多种细胞结构 ,线粒体、前顶体颗粒的数量较多。在精子形成过程中 ,前顶体颗粒逐渐汇集、愈合成顶体泡 ,顶体泡覆盖在细胞核的一端逐渐发育为顶体 ;线粒体则向顶体相反的方向移动 ,最后移到核后端形成 4个较大的线粒体球 ;中心粒移到核后端由远端中心粒形成轴丝 ;细胞核发生致密 ,形态发生变化 ,最后形成杯状的精子核 ;多余的细胞质被抛弃。 相似文献
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This paper reports the season, environmental conditions and pattern of spawning, fecundity and hatching amount of king crab, Trachypleus tridentatus. The egg-diameter of this animal has seasonal variations, which is different from that reported in foreign countries. The egg cleavage of the animal is in the transitional pattern from holoblastic cleavage to surface division. Egg cleavage occurs firstly on one pole with false cleavage furrows, the number of division nucleus increases continuously which move outward from the yolks to form into a layer of blastomere on the surface of the blast together with some of egg plasma. The blastomere formed into the blastoderm and the polygonal cells encircled in this cell layer is equal to the "yolk cells" of insects during the period of egg cleavage. The formation of the periblas-tula is the result of egg cleavage. This paper makes application of the technique of vital staining in exploring the properties of the stained particles. The death of the blasts after stai 相似文献
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The geographical variations in life history characteristics of small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis, caused by experienced different environmental conditions, have been observed in China seas. Previous studies based on spatial distribution, migration route, and body morphometrics suggested a complex stock structure. In this study, to clarify the source of a spawning stock, we investigated the reproduction strategy and inter-structure of the Haizhou Bay (HZB) spawning stock in the middle Yellow Sea from both egg survey and adult otolith increment analysis. Egg and adult samples were collected from three surveys during spawning season in 2013. Distinct spatial and temporal variations were detected in egg distribution and size, and otolith shape analysis of adult fishes revealed two morphotypes with different increment growth using random forest cluster. The results indicate the existence of two components within the same spawning stock in HZB from different wintering grounds, and accordingly special protection should be required for this stock given the significance to maintain connectivity between adjacent subpopulations. 相似文献