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1.
微生物参与铁氧化物矿物的还原性溶解是高砷地下水形成的关键过程,其中具有砷还原功能的微生物如何参与含水层砷释放的生物地球化学过程亟待研究.利用从江汉平原典型高砷含水层中厌氧条件下分离出的四株细菌(Citrobacter sp.JH-1、Clostridium sp.JH-6、Exiguobacterium sp.JH-13、Paenibacillus sp.JH-33),通过室内厌氧模拟培养实验,查明其砷、铁还原能力,并通过分别与铁氧化物矿物及原位沉积物共同培养,探究原位含水层微生物参与的砷释放机理.结果表明:四株细菌均具有厌氧条件下砷、铁还原功能,Citrobacter sp.JH-1砷还原能力最强,96 h内还原的As(Ⅴ)浓度为2.22 μmol/L.其中Citrobacter sp.JH-1不仅可在厌氧和有氧条件下还原溶液中的As(Ⅴ),还可在厌氧条件下还原溶液中的Fe(Ⅲ)和无定型的水铁矿,在与含水层沉积物共培养12 d后,沉积物中铁与砷的释放量分别为510 mg/kg及1 150 μg/kg.江汉平原含水层中的原位微生物兼具砷/铁还原功能,在厌氧条件下可还原沉积物中的铁氧化物矿物并促进砷的释放,为深入揭示高砷地下水成因机理与地下水砷污染的防控提供重要科学依据. 相似文献
2.
As(Ⅲ)毒性高,易迁移,且是厌氧条件下地下水中主要存在形式。纳米铁颗粒在含砷水体处理中受到广泛关注,而锌具有比铁更低的氧化还原电位且更易保存,被认为是用于氯代有机化合物还原的最佳金属,但有关纳米锌用于水体中砷的研究很少。本文研究了纳米锌吸附As(Ⅲ)的反应动力学性质和吸附As(Ⅲ)的主要影响因素。通过应用准一级动力学、准二级动力学和粒内扩散三种模型对吸附过程进行模拟,结果显示纳米锌吸附As(Ⅲ)的过程更符合二级反应动力学模型,速率常数k2为0.18 g/(mg·min),吸附量为0.47 mg/g,且去除机理以化学吸附为主。批实验结果表明,纳米锌对As(Ⅲ)吸附最佳条件为:振荡时间120 min,纳米锌投加量2.5 g/L,pH值2~7。在最佳实验条件下,纳米锌对起始浓度为0.565 mg/L As(Ⅲ)和0.568 mg/L As(Ⅴ)进行吸附试验,As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的去除率均能达到99.5%以上,表明纳米锌对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)都有很好的去除效果,可作为处理水体中砷的吸附材料之一。以纳米锌作为吸附材料与传统方法相比,并不需要将As(Ⅲ)预氧化成As(Ⅴ),在实际应用中可简化水处理程序,节约处理成本。 相似文献
3.
通过两种还原型微生物铁还原菌JF-5和硫酸盐还原菌SRB对模拟酸矿废水中Fe~(3+)和SO~(2-)_4的还原作用合成纳米FeS,并将该生物纳米FeS包覆在灰岩表面,以提高灰岩可渗透反应墙(PRBs)对酸矿废水中砷的去除能力。通过批吸附实验研究As(Ⅴ)的静态吸附机理,柱实验研究As(Ⅴ)在包覆灰岩柱中的动态吸附和迁移,结果表明,包覆层生物FeS粒径为纳米级,并呈现一定晶形,能有效提高灰岩表面的比表面积和对As(Ⅴ)的吸附能力,红外光谱分析表明化学吸附为主要吸附机制;生物纳米FeS包覆灰岩静态吸附实验最大吸附量为187.46μg/g,达到纯灰岩吸附量(6.64μg/g)的30倍;JF-5和SRB形成的生物包覆吸附性质优于SRB和Fe(Ⅱ),二者对As(Ⅴ)的吸附能力都远大于纯灰岩对As(Ⅴ)的滞留能力。 相似文献
4.
为了研究厌氧微生物作用下沉积物中砷的形态转化及固液界面的分配过程对砷的环境行为与归趋的影响,通过采集锦州湾清洁沉积物进行负载砷,利用微生物培养与非生物培养实验,对比研究厌氧微生物作用下砷铁硫共还原条件下污染体系中砷的环境行为与归趋。实验结果表明在培养的42 d周期内,液相的总砷量首先砷浓度保持降低趋势,而后再次升高。在培养第3~7 d时液相的As5+迅速被还原,约26%的溶解态砷从液相移除,97%以上的As5+被还原为As3+。同时微生物作用下固相中90%以上铁氧化物矿物逐渐转化为次生的亚铁矿物,固相中结晶态铁氧化物发生明显活化,而硫酸盐还原产物硫离子综合调控体系中游离的亚铁离子和As3+。因此,厌氧微生物还原条件下,砷,铁,硫同步发生还原,硫离子调控体系中砷和铁环境行为,硫化亚铁成为亚铁矿物的主要形态,硫化砷是砷的主要归趋。 相似文献
5.
为查明大同盆地高砷地下水的分布规律及其主要控制因素,对大同盆地典型高砷区35件地下水样进行了水化学特征及形态分析研究。结果表明,高砷地下水[ρ(As)≥50μg/L]主要存在于20~50 m的浅层地下水中,总砷质量浓度为0.56~927μg/L,主要以As(Ⅴ)形态存在。该区高砷地下水以Na-HCO3型水为主,具有明显的高pH值,高HCO-3、Fe2+、HS-质量浓度及低Eh值,低SO2-4质量浓度特征。这可能与微生物催化氧化有机碳的同时还原含铁矿物和硫酸盐的过程有关。PHREEQC模拟矿物饱和指数结果表明,高砷地下水[ρ(As)≥50μg/L]中菱铁矿均为过饱和,而低砷地下水[ρ(As)50μg/L]中均不饱和,且菱铁矿饱和指数与地下水中总砷质量浓度呈显著正相关性,该现象表明微生物还原含铁矿物生成FeCO3(菱铁矿)的过程可能是控制本区地下水中砷富集的主要因素。 相似文献
6.
湖南石门雄黄矿区黄水溪砷昼夜变化及藻对砷释放影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湖南石门黄水溪受历史雄黄矿区污染严重,溪流中砷昼夜变化及藻-砷矿物水岩作用昼夜规律的研究对认识该流域中砷的迁移行为和控制污染具有重要意义。本研究野外调查了砷浓度的昼夜变化及其水化学参数,实验分离出黄水溪藻种并且模拟了光合作用下藻的生长与砷矿物(雄黄)释砷动力学过程。研究结果表明,黄水溪流中砷浓度范围在0.8～1.1 mg/L之间,夜晚降低,白天上升,且湖口处砷分层效应最为明显,温度、pH值、溶解氧及碳酸根含量与砷浓度变化规律一致,但叶绿素a和碳酸氢根含量与砷浓度变化规律相反;黄水溪藻种丰富,分离获得了小球藻、水绵、栅藻等多种藻类;在实验中,相比于纯雄黄,低浓度藻能够促使每克雄黄在48 h作用后释放182.1 mg的As(Ⅲ)和459.3 mg的As(V);中浓度藻存在显著的吸收现象,且As(Ⅲ)优于As(V);高浓度藻促进雄黄释放,显著提高As(V)释放量,是纯雄黄释放的2.9倍。本文实验结果表明,昼夜变化能改变砷的浓度和价态,其中藻的存在起着重要的作用。 相似文献
7.
天然磁铁矿化学改性及其在水体除砷中的应用 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
铁氧化物及其复合氧化物(如菱铁矿、水铁矿)的表面电荷高、比表面积大,在特定条件下对亚砷酸盐和砷酸盐有较强的结合能力和亲和性,以铁氧化物作为吸附剂处理高砷水已经成为研究热点之一。天然磁铁矿的主要成分为Fe_3O_4,但其本身活性较弱,直接应用于处理高砷水的除砷率低。本文对天然磁铁矿采取酸化、碱化、不同温度灼烧、不同灼烧时间等简易的方法进行改性,达到有效去除水中砷的目的。实验结果表明:经0.5 mol/L盐酸浸泡、150℃灼烧10 min的改性磁铁矿分别处理As(Ⅲ)溶液和As(Ⅴ)溶液时,As(Ⅴ)去除率达98%,吸附能力显著增强,达到预期目标;溶液中As(Ⅲ)浓度从1000μg/L下降到250μg/L,去除率达75%,即As吸附能力明显优于未改性的天然磁铁矿,与其他改性铁矿除砷能力相近,而改性方法更加简便、易行。本文研究的改性天然磁铁矿吸附剂为控制高砷水的砷含量提供了一种切实可用的吸附材料。 相似文献
8.
对石门4处典型不同种类的含砷尾矿进行样品采集,并采用1种氧化菌(氧化亚铁硫杆菌,Thiobacillus ferrooxidans,简称T.f)和2种还原菌(硫酸盐还原菌,sulfate reducing bacteria,简称SR;嗜酸铁还原菌,Acidiphilium cryptum JF-5,简称JF-5)分别对其进行作用,据此研究生物还原和氧化条件下原生和次生含砷矿物的释砷情况,进而确定潜在的释砷风险。ICP-OES定量分析显示,3种细菌作用后,雄黄矿和雌黄矿的砷释出浓度都不断升高。168 h氧化菌T.f作用后的砷释出顺序为雌黄矿>淋滤液次生含砷矿物>雄黄矿>含砷夹矸尾矿。LC-AFS原子荧光分析释出液砷形态结果表明:①T.f作用后,雄黄矿和雌黄矿表现出非常明显的差异;1.5 h作用后4种含砷矿物释放As(Ⅴ)的顺序为含砷夹矸尾矿>雄黄矿>淋滤液次生含砷矿物>雌黄矿;②2种还原菌作用后,SR更能促进雌黄矿释放的As(Ⅲ),其释放量是JF-5的2倍;雌黄矿释出As(Ⅲ)在168 h达到20.64 mg/L(SR)和9.54 mg/L(JF-5)。96 h SR作用后4种含砷矿物释放As(Ⅲ)的顺序为雌黄矿>淋滤液次生含砷矿物>含砷夹矸尾矿>雄黄矿。96 h JF-5作用后4种含砷矿物释放As(Ⅲ)的顺序为雄黄矿>雌黄矿>含砷夹矸尾矿>淋滤液次生含砷矿物。 相似文献
9.
含硫化物尾矿常常释放大量的酸性排水和重金属,污染地下水、地表水和土壤,破坏生态系统,因此日益成为人们关注的焦点。本文以安徽铜陵杨山冲尾矿库浅层富硫化物尾矿为研究对象,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、光电子能谱(XPS)和同步辐射近边吸收精细结构谱(XANES)等方法,系统分析了尾矿中砷的赋存形式,发现尾矿中的砷有3种价态: As(-Ⅰ)、As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)。在风化较弱的下部尾矿中,砷以As(-Ⅰ)、As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的形式赋存;而强烈风化的表层尾矿中只检测到As(Ⅴ)的存在。从下部到表层,从低价态的As(-Ⅰ)和As(Ⅲ)逐渐变为高价态的As(Ⅴ)。下部尾矿中的砷主要赋存于黄铁矿中,而表层尾矿中的砷主要赋存在铁的(氢)氧化物和硫酸盐中。 相似文献
10.
高砷地下水在我国广泛分布,开发绿色高效的除砷材料对于促进地区发展和保障居民饮用水安全具有重要意义.采用共沉淀法结合NaOH水热处理技术制备了二氧化锰改性粉煤灰吸附材料MFA150,并研究其对地下水中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的吸附特性.结果表明,NaOH水热处理破坏了原始粉煤灰的玻璃体结构,且在这一过程中生成沸石相,粉煤灰比表面积由1.30 m2/g增加至40.26 m2/g.在负载MnO2后,MFA150比表面积达到148.82 m2/g.此外,吸附材料表面-OH的含量显著增加,为As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)提供了更多的吸附活性位点.MFA150对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的吸附过程符合Elovich模型和Freundlich模型.在中性条件下MFA150对As(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅲ)的吸附量分别达到2.55 mg/g和9.71 mg/g,酸性条件更有利于吸附.溶液中共存的HCO3-和PO43-会抑制As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的吸附,... 相似文献
11.
Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
12.
Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
13.
The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
14.
Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
15.
正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level 相似文献
16.
正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7), 相似文献
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正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci- 相似文献
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正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli- 相似文献
20.
正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.) 相似文献