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1.
Long-Term Variability of North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water in Response to Spin-Up of the Subtropical Gyre 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Meteorological Research Institute's ocean general circulation model (MRI-OGCM) has been used to investigate the temperature
variability of the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (NPSTMW) over a time series longer than 5 years via the spin-up of
the subtropical gyre. Besides an interannual variation, the wintertime sea surface temperature in the area where the NPSTMW
is formed, and the temperature of the NPSTMW itself, both change remarkably in a >5-year time scale. An analysis of heat budgets
showed that the long-term changes in NPSTMW temperature are due mainly to a leading advection of heat by the Kuroshio Extension
and compensating surface heat flux. As a result of a dynamical adjustment to the wind stress fields, the transports of the
Kuroshio and the Kuroshio Extension increased in the mid 1970s with a lag of 3 years after the wind stress curl in the central
North Pacific. The increased heat advection by the Kuroshio Extension induces a warming in the mixed layer in the NPSTMW formation
area, followed by a warming of the NPSTMW itself. Both these warming actions increase the heat release to the atmosphere.
These results imply that the surface heat flux over the Kuroshio Extension area varies in response to the change in the ocean
circulation through the spin-up of the subtropical gyre.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
中国海和泰国湾海域海平面的经向涛动 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
卫星高度计遥感海面高度距平资料(1992-2012年)的分析结果证实中国海(渤、黄、东海及南海)和泰国湾作为一个半封闭的狭长水域,其海平面存在显著的南北经向涛动。涛动呈现明显的季节性,冬季南高北低,夏季北高南低,以渤海和泰国湾的海平面高差作为涛动的测度,其多年平均波动幅度达63cm,较差超过80cm。时间序列分析显示,在季节尺度上这一涛动几乎完全受东亚季风的支配,表明东亚季风的局地强迫是造成季节涛动的主要原因。进一步的分析发现,除季节波动之外研究海域海平面的经向涛动还存在明显的年际变化。不过,与季节尺度的波动有所不同,经向涛动的年际变化不仅是东亚季风区局地作用的结果,而且与太平洋海盆尺度的大气强迫有关,其作用与季风在同一数量级。涛动的年际变化大致滞后各气候因子两个月。采用多输入线性模型做偏相关分析筛选的结果显示,除东亚季风指数之外,研究海域的海平面涛动指数主要与太平洋的南方涛动指数(SOI)和西太平洋遥相关指数(WP)相关。这表明外部强迫既来自热带,也来自中纬度。南方涛动所导致的赤道海域海平面的东西向年际涛动,以及中纬度西风急流年际波动对西北太平洋海平面的作用,都有可能导致研究海域海平面经向涛动的年际变化,其机制有待进一步探讨。 相似文献
3.
Decadal variability of subsurface temperature in the North Pacific has been investigated. Two dominant regions were found;
the central subarctic region (CSa) and the north-eastern subtropical region (NESt). In CSa, cooling (warming) of wintertime
subsurface temperature corresponds to the large (small) temperature gradient and southward (northward) shift of subsurface
temperature front, associated with the increase (decrease) of positive wind stress curl and the southward (northward) shift
of curl τ zero line with 2 years delay. It is suggested that the relocation of subtropical-subarctic boundary plays an important
role. In NESt, importance of heat flux through the sea surface and heat divergence in the Ekman layer is also discussed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
南海混合层深度的季节变化及年际变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过分析新的SODA(Simple Ocean Data Assimilation)资料,得到南海混合层时空场的分布特征,剖析了南海混合层深度的季节及年际变化特征。资料分析表明:南海混合层存在着显著的季节和年际变化,且两者的均方差分布存在一定的差异。在季节变化中,冬季混合层在南海北部及西北陆架区深,在南海南部及吕宋冷涡处浅;夏季混合层在南海西北部浅,东南深。南海这种混合层深度分布特征除了与热通量的季节变化有关外,在相当大的程度上与季风引起的Ekman输送及Ekman抽吸有关。混合层深度距平场EOF(Empirical Othorgnal Function)第一模和第二模时间变化的主信号均为周期的年际变化信号,其中第一模态约为3 a,第二模态则有1.8,2.4和4.3 a的3个显著周期。EOF第一模显示混合层深度在南海东南部年际变化幅度最大,且滞后Nino3指数7个月时相关性最好(相关系数为0.422 3);EOF第二模显示在南海南部和北部混合层深度呈反位相变化。 相似文献
5.
东亚季风的时间变化及其预报探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用全球降水气候学计划(Global Precipitation Climato1ogyt rlBpercdi tion.NCEP-2).结合东和美国环境预报中心再分析资料(National Centers for Environmental PTedic1on, 水-和年后亦亚季风指数、多变量经验正交函数展开分析(MV-EOF)等方法探讨了东亚季F风的李卫父化个手你记化。结果表明:东亚季风存在明显年周期变化,夏季风盛行于5-9月,在8月达到最大值,冬季风则在1月最强;东亚夏季风指数的年际变化与东亚地区夏季降雨有着密切关系。最后运用基于MV-EOF分析方法的Markov统计预报模型预报了1998年夏季降水异常,其结果与观测值较符,说明其具有较好的实用价值。 相似文献
6.
本文基于法国空间局AVISO提供的格点化绝对动力地形(MADT:maps of absolute dynamic topography)资料,分析了1993年1月—2013年12月班达海(Banda Sea)海平面的季节和年际变化特征。班达海海面高度的季节变化主要表现为12月到翌年4月西北季风盛行时较高,7月到10月东南季风盛行时较低,全年变化幅度为16.5cm;班达海东部近阿拉弗拉海(Arafuru Sea)与西南部近弗洛勒斯海(Flores Sea)海平面随季风转换表现出"跷跷板"形态。海平面的变化受比容海平面变化和海水质量变化共同调制,其中比容海面高度季节变化振幅为14cm左右,约占海平面变化的84%,并且班达海比容海平面的季节性空间分布与总体海平面具有明显的一致性,因此比容海平面的变化是造成班达海海平面季节变化的主要原因;而风生Ekman流引起的海水堆积会影响班达海东北部的海平面高度。年际尺度上,班达海海平面与ENSO事件密切相关,月平均海面高度异常EOF分解第一模态方差贡献率高达96%,第一模态时间序列(PC1)滞后Ni?o3.4指数1个月左右时相关系数达到–0.76,远超过95%置信度水平;相比之下,IOD事件对班达海海平面的影响较小,PC1与印度洋偶极子指数(DMI)之间的最大相关系数仅为–0.3,低于95%置信度水平。并且月平均比容海平面异常和动力地形异常之间的差异在ENSO事件期间显著增大,表明ENSO事件引起的平流输送在班达海海平面高度年际变化中起到重要作用。 相似文献
7.
北黄海冷水团温度年际变化研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
本文基于1976—2006年国家标准断面(大连—成山头)调查资料,结合ECMWF气温、风速以及辐射等再分析资料,研究了北黄海冷水团的低温中心以及北部锋面的年际变化规律,并对其与气候年际变化信号的关系做了相关性分析以及EOF分析,研究了影响北黄海冷水团的诸多因素。研究结果表明,北黄海冷水团及其北部锋面强度存在明显的年际变化特征,北黄海冷水团中心最低温度具有升温趋势,北部锋面强度具有减弱趋势。分析发现,前冬海温,当地气温,经向风场以及辐射通量都对来年北黄海冷水团的强度存在影响,东亚冬季风的年际变异是影响北黄海冷水团温度年际变化的主要机制,El Nio、La Nia事件成熟期滞后于北黄海冷水团最低温度的相对低值、高值出现,ENSO通过与东亚冬季风的相互作用与北黄海冷水团相联系。 相似文献
8.
This study investigates atmospheric responses to the directions of surface wind over the Kuroshio front in the East China Sea, using wintertime satellite-derived data sets. Composite maps of sea surface temperature, wind speed, precipitation, turbulent heat flux, surface wind divergence, and the curl of wind vectors above the atmospheric boundary layer are depicted based on the classification of intense northeasterly (along the front) and northwesterly (across the front) winds over the East China Sea. When northeasterly winds prevail, considerable precipitation occurs on the offshore side of the Kuroshio front, in contrast to periods when northwesterly winds prevail. First, the northeasterly winds strengthen above the front because of the downward transfer of momentum from the fast-moving air at higher levels and/or an adjustment of sea level pressure over the oceanic front, although the process by which the influence of the Kuroshio penetrates beyond the marine atmospheric boundary layer remains unclear. Second, a cyclonic vortex forms above the marine atmospheric boundary layer (at 850-hPa height) on the offshore side of the front, and thereafter, surface wind convergence via Ekman suction (hence, enhanced precipitation) occurs over the East China Sea shelf breaks. The northeasterly winds blow over the East China Sea when the Aleutian Low retreats to the east and when high sea level pressure covers the northern Sea of Japan. 相似文献
9.
利用卫星高度计资料和再分析资料，本文分析研究了东海黑潮强度与东亚冬季风的关系，并初步探讨了二者相互作用的可能机制。结果表明，位置相近的断面，其流强变化具有相似的特征；在年际尺度上，冬季风与东海黑潮存在相互作用。当冬季风偏强，将削弱次年2-4月SC、SD断面的流强，弱冬季风年的情况相反。冬季风对流强影响的动力过程主要通过改变Ekman输送来实现；热力过程则表现为强（弱）冬季风增大（减少）了黑潮向大气释放的热通量，从而削弱（增强）流强，这一过程主要为冬季风对黑潮的影响。当冬季风偏强时，次年10-12月黑潮中下游流强偏弱，弱冬季风年的情况相反。这一过程与2-4月情况不同，其热力过程主要表现为黑潮对冬季风的影响。强冬季风通过准两年振荡对次年冬季的黑潮流强产生影响，由此构成了一个包含海洋和大气耦合过程的正反馈机制。黑潮流域的海气相互作用过程可能受冬季风和黑潮流强相对强弱的调制，海洋过程和大气过程主导一方的转换中存在一个“临界值”。 相似文献
10.
东亚冬季风异常对西北太平洋海温的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用1950—1998年的月平均海温资料和NCEP/NCAR月平均大气环流再分析资料,研究了东亚冬季风的异常对西北太平洋海温的作用过程。结果表明,南海—台湾附近海域—日本南部以南海域(简称东亚邻海)是海-气热通量异常的显著区。弱东亚冬季风在东亚邻海有偏南风距平,抑制相应海域海-气界面上由海表向大气释放的热通量,从而使得海表温度出现正距平。强冬季风则反之。这种大气-热通量-海温的异常影响过程所需的响应时间约为1个月。东亚邻海冬季发生的海温异常可持续到下一年的夏季。 相似文献
11.
In order to understand long-term changes in the temperature structure of the upper western North Pacific, we compared thermal conditions in two pentads, 1938–42 (P34) and 1978–82 (P78). The 1938–42 data were taken mostly by the Japanese Imperial Navy in a series of hydrographic surveys. The 1978–82 data were mostly XBT data taken as part of the TRANSPAC program. For each pentad, the data were interpolated to a set of standard depths, put through quality control procedures and averaged on a 1o×1o grid. A large area of the central subtropical gyre was warmer during P78, while the southern subtropical gyre, in the area of the North Equatorial Current was warmer during P34. This suggests that the transports of the Kuroshio and North Equatorial currents were larger during P78. Properties of North Pacific subtropical mode water (NPSTMW) were compared between pentads. It was found that NPSTMW was thicker, more uniform in temperature and more confined geographically during P34. A greater thickness is shown to result from stronger wintertime cooling during P34. Changes in the geographic extent of NPSTMW probably result from reduced advection by the Kuroshio current system during P34. The reason for the reduced advection maybe the Kuroshio was in a large meander state for a larger fraction of the earlier pentad, which can cut off advection west of the Izu Ridge. 相似文献
12.
Interannual variability of thermal front west of Luzon Island during the winter of 1993–2013 is examined with the method of singular value decomposition(SVD) and a suite of satellite measurements in this paper. It is found that both the area and intensity of the thermal front west of Luzon Island show apparent interannual variability.Further study based on SVD shows that the interannual variability of the thermal front is highly associated with El Ni?o and Southern Oscillation(ENSO), and the correlation coefficient between Ni?o3.4 index and the first Principal Component(PC1) of thermal front can reach –0.65. The mechanism can be described as follows. In El Ni?o(La Ni?a) years, the East Asian winter monsoon(EAWM) is weakened(enhanced), inducing weaker(stronger) local wind stress curl(WSC) west of Luzon Island, and resulting in weakened(enhanced) Luzon cold eddy, which finally leads to the weakening(enhancement) of the thermal front. 相似文献
13.
根据一套客观分析潜热通量、基于绕岛理论诊断的南海贯穿流(LST)、南海热含量等月平均资料,分析南海表层潜热通量的年际和年代际变化特征。南海地区的潜热通量冬季强,春季的潜热通量弱;在秋冬季节,南海北部的潜热通量远大于南部;夏季南海潜热通量南部高于北部;从20世纪80年代初潜热通量逐渐增加。使用EOF经验正交分解,M-K检验方法分析南海潜热通量的多时间尺度变化,前3个模态的方差贡献率分别为:53.01%(主要为长期趋势)、17.4%(年代际变化)、6.71%(年际变化)。分析表明在年际尺度上南海贯穿流(LST)减少导致南海海表温度(SST)增温幅度上升,海气温差比湿差减小,从而导致潜热释放减少,潜热通量呈负异常;反之LST进入南海增多,海气温差比湿差变大,导致南海潜热损失减少,潜热通量呈正异常。 相似文献
14.
Characteristics of Sea Surface Circulation and Eddy Field in the South China Sea Revealed by Satellite Altimetric Data 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Temporal and spatial variations of sea surface circulation in the South China Sea were revealed with use of altimetric data provided by TOPEX/POSEIDON from December 1992 to October 1997. The estimated distribution of sea surface dynamic heights from altimetric data coincide well with the results of observation by Soong et al. (1995) and Chu et al. (1998). The RMS variability of sea surface dynamic height, which is obtained after tidal correction based on Yanagi et al. (1997), is high in the central part of the South China Sea, the Gulf of Tongking, the Sunda Shelf and the Gulf of Thailand. The high RMS variability in the Gulf of Tongking, the Sunda Shelf and the Gulf of Thailand is due to set up and set down of sea water by the East Asian monsoon, which is northeasterly during winter and southwesterly during summer. Also, the high RMS variability in the central part of the South China Sea is due to the variations of basin-wide circulation. The circulations are dominant in the central part of the South China Sea during summer and winter, an anticyclonic circulation during summer and a cyclonic circulation during winter. It is suggested that these circulations are controlled by the East Asian monsoon. Hence, there is an interannual variability of the basin-wide circulation associated with the variation of the East Asian monsoon. 相似文献
15.
利用ＣＯＡＤＳ资料，首先计算了１９４９－１９７９年逐月北太平洋洋面的潜热通量与感热通量之和，并进行ＥＯＦ分解，然后分析它们的时空变化特征。结果表明：１、在北太平洋，季平均热通值的季节变化具有两种形式，而且主要决定于风速值的季节变化，尤以东亚季风的效应为最明显。２、暖池区全年平均的多年月平均热通量及其标准差都居北太平洋诸洋流区之首。３、北太平洋异常热通量场具有最重要的两种类型。１月异常热通量主要类型 相似文献
16.
孟加拉湾上层环流研究综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
综述了孟加拉湾上层环流研究的主要成果并指出,研究海区环流与季风转换不完全同步。在西南季风期间,南、北海区各有一气旋式环流;在秋季季风过渡期间,出现海湾尺度的气旋式环流;在东北季风期间,气旋式环流减弱北移,南部则为一反气旋式环流控制;春季与秋季的情形相反,整个湾出现一海湾尺度的反气旋式环流。研究海区环流的变异主要受季风、赤道远地作用和浮力通量等复杂外源作用的影响。东印度沿岸流的季节变化与季风转换也不同步,局地风、内部Ekman抽吸、远地沿岸风及赤道远地作用的影响对沿岸流周年变化有重要作用。孟加拉湾上层环流年际变化显著,此年际变化主要受赤道风场的影响。 相似文献
17.
Spatiotemporal characteristics of interannual temperature variations in the Tsushima Strait are investigated on the basis
of historical hydrographic data applying the same procedures as Senjyu et al. (2006). Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis revealed that the most energetic mode of variation (the EOF first mode),
which accounts for about 31.5% of the total variance, is the in-phase temperature change for the entire strait. The wintertime
temperature variation described by the first mode is associated with the wintertime heat flux in the northern East China Sea,
while they are poorly correlated in other seasons. The large standard deviation in the time coefficient of the first mode
in August suggests a relationship with the horizontal heat advection in summer in the northern East China Sea. On the other
hand, the EOF second mode, which explains about 12.6% of the total variance, is associated with the stratification and baroclinicity
in the strait. The time coefficient of the EOF second mode negatively correlates with the baroclinic volume transport through
the strait in summer. Comparison of temporal variations among the leading EOF modes for temperature and salinity shows no
significant correlations. This indicates that the principal modes of variation in temperature and salinity vary independently
within an interannual timescale. 相似文献
18.
东亚气候的年代际变化对中国近海生态的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
回顾了近几十年来中国近海赤潮的发生,利用长时间序列NCEP、ERA-40、HadISST和SODA等大气海洋高分辨率的再分析资料以及经验正交函数（EOF）方法,分析了近50a来东亚气候的异常变化,包括东亚夏季大气环流的年代际变化,东亚大气环流散度场、中国近海表层海温（SST）和经向海面风应力的时空特征及其与中国近海环境和生态异常的联系.结果表明,20世纪70年代末以来,中国大陆东部和东海近岸从长江口至台湾海峡附近海域上空的低层大气辐合表现为年代际增强,与该海域赤潮的发生在气候态时间尺度上有显著的对应关系,而低层大气辐合的偏强则有利于该海域上升流的形成和加强,易促使沉积于海底的营养盐和蛰伏的赤潮藻孢囊（休眠细胞）运移至海水表层;并且,近30a来中国近海出现了SST持续上升和经向海面风应力不断减弱等有利于赤潮发生以及海洋生物地理分布变化的年代际气候异常现象.这表明东亚海洋大气的年代际异常可能是该海域20世纪70年代末以来赤潮等生态灾害频发和中国近海海洋生物地理分布变化尤其是鱼类物种北移的重要原因之一. 相似文献
19.
为了揭示南极海冰年际变化的机制,利用南极海冰边缘区密集度和海面风资料,选择南极海冰边缘区海冰密集度年际变化较大的5个海区进行统计分析.研究表明：南半球冬季在这5个海区海冰密集度年际变化与南侧西风的年际变化有较密切的关系,南半球冬季南极海冰边缘区南侧西风形成向北的Ekman输运对海冰边缘区的海冰密集度有重要的影响,这种影响在南太平洋和南大西洋比在南印度洋东部更明显. 相似文献
20.
东亚冬夏季风对热带印度洋秋季海温异常的响应 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用多年的Reynolds月平均海表温度资料和NCEP/NCAR全球大气再分析资料,分析了热带印度洋秋季海表温度距平(SSTA)与后期东亚冬夏季风强度变化的关系。结果表明,热带印度洋秋季SSTA的主要模态是全区一致(USB)型和偶极子(IOD)型,USB型模态主要代表热带印度洋秋季SSTA的长期变化趋势,而IOD型模态主要反映热带印度洋秋季SSTA的年际变化。热带印度洋秋季海温气候变率中既存在着明显的ENSO信号,也有独立于ENSO的变率特征,独立于ENSO的热带印度洋秋季SSTA变化的主要模态仍是USB型和IOD型。前期秋季USB模态与东亚冬季风及东亚副热带夏季风之间为负相关关系;与前期正(负)IOD模态相对应,南海夏季风强度偏弱(强),而东亚副热带夏季风强度偏强(弱)。USB型和IOD型模态对后期东亚冬、夏季风强度变化的影响是独立于ENSO的,但ENSO起到了调节二者相关显著程度的作用。 相似文献