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1.
溶浸开采深埋藏杂卤石可行性及溶浸动力学模拟   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
安莲英  殷辉安  唐明林 《地质学报》2010,84(11):1690-1696
我国杂卤石矿资源丰富,由于其较难溶性和深埋藏的特点,至今仍未开发利用。根据杂卤石矿成矿条件分析,该矿具有良好的封闭围岩,具备溶浸开采的基本地质条件。溶浸开采杂卤石的技术关键在于其中有效成分的溶出。理论及实验基础研究表明CaCl2等无机盐溶液可改善杂卤石的溶解性能。溶浸开采可能成为深埋藏杂卤石的开发的有效途径。通过实验考查溶浸剂CaCl2浓度、矿石粒度、渗滤速度、渗滤路径等影响杂卤石溶解过程的技术因素,溶解过程动力学研究结果表明用氯化钙溶液渗滤浸出杂卤石的过程符合В.С.Голубев—Г.Н.Крuчев建立的金属浸出动力学模型即C=CH[1-e-γ(χ-vBt)U-vB]。浸出液中K+浓度同渗滤速度与渗滤路径长度之比呈指数关系。根据溶解实验数据求得钾浸出速率常数及钾充分浸出开始到进入液相所需的时间。当渗滤速度从0.159m/h提高到0.318m/h时,浸出速率常数分别为0.03132h-1和0.04383h-1,金属离子充分浸出开始到进入液相所需的时间由297.528h降为218.997h。地浸开采深埋藏杂卤石可以缓解我国钾盐资源紧缺矛盾。  相似文献   

2.
25~75℃酸性NaCl溶液中方铅矿的溶解动力学   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
在25~75℃、pH=0.43~2.45的1mol/LNaCl溶液中进行了方铅矿的溶解动力学实验。发现在远平衡条件下,方铅矿的溶解速率r与氢离子活度犤H+犦呈线性关系,溶解速率方程(速率定律)为:r=k犤H+犦,即对H+而言,溶解反应为一级。其中速率常数k为2.344×10-7mol/m2·s(25℃)、1.380×10-6mol/m2·s(50℃)、7.079×10-6mol/m2·s(75℃)。溶解反应的活化能为43.54kJ/mol,方铅矿的溶解机理为表面化学反应,速率决定步骤为表面配合物的离解。  相似文献   

3.
杂卤石矿地浸模拟实验研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过对难溶含钾矿物杂卤石的柱浸实验模拟石溶浸过程分析发现,采用CaCl2溶液作溶浸剂,其溶浸剂浓度、淋洗速度、矿石粒度、浸滤路径等因素对K溶浸率及溶浸速度均有影响,当矿石粒度为1 mm和5 mm时,钾浸出率分别可达到80%和70%以上,溶浸剂浓度增加,可提高钾的浸出率,但CaCl2浓度高于5%后,效果不明显。淋洗速度增大,虽可提高钾的浸出率,但同时浸出液中钾的富集程度有所降低,以4.5 ml/h~10 ml/h为佳;增加渗滤路径长度可同时提高钾的浸出率和富集程度。实验结果表明杂卤石溶解过程受固相层扩散控制,溶解反应过程较好地符合“收缩未反应核模型”的固相控制动力学方程1-(2/3)α(1-α)2/3=(2MD′c/bργ02)t。研究结果为地浸开采深埋藏杂卤石提供了一定的实验基础。  相似文献   

4.
研究海水体系(即Na+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+∥Cl-,$SO_{4}^{2-}$-H2O六元体系)中杂卤石的形成条件不仅有助于理解海相蒸发盐成因,对开发杂卤石钾资源利用技术也具有重要的指导作用。但杂卤石以及其他含有硫酸钙矿物(如二水石膏、半水石膏、无水石膏、钾石膏、多钙钾石膏、钙芒硝和水钙芒硝)的相平衡,无论是在实验研究方面还是在热力学模拟方面都仍然存在很多争议。由于缺乏杂卤石在复杂水溶液体系中可靠的相平衡数据,使人们对认识杂卤石成因和利用杂卤石钾资源带来巨大障碍。本工作对海水体系中杂卤石的形成条件进行了热力学模拟和实验研究。超过一年的长时间固液平衡实验表明25 ℃下Na+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+∥Cl-,$SO_{4}^{2-}$-H2O六元体系中杂卤石的形成区域极为可观,且较前人实验结果均大数倍;同时证实了热力学模型预测结果的可靠性。这些结果为讨论盐矿床中杂卤石的形成条件提供了物理化学依据。25 ℃下可靠的热力学信息表明:杂卤石与其他盐类矿物的共生情况丰富多样,并且与前人看法不同,杂卤石的形成并不需要极高的钾、镁浓度。这给以杂卤石为指示寻找可溶性固体钾盐带来了挑战,但却指示了以杂卤石为线索更容易找到钾、镁盐未饱和的富钾卤水。  相似文献   

5.
本文对辉铜矿、黄铜矿和斑铜矿在NaCl溶液中的溶解动力学进行了实验研究,在25-70℃,溶解反应活化能分别为辉铜矿36.46kJ/mol,黄铜矿44.05kJ/mol,斑铜矿51.96kJ/mol。最近探讨了动力学实验结果在砂岩铜矿成矿作用中的意义。  相似文献   

6.
察尔汗盐湖拥有2.96亿t低品位固体钾盐,这些资源相当于一个超大型钾矿.通过溶解转化技术将其转化成与盐层晶间卤水组成相似的富钾卤水,方可利用.本文采用PHREEQC软件对察尔汗盐湖低品位固体钾盐溶解转化过程进行了反向模拟,旨在定量研究该溶矿过程.通过模拟计算出了溶矿过程中主要矿物相的转移量,结果表明:溶矿过程中,每1 mmol L溶液中石膏析出量在10.85~12.97 mmol之间,石盐的溶解量在494.2~1616 mmol之间,杂卤石的溶解量在0.63~3.119 mmol之间,光卤石的溶解量在4.732~380.2 mmol之间,钾石盐的溶解量在63.64~387.6 mmol之间,方解石的溶解量在0.141~0.381 mmol之间,NaX与MgX2发生的离子交换量在101.1~918 mmol之间.察尔汗盐湖地层中的主要钾盐矿物为杂卤石、光卤石和钾石盐,溶矿过程中这些矿物的溶解使溶液中K+含量不断增加,不同溶矿区域液相中K+浓度增加量不同,是盐层地质构造差异及钾盐矿物分布不均匀造成的;推测杂卤石的溶解是造成微量石膏析出的主要原因;溶剂含有浓度较高的MgCl2,NaCl与MgCl2之间同离子效应及阳离子交换作用共同影响着液相中石盐的溶解度.  相似文献   

7.
坡缕石对Zn^2+的吸附性能及吸附工艺条件优化研究   总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1  
从坡缕石粘土提纯人手,进行了坡缕石吸附Zn^2 的实验研究,结果表明坡缕石对水中Zn^2 的吸附性能主要受振荡速度、吸附时间、溶液pH值、吸附剂用量等因素影响,30℃时坡缕石对Zn^2 的等温吸附曲线同时符合Langmuir方程和BET方程。在本实验条件下,坡缕石对水中的Zn^2 (20mL,Zn^2 浓度均为50mg/L)的最佳吸附工艺条件为:振荡速度150r/min,吸附时间120min,吸附剂用量0.120g,溶液pH为6.2,此条件下去除率达到T95.5%。  相似文献   

8.
新型杂卤石钾盐矿分布于川东北宣汉地区早-中三叠世蒸发岩层中,以杂卤石碎屑不均匀的分布于石盐层为特征。笔者对HC3井新型杂卤石钾盐矿段进行连续取样,并进行水溶化学实验,根据其可溶部分的主量、微量元素特征发现:①溶液中的(K+Mg)/Ca值平均为1.24,略小于杂卤石中的(K+Mg)/Ca值(1.27),整体损失率为2.36%,远小于CaSO4组分在杂卤石中的含量(48%),表明杂卤石在石盐基质溶解形成的NaCl溶液中有较好的溶解度,有利于溶采;②Br×103/Cl值分布在0.16~0.44,显示新型杂卤石钾盐矿的蒸发阶段位于正常石盐阶段内,整体较高,蒸发阶段稳定无剧烈波动,仅顶部出现快速淡化,结合前人对杂卤石的成因研究,笔者认为石盐层不具备形成杂卤石的条件,杂卤石碎屑是一种"外来物";③含硬石膏碎屑中,(K+Mg)/Ca值随着Br×103/Cl值的增加而增高,表明碎屑中的杂卤石的含量随成盐卤水浓缩程度的升高而增加。  相似文献   

9.
在75℃和pH=1.04~2.46时采用间歇型实验方法测定了天然白钨矿在HCl溶液中的溶解速率,揭示了溶解反应的动力学机理。结果表明,Ca的释放速率随反应时间保持稳定,并随pH降低而增大。W的释放行为则更为复杂,在反应初期与Ca呈一致溶解,之后由于钨酸表面层(中间产物)的形成,W的释放量和释放速率明显下降。这说明白钨矿的溶解作用由早期的表面化学反应转变为化学反应-扩散控制过程,从而导致W、Ca呈不一致溶解。pH越小,不一致溶解出现的时间越早。酸性溶液中白钨矿的溶解速率方程为v=k[H+]n,以W和Ca计算的速率常数k分别为0.65×10-5mol/m2s和1.04×10-5mol/m2s,反应级数n则分别为1.20和1.26。结合他人研究结果,白钨矿的溶解反应相对于H+可能为一级反应。  相似文献   

10.
以柴达木盆地昆特依盐湖大盐滩矿区杂卤石矿为原料,在300℃~500℃温区内进行杂卤石的焙烧,利用XRD表征焙烧前后矿物特征。结果表明:(1)杂卤石矿样焙烧后重量损失约0.41g,与杂卤石中两个结构水重量0.43g相当,表明在此温区内杂卤石结构破坏而使结构水脱除所致;(2)杂卤石矿样焙烧后,杂卤石中CaSO_4组分主要以硬石膏形式存在,K_2SO_4和MgSO_4组分以无水钾镁矾形式存在,两种矿物XRD特征峰非常明显;(3)随着焙烧温度的增加,焙烧产物中硬石膏和无水钾镁矾XRD特征峰强度随之变强,说明两种矿物含量增加,尤其在450℃和500℃时无水钾镁矾XRD特征峰最强;(4)杂卤石矿样中石英、云母、钠长石等硅酸盐矿物XRD特征峰强度不变,说明它们对杂卤石的热解无影响。经90℃热水浸取焙烧产物后发现,350℃~500℃温区内杂卤石矿样焙烧热浸后K收率皆大于95%,K离子含量皆大于43g/L,且随着焙烧温度的增加,溶浸液中K,Mg,SO_4离子含量和K收率随之增加,与无水钾镁矾XRD特征峰变化趋势一致,表明从杂卤石中提取价值元素K,Mg,SO_4等时,杂卤石结构破坏是非常重要的环节。  相似文献   

11.
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.  相似文献   

12.
Robert L. Linnen   《Lithos》2005,80(1-4):267-280
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.  相似文献   

13.
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).  相似文献   

14.
HYDROGEOLOGY     
正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level  相似文献   

15.
正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),  相似文献   

16.
17.
正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-  相似文献   

18.
正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-  相似文献   

19.
正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)  相似文献   

20.
GEOCHEMISTRY     
正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861  相似文献   

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