我国东北小古里河-科洛-五大连池-二克山火山带钾质矿物成因及地质意义   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

李霓  张柳毅  赵勇伟  曹园园  盘晓东 《岩石学报》2012,28(4):1173-1180

东北黑龙江小古里河-科洛-五大连池-二克山火山岩带是我国近代保存最好的火山群之一,此带火山岩的岩石化学特点全都强碱富钾,K₂O/Na₂O>1.2,属于一套高钾过碱性火山岩。通过对东北钾质火山岩及金云母橄榄岩地幔捕虏体中钾质矿物金云母、白榴石的成分、结晶环境与岩浆成分及来源关系的研究,认为在岩石圈伸展构造背景下,地幔金云母橄榄岩的低度部分熔融形成钾质岩浆,钾质岩浆上升到地壳浅部经历了白榴石的结晶作用。岩浆演化晚期,因钾质矿物大量晶出导致岩浆相对富钠而出现他形霞石和方钠石等填隙矿物。火山岩及地幔捕虏体中富挥发分矿物金云母、白榴石、磷灰石、霞石和方钠石还提供了钾质岩浆富含H₂O、F、Cl、P等挥发分的证据。  相似文献   

俯冲带中H_2O和K的深循环:对碰撞后富钾岩浆成因研究的启示   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

朱永峰 《地学前缘》2003,10(3):171-177

在俯冲过程中形成的超高压单斜辉石 (>5GPa)含一定量的H2 O和K2 O ,它因此能把地球浅部的水和钾携带到地幔深处。超高压单斜辉石在折返过程中以两种方式释放其中的H2 O和K2 O :(1)在低温环境下进入与单斜辉石共生的出溶矿物相如金云母、角闪石、多硅白云母、钾长石等 ;(2 )当温度足够高到发生部分熔融时 ,H2 O和K2 O将进入熔体相 ,形成富钾岩浆。超高压变质岩石能不能在其折返过程中产生部分熔融主要取决于折返的 p T轨迹。俯冲板片部分熔融形成熔体的性质在很大程度上取决于变质岩的部分熔融程度。虽然经受 p <5GPa变质作用的榴辉岩通过极低程度的部分熔融也有可能形成富钾熔体 ,但由于这类榴辉岩所能携带的K2 O和H2 O相对比较少 ,因此不可能产生大规模富钾熔体 ,但可能形成相对富Na的岩浆。超高压单斜辉石 (>5GPa)部分熔融产生的富钾岩浆可以解释碰撞后富钾岩浆的成因 ,这种富钾岩浆的形成深度一般较大 (位于～ 10 0km的地幔 )。而绿辉石部分熔融形成相对富钠熔体的深度相对较浅。从单斜辉石中释放出来的H2 O和K2 O能够合理地解释大陆碰撞后富钾岩浆的成因 ,通过俯冲板片折返过程的脱水和取钾反应 ,俯冲和折返过程与碰撞后岩浆活动密切联系在一起而成为一个整体。  相似文献   

华北中、新生代岩石圈地幔的交代作用：含金云母地幔岩提供的证据   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  

赵新苗张宏福  朱祥坤张文慧杨岳衡  汤艳杰 《岩石学报》2007,23(6):1281-1293

本文对华北克拉通三个不同地区(河北汉诺坝、内蒙古集宁三义堂、河南鹤壁)新发现的含金云母尖晶石二辉橄榄岩和尖晶石橄榄单斜辉石岩捕虏体进行了详细的矿物组成、单斜辉石的微量元素和 Sr-Nd 同位素研究。通过与相同地区不含金云母尖晶石二辉橄榄岩捕虏体的系统对比发现通常含金云母的地幔橄榄岩比不含金云母的地幔橄榄岩岩富 Al_2O_3、CaO、NaO、K_2O、TiO_2,但相对贫镁;其单斜辉石的 LREE 更为富集,但 Sr、Nd 同位素组成则相对亏损。这说明地幔交代作用不仅能够造成地幔橄榄岩的玄武质组分和稀土元素的富集,而且亦能够造成全岩和橄榄石 Mg~#的降低和同位素组成的相对亏损。捕虏体的 Rb-Sr 等时线年龄暗示地幔交代作用发生在中、新生代;其交代熔体来源于软流圈。同时说明华北新生代岩石圈地慢普遍存在的主、微量元素和同位素组成类似于"大洋型"岩石圈地幔的特征很可能是岩石圈地幔橄榄岩与软流圈来源的熔体的大规模反应的结果,而非真正意义上的新增生的岩石圈地幔。  相似文献   

汉诺坝地幔捕虏体中富硅熔体的成因及其意义     

杜星星  樊祺诚 《岩石学报》2011,27(5):1267-1274

近年来地幔捕虏体中富硅熔体的研究受到广泛关注,富硅熔体不仅具有多种产出状态,其成因来源也具有多样性。本文选取汉诺坝地区地幔捕虏体矿物中的熔体包裹体和斜方辉石反应边中的熔体玻璃为研究对象,探索富硅熔体在岩石圈地幔演化中的作用。通过详细的岩相学观察并结合电子探针分析发现,二者成因不同。熔体包裹体玻璃成分富硅(SiO₂ 61%~65%),相对贫Na₂O(1%~3%)、K₂O(<1%),富含挥发份(约3%~6%),为地幔交代成因;斜方辉石反应边玻璃富硅(SiO₂ 64%~67%)、碱(Na₂O 5%~7%,K₂O 6%~9%),几乎不含挥发份,是地幔捕虏体被寄主玄武岩浆快速携带上升至地表的过程中两者反应的产物。地幔交代作用产生的富硅熔体包裹体深刻影响了岩石圈地幔的地球化学性质;而玄武岩浆在上升过程中与岩石圈地幔捕虏体中斜方辉石的反应,导致了岩石圈地幔由富硅向贫硅转变,为华北克拉通的破坏提供了证据。  相似文献   

浙江西垄新生代玄武岩中熔体玻璃捕虏体          下载免费PDF全文

杜乐天  王文广 《地学前缘》2014,21(1):177-182

长期的热液铀矿研究发现铀的富集成矿和钾交代(长石化和绢英岩化)有紧密的时空成因联系。但钾来源于何处?至今不明。为了探索地壳中钾的深部来源,对地幔岩捕虏体进行了广泛检查,发现在浙江衢州西垄乌石山新生代玄武岩中,橄榄岩捕虏体斜方辉石不一致熔融产生的浆胞除了含有富钾熔体玻璃(K2O 13%~15%)外,还有透长石质熔体冷却淬火后形成的玻璃捕虏体。该捕虏体外貌像灰岩,极为细密,白色到浅灰,镜下透长石全为玻璃质,约2/3;透辉石(微晶,直径20μm),约占1/4。玻璃捕虏体K2O质量分数为7.10%,Na2O为2.89%。寄主玄武岩中的K2O为1.37%~2.50%,Na2O为2.43%~5.05%。此玻璃捕虏体和寄主玄武岩极不平衡,严重混染被消化。在很多捕虏体碎块中尚可取出保存较多的样品。其内部核心保存为原状,外圈灰色为混染带,内部的143 Nd/144 Nd=0.512 051,87Sr/86 Sr=0.710 300。此玻璃捕虏体的年龄为23.80Ma(K-Ar法),表明存在过剩氩40 Ar(来自40 K的衰变)。  相似文献   

钾质火山岩的成因研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

李天福  马鸿文 《地学前缘》1998,5(3):133-144

主要概括了三类超钾质火山岩的成因和大地构造背景,指明在不同地点和同一地点的超钾质岩之间存在着显著的成分差异。这些岩石各自对应着不同的源区条件和成分。根据实验结果,概括了超钾质岩源区的矿物组成和形成条件：钾镁煌斑岩类形成于先期亏损而又被再次强烈交代而富集的金云母方辉橄榄岩源区,具有富水的挥发份,在大多数情况下是强还原的,同类岩浆硅含量的不同可能是在不同的深度上部分熔融造成的,含金刚石的橄榄钾镁煌斑岩的起源深度最大;钾霞橄黄长岩形成于富单斜辉石和金云母的源区,具有富ＣＯ２的挥发份和较氧化条件;第三类超钾质岩形成于相对富集的尖晶石橄榄岩源区,也含有丰富的单斜辉石和金云母。超钾质岩液相线矿物组合与含金云母二辉橄榄岩组合不相吻合,结合辉石岩的熔融实验,表明含金云母方辉橄榄岩组合和富金云母、辉石的源区组合可能在超钾质岩的成因方面也起着重要的作用。最近的实验结果表明,近固相线的矿物组合更能代表源区的组合。大部分超钾质岩形成于深度大于１００ｋｍ的上地幔内。与之有关的地幔交代作用的氧逸度与ＦＭＱ缓冲剂相当,交代介质为低密度的流体和熔体。因压力和挥发份组成的不同而造成源区不同矿物稳定性的差异,从而最终影响了所形成的熔体成分。最?  相似文献   

汉诺坝玄武岩中熔体-捕虏体相互作用初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杜星星  樊祺诚 《岩石矿物学杂志》2010,29(4):377-386

汉诺坝新生代玄武岩捕获的地幔橄榄岩及其解体矿物橄榄石、单斜辉石、斜方辉石捕虏晶,普遍发育反应边结构,提供了玄武岩浆在上升穿越岩石圈地幔过程中橄榄岩-熔体相互作用的重要信息。橄榄石和单斜辉石捕虏晶反应边的成分变化一致,由核部富镁向边部富铁变化,趋同于玄武岩中相应斑晶的成分。斜方辉石捕虏晶反应边一般由橄榄石+单斜辉石+玻璃构成,多为双层结构,反应边矿物橄榄石、单斜辉石较相应的地幔矿物富铁,其富硅、碱的中酸性玻璃成分,为中国东部地幔矿物包裹体中存在的富硅、碱熔体的来源提供了重要信息。同时发现橄榄岩捕虏体中尖晶石颜色、成分的变化与温度的关系。地幔矿物捕虏晶反应边结构(非平衡结构)得以保存,暗示了玄武岩浆的快速上升。而大规模的熔体-捕虏体相互作用,改变着岩石圈地幔的性质。  相似文献   

河北汉诺坝玄武岩中幔源捕虏体中的水   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

郭立鹤  林兴源  谢漫泽  冯家麟  吴淑琪 《地质学报》1998,72(2)

本文对河北汉诺坝玄武岩内的幔源捕虏体矿物进行了系统地红外光谱学研究。结果表明,来自该地区约75km以上的地幔捕虏体普遍含有微量水(0.45×10~(-2)％～11.6×10~(-2)％,以H_2O计算,下同),以OH~-形式主要赋存在辉石(及橄榄石?)中,而不是在角闪石或金云母中。捕虏体中的水可能首先进入橄榄石、石榴石及辉石晶格,角闪石或金云母晶出在后。虽然角闪石及金云母晶格中含有比辉石高百倍的水,但它们所含的水可能是局部水的富集,与相对规模较小的岩浆事件或交代作用有关。早期研究估计的75km以上原始地幔岩中含0.1％水的数据可能偏高。汉诺坝玄武岩捕虏体含水量(多数1.11×10~(-2)％～3.01×10~(-2)％)比大洋中脊玄武岩和南非金伯利岩中捕虏体含水量(多数低于1.00×10~(-2)％)略高。反映了水在上地幔中时间、空间分布的不均匀性。幔源无水硅酸盐矿物中含有微量水这一事实,为了解上地幔中水的分布,水在地幔中的动力学、地球化学过程所起的作用提供了重要基础数据。  相似文献   

陕西岚皋早古生代地幔特征及形成机制探讨     

徐学义  黄月华  夏林圻  夏祖春 《地质学报》1999,73(4)

陕西岚皋境内赋存于早古生代碱质潜火山煌斑杂岩中的“金云角闪辉石岩”捕虏体是交代地幔捕虏体。主要组成矿物为单斜辉石、角闪石、金云母、磷灰石、钙钛矿、钛铁矿及榍石,发育“三联晶”、“碎裂边”等固相线下的变质变形结构;矿物学研究表明单斜辉石富SiO_2、MgO,贫Al_2O_3、TiO_2,与寄主岩中深源单斜辉石巨晶及单斜辉石斑晶成分差别明显,形成于地幔压力范畴。角闪石和金云母具地幔交代成因的成分待点。Sm-Nd同位素的研究表明,本区交代地幔是原始地幔受来源于地幔柱  相似文献   

橄榄岩-熔体的相互作用:岩石圈地幔组成转变的重要方式   总被引：33，自引：2，他引：31  

张宏福 《地学前缘》2006,13(2):65-75

橄榄岩-熔体/岩浆的相互作用常被用来解释蛇绿岩套橄榄岩、造山带橄榄岩、超镁铁质侵入杂岩体、地幔橄榄岩捕虏体中某些具有不平衡结构和矿物组成的岩石的形成过程。橄榄岩-熔体的反应主要有两种方式,即消耗橄榄石(和单斜辉石)生成斜方辉石或消耗斜方辉石生成橄榄石(和单斜辉石)。反应的结果不仅造成矿物百分含量的变化,而且造成矿物组成的变化;后者更重要但未引起足够的重视。华北东部中生代玄武质岩石中具有环带状结构的橄榄石和辉石捕虏晶,特别是具有环带状结构的地幔橄榄岩捕虏体的发现,暗示这种橄榄岩-熔体的相互作用在华北东南部中生代岩石圈地幔中很可能普遍存在,为岩石圈地幔组成转变和快速富集的重要方式。这是全球首例由橄榄岩-熔体相互反应造成的岩石圈地幔大规模的组成变化。反应熔体来源途径主要有地壳来源和软流圈地幔来源。来源不同的熔体与橄榄岩的反应造成的组成变化完全不同。  相似文献   

华北克拉通北缘晚志留世末-早泥盆世钾质碱性岩的成因及对区域构造演化的限定     

牛晓露  刘飞  冯光英  毛小红 《岩石矿物学杂志》2021,40(5):835-858

华北克拉通北缘晚志留世末-早泥盆世碱性岩的成因研究可以为古生代古亚洲洋与华北克拉通的相互作用过程提供重要信息。本文以内蒙古达茂旗黄合少正长岩为研究对象,开展了锆石U-Pb年代学、矿物化学、地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素的研究,并综合同带其他代表性岩体的岩石矿物及元素特征,探讨了华北克拉通北缘钾质碱性岩的岩浆体系性质、源区特征及构造动力学背景。黄合少正长岩的主要岩石类型为碱性长石正长岩,锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为417.6±4.7 Ma,为晚志留世末期岩浆作用的产物;主要组成矿物为霓辉石和钾长石(An_0Ab_(2～5)Or_(95～98))及少量钠长石(An_0Ab_(95～100)Or_(0～5)),可见霓辉石内部部分转化为蓝透闪石或镁钠闪石;黄合少正长岩具有较高的全碱含量(Na_2O+K_2O=12.79%～15.30%)和里特曼指数(8.48～11.09),较高的K_2O含量(8.66%～13.78%)和K_2O/Na_2O值(2.10～9.07),指示黄合少正长岩属于钾质-超钾质碱性岩系列;较高的Sr含量和富集放射性成因的Sr同位素组成(初始~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值为0.704 1～0.706 1),显示岩体起源于被俯冲沉积物交代过的富集岩石圈地幔。华北克拉通北缘晚志留世末-早泥盆世钾质碱性岩的发育,指示早古生代期间发育古亚洲洋板片向华北克拉通下的俯冲,俯冲相关物质对华北克拉通岩石圈地幔进行交代,形成含金云母/角闪石等交代矿物的易熔地幔;晚志留世末-早泥盆世时,由于微陆块的拼贴碰撞,华北克拉通北缘暂时处于碰撞后伸展演化阶段。  相似文献   

兴蒙造山带北部岩石圈地幔橄榄岩氧逸度特征研究     

刘金霖  李怀滨  王建  张云峰 《岩石学报》2021,37(7):2073-2085

在大兴安岭北部的诺敏和科洛地区的新生代玄武岩中发现了尖晶石相的橄榄岩包体。地幔橄榄岩中橄榄石的Mg~#说明了研究区上地幔具有部分难熔的特点。在橄榄石含量与Fo图解中,有一部分橄榄岩包体落在太古代和元古代的地幔区域,揭示了研究区的岩石圈地幔存在古老岩石圈地幔的残余。研究区方辉橄榄岩与二辉橄榄岩有显示高氧逸度值FMQ+1.95～3.01,这与一般情况下相对还原的古老岩石圈地幔的低氧逸度值形成鲜明对比,可能为古生代的古亚洲洋以及中生代的古太平洋相继俯冲到了兴蒙造山带之下,导致当时岩石圈地幔的氧化所致。在地幔包体的反应边中发现了富钾熔体(K20 1%-6%),这被认为研究区地幔经历了多期富钾流体活动,富钾流体的来源可能与俯冲再循环的壳源物质有关。  相似文献   

Archaean TTGs as sources of younger granitic magmas: melting of sodic metatonalites at 0.6–1.2 GPa     

J. M. Watkins  J. D. Clemens  P. J. Treloar 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2007,154(1):91-110

Two natural, low K₂O/Na₂O, TTG tonalitic gneisses (one hornblende-bearing and the other biotite-bearing) were partially melted at 0.8–1.2 GPa (fluid-absent). The chief melting reactions involve the breakdown of the biotite and hornblende. The hornblende tonalite is slightly less fertile than the biotite tonalite, but melt volumes reach around 30% at 1,000°C. This contrasts with results of most previous work on more potassic TTGs, which generally showed much lower fertility, though commonly producing more potassic melts. Garnet is formed in biotite-bearing tonalitic protoliths at P > 0.8 GPa and at > 1.0 GPa in hornblende-bearing tonalitic protoliths. All fluid-absent experiments produced peraluminous granitic to granodioritic melts, typically with SiO₂ > 70 wt.%. For the biotite tonalite, increasing T formed progressively more melt with progressively lower K₂O/Na₂O. However, the compositions of melts from the hornblende tonalite do not vary significantly with T. With increasing P, melts from the biotite tonalite become less potassic, due to the increasing thermal stability of biotite. For the hornblende tonalite, again there is no consistent trend. Fluid-absent melting of sodic TTGs produces melts with insufficient K₂O to model the magmas that formed the voluminous, late, potassic granites that are common in Archaean terranes. Reconnaissance fluid-present experiments at 0.6 GPa imply that H₂O-saturated partial melting of TTGs is also not a viable process for producing magmas that formed these granites. The protoliths for these must have been more potassic and less silicic. Nevertheless, at granulite-facies conditions, sodic TTGs will produce significant quantities of broadly leucogranodioritic melt that will be more potassic than the protoliths. Upward abstraction of this melt would result in some LILE depletion of the terrane. Younger K-rich magmatism is unlikely to represent recycling of TTG crust on its own, and it seems most likely that evolved crustal rocks and/or highly enriched mantle must be involved. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

西天山哈拉达拉辉长岩的Fe-Ti富集机制及其构造意义   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

贺鹏丽  黄小龙  李洪颜  李洁  于洋  李武显 《岩石学报》2013,29(10):3457-3472

特克斯哈拉达拉辉长岩体是西南天山出露规模最大的层状基性-超基性侵入杂岩体,其富含Fe-Ti氧化物(含量高达15%)。哈拉达拉辉长岩中的橄榄石具有较低的Fo值(64~75),斜长石主要为中-拉长石,单斜辉石相对低Mg^#(0.66~0.87),属于次透辉石或普通辉石,总体上显示出较高的岩浆演化程度。Fe-Ti氧化物以钒钛磁铁矿为主(TiO₂=0.8%~20.6%;V₂O₃=0.10%~0.83%),常与钛铁矿呈矿物对共生或出溶钛铁矿。晚期的云母矿物均围绕他形的Fe-Ti氧化物生长,主要为富MgO的金云母,少量属于黑云母;大部分云母成分富含F、Cl(F+Cl高达3.14%),指示岩浆形成于贫水环境。哈拉达拉辉长岩体的主量元素成分变化很大(Mg^#=0.48~0.73),橄榄辉长岩主要受橄榄石和斜长石的结晶分异/堆晶作用影响,而辉长岩的成分变化主要受控于斜长石和Fe-Ti氧化物的堆晶作用。哈拉达拉岩体的Fe-Ti氧化物主要为岩浆正常结晶分异作用的结果,该体系具有较低氧逸度、贫水的特点,其地幔源区的熔融程度较高,可能是塔里木地幔柱在天山造山带这一构造薄弱带的早期岩浆活动。  相似文献   

华北北缘大同地区三叠纪煌斑岩铂族元素成因研究     

牛晓露  冯光英  刘飞  杨经绥 《岩石学报》2017,33(12):3897-3908

华北克拉通北缘中段大同地区发育呈岩墙形式产出的煌斑岩,该煌斑岩为超钾质碱性岩,极度低硅低钠高镁高钙高钾,且富H_2O和CO_2等流体组分。本文利用镍锍试金-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了这套煌斑岩的铂族元素组成,获得了其形成及演化过程的一些信息。大同煌斑岩铂族元素含量极低,∑PGE=2.14×10~(-9)~4.50×10~(-9),原始地幔标准化铂族元素配分型式为左倾型,亏损Ir亚组(IPGE),富集Pd亚组(PPGE),(Pd/Ir)_N=3.48~10.43。低铂族元素含量、高Cu/Ni比值(48101~90926)和高(Pd/Ir)_N比值指示大同煌斑岩形成于地幔低程度部分熔融(1%~13%),熔体形成时仍有部分硫化物残留于源区。岩浆演化过程中,未发生明显的结晶分异作用和地壳混染作用,硫未达到饱和-过饱和,未发生硫化物熔离作用。计算获得铂族元素在原始地幔与煌斑岩熔体间的分配系数分别为D_(Os)=35~124,D_(Ir)=13~35,D_(Ru)=34~91,D_(Rh)=5.8~10,D_(Pt)=3.1~9.7,D_(Pd)=2.2~4.5;PPGE较IPGE明显更不相容。与峨眉山大火成岩省玄武岩对比研究发现,岩浆岩中的铂族元素含量主要受源区地幔部分熔融程度和演化过程中硫化物熔离作用共同影响;而铂族元素之间的分异受源区部分熔融程度和岩浆分离结晶作用共同影响。  相似文献   

Origin of K-rich diamond-forming immiscible melts and CO2 fluid via partial melting of carbonated pelites at a depth of 180–200 km     

《Gondwana Research》2019

Melt inclusions in kimberlitic and metamorphic diamonds worldwide range in composition from potassic aluminosilicate to alkali-rich carbonatitic and their low-temperature derivative, a saline high-density fluid (HDF). The discovery of CO₂ inclusions in diamonds containing eclogitic minerals are also essential. These melts and HDFs may be responsible for diamond formation and metasomatic alteration of mantle rocks since the late Archean to Phanerozoic. Although a genetic link between these melts and fluids was suggested, their origin is still highly uncertain. Here we present experimental results on melting phase relations in a carbonated pelite at 6 GPa and 900–1500 °C. We found that just below solidus K₂O enters potassium feldspar or K₂TiSi₃O₉ wadeite coexisting with clinopyroxene, garnet, kyanite, coesite, and dolomite. The potassium phases react with dolomite to produce garnet, kyanite, coesite, and potassic dolomitic melt, 40(K_0.90Na_0.10)₂CO₃·60Ca_0.55Mg_0.24Fe_0.21CO₃ + 1.9 mol% SiO₂ + 0.7 mol% TiO₂ + 1.4 mol% Al₂O₃ at the solidus established near 1000 °C. Molecular CO₂ liberates at 1100 °C. Potassic aluminosilicate melt appears in addition to carbonatite melt at 1200 °C. This melt contains (mol/wt%): SiO₂ = 57.0/52.4, TiO₂ = 1.8/2.3, Al₂O₃ = 8.5/13.0, FeO = 1.4/1.6, MgO = 1.9/1.2, CaO = 3.8/3.2, Na₂O = 3.2/3.0, K₂O = 10.5/15.2, CO₂ = 12.0/8.0, while carbonatite melt can be approximated as 24(K_0.81Na_0.19)₂CO₃·76Ca_0.59Mg_0.21Fe_0.20CO₃ + 3.0 mol% SiO₂ + 1.6 mol% TiO₂ + 1.4 mol% Al₂O₃. Both melts remain stable to at least 1500 °C coexisting with CO₂ fluid and residual eclogite assemblage consisting of K-rich omphacite (0.4–1.5 wt% K₂O), almandine-pyrope-grossular garnet, kyanite, and coesite. The obtained immiscible alkali‑carbonatitic and potassic aluminosilicate melts resemble compositions of melt inclusions in diamonds worldwide. Thus, these melts entrapped by diamonds could be derived by partial melting of the carbonated material of the continental crust subducted down to 180–200 km depths. Given the high solubility of chlorides and water in both carbonate and aluminosilicate melts inferred in previous experiments, the saline end-member, brine, could evolve from potassic carbonatitic and/or silicic melts by fractionation of Ca-Mg carbonates/eclogitic minerals and accumulation of alkalis, chlorine and water in the residual low-temperature supercritical fluid. Direct extraction from the hydrated marine sediments under conditions of cold subduction would be another possibility for the brine formation.  相似文献   

Chemical composition,volatile components,and trace elements in the melts of the Gorely volcanic center,southern Kamchatka: Evidence from inclusions in minerals   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. L. Tolstykh  V. B. Naumov  M. G. Gavrilenko  A. Yu. Ozerov  N. N. Kononkova 《Geochemistry International》2012,50(6):522-550

Melt inclusions in olivine and plagioclase phenocrysts from rocks (magnesian basalt, basaltic andesite, andesite, ignimbrite, and dacite) of various age from the Gorely volcanic center, southern Kamchatka, were studying by means of their homogenization and by analyzing the glasses in 100 melt inclusions on an electron microprobe and 24 inclusions on an ion probe. The SiO₂ concentrations of the melts vary within a broad range of 45–74 wt %, as also are the concentrations of other major components. According to their SiO₂, Na₂O, K₂O, TiO₂, and P₂O₅ concentrations, the melts are classified into seven groups. The mafic melts (45–53 wt % SiO₂) comprise the following varieties: potassic (on average 4.2 wt % K₂O, 1.7 wt % Na₂O, 1.0 wt % TiO₂, and 0.20 wt % P₂O₅), sodic (3.2% Na₂O, 1.1% K₂O, 1.1% TiO₂, and 0.40% P₂O₅), and titaniferous with high P₂O₅ concentrations (2.2% TiO₂, 1.1% P₂O₅, 3.8% Na₂O, and 3.0% K₂O). The melts of intermediate composition (53–64% SiO₂) also include potassic (5.6% K₂O, 3.4% Na₂O, 1.0% TiO₂, and 0.4% P₂O₅) and sodic (4.3% Na₂O, 2.8% K₂O, 1.3% TiO₂, and 0.4% P₂O₅) varieties. The acid melts (64–74% SiO₂) are either potassic (4.5% K₂O, 3.6% Na₂O, 0.7% TiO₂, and 0.15% P₂O₅) or sodic (4.5% Na₂O, 3.1% K₂O, 0.7% TiO₂, and 0.13% P₂O₅). A distinctive feature of the Gorely volcanic center is the pervasive occurrence of K-rich compositions throughout the whole compositional range (silicity) of the melts. Melt inclusions of various types were sometimes found not only in a single sample but also in the same phenocrysts. The sodic and potassic types of the melts contain different Cl and F concentrations: the sodic melts are richer in Cl, whereas the potassic melts are enriched in F. We are the first to discover potassic melts with very high F concentrations (up to 2.7 wt %, 1.19 wt % on average, 17 analyses) in the Kuriles and Kamchatka. The average F concentration in the sodic melts is 0.16 wt % (37 analyses). The melts are distinguished for their richness in various groups of trace elements: LILE, REE (particularly HREE), and HFSE (except Nb). All of the melts share certain geochemical features. The concentrations of elements systematically increase from the mafic to acid melts (except only for the Sr and Eu concentrations, because of active plagioclase fractionation, and Ti, an element contained in ore minerals). The paper presents a review of literature data on volcanic rocks in the Kurile-Kamchatka area in which melt inclusions with high K₂O concentrations (K₂O/Na₂O > 1) were found. K-rich melts are proved to be extremely widespread in the area and were found on such volcanoes as Avachinskii, Bezymyannyi, Bol’shoi Semyachek, Dikii Greben’, Karymskii, Kekuknaiskii, Kudryavyi, and Shiveluch and in the Valaginskii and Tumrok Ranges.  相似文献   

Synchrotron radiation study on the high-pressure and high-temperature phase relations of KAlSi3O8     

S. Urakawa  T. Kondo  N. Igawa  O. Shimomura  H. Ohno 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1994,21(6):387-391

In situ X-ray diffraction study on KAlSi₃O₈ has been performed using the cubic type high pressure apparatus, MAX90, combined with synchrotron radiation. We determined the phase relations of sanidine, the wadeite-type K₂Si₄O₉+kyanite (Al₂SiO₅)+coesite (SiO₂) assemblage, and hollandite-type KAlSi₃O₈, including melting temperatures of potassic phases, up to 11 GPa. Our data on subsolidus phase boundaries are close to the recent data of Yagi and Akaogi (1991). Melting relations of sanidine are consistent with the low pressure data of Lindsley (1966). The breakdown of sanidine into three phases reduces melting temperature, and wadeite-type K₂Si₄O₉ melts first around 1500° C in three phase coexisting region. Melting point of hollandite-type KAlSi₃O₈ is between 1700° C and 1800° C at 11 GPa. If these potassic phases host potassium in the earth's mantle, the true mantle solidus temperature will be much lower than the reported dry solidus temperature of peridotite.  相似文献   

New constraints on granulite facies metamorphism and melt production in the Lewisian Complex,northwest Scotland          下载免费PDF全文

Yves Feisel  Richard W. White  Richard M. Palin  Tim E. Johnson 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2018,36(6):799-819

In this study, we investigate the metamorphic history of the Assynt and Gruinard blocks of the Archean Lewisian Complex, northwest Scotland, which are considered by some to represent discrete crustal terranes. For samples of mafic and intermediate rocks, phase diagrams were constructed in the Na₂O–CaO–K₂O–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O–TiO₂–O₂ (NCKFMASHTO) system using whole‐rock compositions. Our results indicate that all samples equilibrated at similar peak metamorphic conditions of ~8–10 kbar and ~900–1,000°C, consistent with field evidence for in situ partial melting and the classic interpretation of the central region of the Lewisian Complex as representing a single crustal block. Melt‐reintegration modelling was employed in order to estimate probable protolith compositions. Phase equilibria calculated for these modelled undepleted precursors match well with those determined for a subsolidus amphibolite from Gairloch in the southern region of the Lewisian Complex. Both subsolidus lithologies exhibit similar phase relations and potential melt fertility, with both expected to produce orthopyroxene‐bearing hornblende granulites, with or without garnet, at the conditions inferred for the Badcallian metamorphic peak. For fully hydrated protoliths, prograde melting is predicted to first occur at ~620°C and ~9.5 kbar, with up to 45% partial melt predicted to form at peak conditions in a closed‐system environment. Partial melts calculated for both compositions between 610 and 1,050°C are mostly trondhjemitic. Although the melt‐reintegrated granulite is predicted to produce more potassic (granitic) melts at ~700–900°C, the modelled melts are consistent with the measured compositions of felsic sheets from the central region Lewisian Complex.  相似文献