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1.
The mineral parageneses and succession of their formation are considered for the first time for the Zverevsky, Orekhovy, and Vodonosny ore lodes of the Lebediny gold deposit and the Radostny prospect in the Central Aldan ore district, which are genetically related to the epoch of Mesozoic tectonomagmatic reactivation. The orebodies, represented by two morphological varieties—ribbonlike lodes and steeply dipping veins—are hosted in lower part of the Vendian–Cambrian dolomitic sequence, which is cut through by Mesozoic subalkaline intrusive bodies. The chemistry of fahlore and rare minerals, including native gold and bismuth, altaite, aikinite, tetradymite, and sulfosalts of lillianite series, has been studied. Native gold is related to the late hydrothermal process and occurs in skarn and in quartz–tremolite–sulfide and quartz–carbonate–sulfide veins. The data on stable sulfur (δ34S) isotopes of sulfides, oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotopes of carbonates, as well as on fluid inclusions in various generations of tremolite and quartz, provide evidence for the heterogeneity of ore-bearing solutions, their relationships to magmatism, the depth of the source feeding each specific lode, and different sources of ore-forming hydrothermal solutions. 相似文献
2.
A. Cepedal M. Fuertes-Fuente A. Martín-Izard S. González-Nistal L. Rodríguez-Pevida 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2006,87(3-4):277-304
Summary Gold ores in skarns from the Río Narcea Gold Belt are associated with Bi–Te(–Se)-bearing minerals. These mineral assemblages
have been used to compare two different skarns from this belt, a Cu–Au skarn (calcic and magnesian) from the El Valle deposit,
and a Au-reduced calcic skarn from the Ortosa deposit. In the former, gold mineralization occurs associated with Cu–(Fe)-sulfides
(chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite-digenite), commonly in the presence of magnetite. Gold occurs mainly as native gold and
electrum. Au-tellurides (petzite, sylvanite, calaverite) are locally present; other tellurides are hessite, clausthalite and
coloradoite. The Bi-bearing minerals related to gold are Bi-sulfosalts (wittichenite, emplectite, aikinite, bismuthinite),
native bismuth, and Bi-tellurides and selenides (tetradymite, kawazulite, tsumoite). The speciation of Bi-tellurides with
Bi/Te(Se + S) ≤ 1, the presence of magnetite and the abundance of precious metal tellurides and clausthalite indicate fO2 conditions within the magnetite stability field that locally overlap the magnetite-hematite buffer. In Ortosa deposit, gold
essentially occurs as native gold and maldonite and is commonly related to pyrrhotite and to the replacement of l?llingite
by arsenopyrite, indicating lower fO2 conditions for gold mineralization than those for El Valle deposit. This fact is confirmed by the speciation of Bi-tellurides
and selenides (hedleyite, joséite-B, joséite-A, ikunolite-laitakarite) with Bi/Te(+ Se + S) ≥ 1. 相似文献
3.
The Beiya deposit, located in the Sanjiang Tethyan tectonic domain (SW China), is the third largest Au deposit in China (323 t Au @ 2.47 g/t). As a porphyry-skarn deposit, Beiya is related to Cenozoic (Himalayan) alkaline porphyries. Abundant Bi-minerals have been recognized from both the porphyry- and skarn- ores, comprising bismuthinite, Bi–Cu sulfosalts (emplectite, wittichenite), Bi–Pb sulfosalts (galenobismutite, cosalite), Bi–Ag sulfosalt (matildite), Bi–Cu–Pb sulfosalts (bismuthinite derivatives), Bi–Pb–Ag sulfosalts (lillianite homologs, galena-matildite series), and Bi chalcogenides (tsumoite, the unnamed Bi2Te, the unnamed Ag4Bi3Te3, tetradymite, and the unnamed (Bi, Pb)3(Te, S)4). Native bismuth and maldonite are also found in the skarn ores. The arsenopyrite geothermometer reveals that the porphyry Au mineralization took place at temperatures in the range of 350–450 °C and at log fS2 in the range of − 8.0 to − 5.5, respectively. In contrast, the Beiya Bi-mineral assemblages indicate that the skarn ore-forming fluids had minimum temperatures of 230–175 °C (prevailing temperatures exceeding 271 °C) and fluctuating fS2–fTe2 conditions. We also model a prolonged skarn Au mineralization history at Beiya, including at least two episodes of Bi melts scavenging Au. We thus suggest that this process was among the most effective Au-enrichment mechanisms at Beiya. 相似文献
4.
I. V. Vikentyev 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2006,87(3-4):305-326
Summary The study focuses on the mode of occurrence of Au, Ag and Te in ores of the Gaisk, Safyanovsk, Uzelginsk and other volcanic-hosted
massive sulfide (VHMS) deposits in the Russian Urals. Minerals containing these elements routinely form fine inclusions within
common sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite). Gold is mostly concentrated as ‘invisible’ gold within pyrite and chalcopyrite
at concentrations of 1–20 ppm. Silver mainly occurs substituted in tennantite (0.1–6 wt.% Ag). In the early stages of mineralization,
gold is concentrated into solid solution within the sulfides and does not form discrete minerals. Mineral parageneses identified
in the VHMS deposits that contain discrete gold- and gold-bearing minerals, including native gold, other native elements,
various tellurides and tennantite, were formed only in the latest stages of mineralization. Secondary hydrothermal stages
and local metamorphism of sulfide ores resulted in redistribution of base and precious metals, refining of the common sulfides,
the appearance of submicroscopic and microscopic inclusions of Au–Ag alloys (fineness 0.440–0.975) and segregation of trace
elements into new, discrete minerals. The latter include Au and Ag compounds combined with Te, Se, Bi and S. Numerous tellurides
(altaite, hessite, stützite, petzite, krennerite etc.) are found in the massive sulfide ores of the Urals and appear to be
major carriers of gold and PGE in VHMS ores. 相似文献
5.
O. Yu. Plotinskaya V. A. Kovalenker R. Seltmann C. J. Stanley 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2006,87(3-4):187-207
Summary The Late Paleozoic Kochbulak and Kairagach deposits are located on the northern slope of the Kurama Ridge, Middle Tien Shan,
in the same volcanic structure and the same ore-forming system. Au–Ag–Cu–Bi–Te–Se mineralization is confined to veins and
dissemination zones accompanied by quartz-sericite wall-rock alteration. The tellurides, calaverite, altaite, hessite, and
tetradymite are widespread at both deposits; at Kairagach selenides and sulfoselenides of Bi and Pb are common, while at Kochbulak
Bi and Pb telluroselenides and sulfotelluroselenides are typical. The paragenetic sequence of telluride assemblages are similar
for both deposits and change from calaverite + altaite + native Au to sylvanite + Bi tellurides + native Te, Bi tellurides
+ native Au, and, finally, to Au + Ag tellurides with time. These mineralogical changes are accompanied by an increase in
the Ag content of native gold that correlates with a decrease in temperature, fTe2 and fO2 and an increase in pH. 相似文献
6.
The Dongping gold deposit is a mesothermal lode gold deposit hosted in syenite. The ore petrography and chemistry of the tellurides from the alteration zone of the deposit have been studied in detail using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe micro-beam and X-ray diffraction facilities. The tellurides, consisting mostly of calaverite, altaite, petzite tellurobismuthite and tetradymite, are hosted irregularly in pyrite fractures and voids. In the ore bodies, the species and quantity of tellurides decrease from the top downwards, accompanied with lowering of gold fineness, and the existence of tellurides exhibits a positive correlation with gold enrichment. Mineral paragenesis and chemical variations suggest that during evolution of the ore-forming fluids Te preferably incorporated with Pb to form altaite, followed in sequence by precipitation of petzite, and calaverite when Ag has been exhausted, and the residue fluids were enriched in Au, giving rise to formation of native gold. Calculation with reference of the fineness of native gold coexisting with the tellurides indicates that at 300 °C, log f (Te2) varied between − 8.650 and − 7.625. Taking account of the Au–Ag–Te mineral paragenesis, it is inferred that log ƒ (Te2) varies from − 9.12 to − 6.43, log ƒ (S2) − 11.47 to − 8.86. In consideration of the physicochemical conditions for formation of tellurides, with comparison to some known telluride deposits, it is suggested that high log ƒ (Te2) is a key factor for high fineness of native gold as well as precipitation of abundant tellurides. 相似文献
7.
8.
《Resource Geology》2018,68(3):209-226
Shin‐Otoyo, Suttsu, Teine, Date, Chitose, and Koryu are sites rich in precious and base metal Miocene–Pleistocene epithermal deposits, and located in southwestern Hokkaido, Japan. The deposits are predominantly hosted by the Green Tuff Formation of Middle Miocene age. Ore petrographic study of these deposits shows the occurrence of variable quantities of Cu–As–Sb–Ag–Bi–Pb–Te sulfosalt minerals. Determination of mineralogical and chemical compositions of the sulfosalt minerals was undertaken to elucidate the time and spatial changes of the sulfide‐sulfosalt minerals. Various types of sulfosalt minerals identified from gold–silver and base metal quartz–sulfide veins represented some sulfosalt mineralization phases, such as the Cu–Fe–Sn–S phase of mawsonite and stannite; Cu–(As,Sb)–S phase of tetrahedrite–tennantite and luzonite–famatinite series minerals; (Cu,Ag)–Bi–Pb–S phase of emplectite, pavonite, friedrichite, aikinite, and lillianite–gustavite series minerals; (Ag,Cu)–(As,Sb)–S phase of proustite–pyrargyrite and pearceite–polybasite series minerals; and Bi–Te–S phase of tetradymite and kawazulite minerals. There are some trends in the paragenetic sequence of sulfosalt mineralization in southwestern Hokkaido (in complete or partial) as follows: sulfide → Cu–Fe–Sn–S → (Cu,Ag)–Bi–Pb–S → (Bi–Te–S) → Cu–(As,Sb)–S → ([Ag,Cu]–[As,Sb]–S). The formation of sulfosalt minerals is characterized by the introduction of some elements such as Sn, Bi, and Te at an earlier stage and an increase or decrease of some elements such as As and Sb, followed by the introduction of Ag at the later stage of ore mineral paragenesis sequence. Mineral composition of the Chitose and Koryu deposits are slightly different from those of Shin‐Otoyo, Suttsu, Teine, and Date due to their lack of Sn (tin) and Bi (bismuth) mineralization. The variable concentrations and relationships are not simply with redistributed trace elements from the original sulfide minerals of chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, and sphalerite. Some heavier elements were also introduced during the replacement reaction, which is consistent with the occurrence of their associated minerals. 相似文献
9.
Elena D. Andreeva Hiroharu Matsueda Victor M. Okrugin Ryohei Takahashi Shuji Ono 《Resource Geology》2013,63(4):337-349
Mineralogic studies of major ore minerals and fluid inclusion analysis in gangue quartz were carried out for the for the two largest veins, the Aginskoe and Surprise, in the Late Miocene Aginskoe Au–Ag–Te deposit in central Kamchatka, Russia. The veins consist of quartz–adularia–calcite gangue, which are hosted by Late Miocene andesitic and basaltic rocks of the Alnei Formation. The major ore minerals in these veins are native gold, altaite, petzite, hessite, calaverite, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite. Minor and trace minerals are pyrite, galena, and acanthine. Primary gold occurs as free grains, inclusions in sulfides, and constituent in tellurides. Secondary gold is present in form of native mustard gold that usually occur in Fe‐hydroxides and accumulates on the decomposed primary Au‐bearing tellurides such as calaverite, krennerite, and sylvanite. K–Ar dating on vein adularia yielded age of mineralization 7.1–6.9 Ma. Mineralization of the deposit is divided into barren massive quartz (stage I), Au–Ag–Te mineralization occurring in quartz‐adularia‐clays banded ore (Stage II), intensive brecciation (Stage III), post‐ore coarse amethyst (Stage IV), carbonate (Stage V), and supergene stages (Stage VI). In the supergene stage various secondary minerals, including rare bilibinskite, bogdanovite, bessmertnovite metallic alloys, secondary gold, and various oxides, formed under intensely oxidized conditions. Despite heavy oxidation of the ores in the deposit, Te and S fugacities are estimated as Stage II tellurides precipitated at the log f Te2 values ?9 and at log fS2 ?13 based on the chemical compositions of hypogene tellurides and sphalerite. Homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in quartz broadly ranges from 200 to 300°C. Ore texture, fluid inclusions, gangue, and vein mineral assemblages indicate that the Aginskoe deposit is a low‐sulfidation (quartz–adularia–sericite) vein system. 相似文献
10.
11.
Dazhao Wang Jiajun Liu Degao Zhai Emmanuel J. M. Carranza Yinhong Wang Shimin Zhen Jiang Wang Jianping Wang Zhenjiang Liu Fangfang Zhang 《Resource Geology》2019,69(3):287-313
The Dongping gold deposit is located near the center of the northern margin of the North China Craton. It is hosted in the Shuiquangou syenite and characterized by large amounts of tellurides. Numerous studies have addressed this deposit; the mineral paragenesis and ore‐forming processes, however, are still poorly studied. In this contribution, a new mineral paragenesis has been evaluated to further understand ore formation, including sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, molybdenite, and bornite), tellurides (altaite, calaverite, hessite, muthmannite, petzite, rucklidgeite, sylvanite, tellurobismuthite, tetradymite, and volynskite), and native elements (tellurium and gold). Molybdenite, muthmannite, rucklidgeite, and volynskite are reported for the first time in this deposit. We consider the Dongping gold deposit mainly formed in the Devonian, and the ore‐forming processes and the physicochemical conditions for ore formation can be reconstructed based on our newly identified ore paragenesis, that is, iron oxides → (CO2 effervescence) → sulfides → (fTe2/fS2 ratio increase) → Pb‐Bi‐tellurides → (condensation of H2Te vapor) → Au‐Ag‐tellurides → (mixing with oxidizing water) → carbonate and microporous gold → secondary minerals → secondary minerals. The logfO2 values increase from the early to late stages, while the fH2S and logfS2 values increase initially and then decrease. CO2 effervescence is the main mechanism of sulfides precipitation; this sulfidation and condensation of H2Te vapor lead to deposition of tellurides. The development of microporous gold indicates that the deposit might experience overprint after mineralization. The Dongping gold deposit has a close genetic relationship with the Shuiquangou syenite, and tellurium likely originated from Shuiquangou alkaline magmatic degassing. 相似文献
12.
13.
N. M. Chernyshov 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2009,51(8):684-697
High-carbonaceous stratified formations and related metasomatic rocks of global abundance are among highly promising sources of gold and platinum-group metals (PGMs) in the 21st century. The Au-PGM mineralization of the black-shale type hosted in the Early Karelian Kursk and Oskol groups in central Russia is characterized by complex multicomponent and polymineralic composition (more than 60 ore minerals, including more than 20 Au and PGM phases) and diverse speciation of noble metals in form of (1) native elements (gold, palladium, platinum, osmium, silver); (2) metallic solid solutions and intermetallic compounds (Pt-bearing palladium, Fe-bearing platinum, gold-platinum-palladium, osmiridium, rutheniridosmin, platiridosmin, platosmiridium, Hg-Te-Ag-bearing gold, gold-silver amalgam, arquerite, palladium stannide (unnamed mineral), platinum-palladium-gold-silver-tin); (3) PGM, Au, and Ag sulfoarsenides, tellurides, antimonides, selenides, and sulfosalts (sperrylite, irarsite, hessite, Pd and Pt selenide (unnamed mineral)), testibiopalladinite, Pd antimonide (unnamed mineral), etc.; and (4) impurities in ore-forming sulfides, sulfoarsenides, tellurides, antimonides, and selenides. The chemical analyses of PGM and Au minerals are presented, and their morphology and microstructure are considered. 相似文献
14.
辽宁五龙金矿铋矿物与金矿化关系研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
辽宁五龙金矿的铋矿物为辉铋矿,自然铋和辉铅铋矿,它们与金矿化关系非常密切,在高温条件下,Bi与Au呈固溶体形式或某种化合物形式存在,随着温度的下降,Bi与Au分离构成两种独立矿物,二者紧密共生,在含金石英矿体中,铋矿物的多少直接影响矿石品位,铋矿物是重要的金矿化指示矿物。 相似文献
15.
Summary The Kassiteres-Sappes district represents a multi-centered, porphyry-epithermal system developed during the Oligocene to Miocene
at a composite calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline volcanic edifice. Precious and base metal mineralization postdates the
emplacement of dacite and rhyolite porphyries and is partly superimposed on earlier microdiorite-related porphyry-style mineralization
exposed at the Koryfes Hill prospect. A second mineralized porphyry-type system genetically related to a dacite porphyry body
developed near the St Demetrios deposit. Tellurides occur mainly at the St Barbara prospect and the St Demetrios deposit.
Based on petrographic, electron microprobe, and scanning electron microscope analyses, hessite, petzite, sylvanite, altaite,
stützite and native tellurium occur in the St Barbara prospect. These tellurium-bearing minerals are hosted in intermediate-sulfidation
type veins and accompanied by pyrite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite-group minerals, galena and native gold/electrum. The St Demetrios
mineralization includes hessite, altaite, stützite, and tetradymite in close spatial relation to a high-sulfidation assemblage
composed of enargite, chalcopyrite, goldfieldite, and native gold. Tellurides were deposited at logfTe2 values of −8.5 to −7.1 and logfS2 values of −10.7 to −7.9 (275 °C). The ore systems are characterized by Au, Ag, Te, Bi, and Mo, which suggests a magmatic
contribution to the mineralizing fluids. Ore-forming components were likely derived from both the dacite and rhyolite porphyries. 相似文献
16.
V. I. Ivashchenko K. Sundblad A. N. Toritsin A. I. Golubev O. B. Lavrov 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2008,423(1):1187-1193
The Rajkonkoski ore occurrence is located within the region of the Karelian craton (AR2) and the Svecofennian folded belt (PR1) conjugation. It is presented by quartz-carbonate veins in metadoleriles and a zone of brecciation, crumple, and silification of carbonaceous shales within the volcanites of the Soanlakhtinsky suite (PR1). Ore mineralization in black shales and quartz veins has features of genetic similarity presenting different levels of the ore system controlled by different range strike-slip fault dislocations. At the Rajkonkoski ore occurrence, 41 ore minerals have been identified: 12 tellurides (native tellurium, hedleyite, pilsenite, tsumoite, tellurobismuthite, hessite, stuetzite, radclidzhite, joseite-B, altaite, volynskite, petzite); 4 bismuth-tellurides of the following compositions Bi3Te, Bi3Te2, BiTe4, PbBiTe; 3 selenides (clausthalite, tellurolaitakarite, native selenium); and 12 native metals (gold, silver, electrum, copper, iron, lead, tin, bismuth, osmiridium). The contents of the main ore minerals in places exceed 10%, and the concentrations of elements reach as follows: Cu and Pb, 5%; Zn, Bi, 1%; Se, 219 ppm; Te, 171 ppm; Sb, 3 ppm; As, 5 ppm; Ag, >0.1%; Au, 35.28 ppm. Ore mineralization is formed during the temperature interval from 550°C up to <170oC in the conditions of high activity of Se and Te, and beginning from medium temperatures (>300°C) complete miscibilities galenite-clausthalite and galenite-altaite are observed. In aggregate with a wide temperature interval (>400°C) of ore process evolution and mineral specia variety of telluride and native metal mineralizations, the original “torsion” of different temperature mineralizations makes it possible to determine the affiliation of the Rajkonkoski ore occurrence to the xenothermal type deposits or epithermal “alkaline,” gold-telluride A-type characterized by a close connection with magmatism of increased alkalinity and the original geochemical (Te-V-F) and mineral (tellurides of gold, silver and other metals, fluorite, roscoelite, vanadium-containing sulfides) associations. Taking into consideration that many of the xenothermal and epithermal A-type gold and silver deposits are large commercial objects, the prospects of the Rajkonkoski ore occurrence and the region of the Karelian craton and Svecofennian folded belt conjugation seem to be significant for noble metal mineralization. 相似文献
17.
The first findings of Au and Ag tellurides (sylvanite and petzite) in sulfide-quartz ore of the Shirokinsky ore and placer
cluster located in the Sette-Daban Horst-Anticlinorium are described. These minerals were found for the first time at the
gold deposits of East Yakutia. The chemical compositions (wt %) of sylvanite (23.65–24.61 Au, 12.7–13.13 Ag, 59.3–59.97 Te,
96.26–97.97 in total) and petzite (23.17–25.24 Au, 42.27–44.40 Ag, 31.26–33.37 Te, 98.19–102.55 in total) are reported. Galena
as a host mineral is associated with native gold, electrum, hessite, and stützite. The finding of Au-Ag and Ag tellurides
provides evidence for the development of Au-telluride mineralization in the Sette-Daban Horst-Anticlinorium. 相似文献
18.
I. V. Vikentiev V. D. Abramova Yu. N. Ivanova E. E. Tyukova E. V. Kovalchuk N. S. Bortnikov 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2016,470(1):976-980
The first study of the pyrite composition from gold deposit in the Urals by the LA-ICP-MS method has been carried out. In the pyrite high contents of Au (up to 49 ppm), Ag (105 ppm), and other micronutrients (As (417 ppm), Ag (105 ppm), Co (2825 ppm), Ni (75 ppm), Cu (1442 ppm), and Zn (19 ppm)) were detected. Furthermore, an increase in the concentrations of trace elements from early to later generations of pyrite (from Py-1 to Py-3) Au, Ag, Te, Sn, Te, and Bi and depletion of Co, As, and Ni have been revealed. Gold is mainly concentrated in the pyrite of the second generation (Py-2) and occurs mostly as an “invisible” form with prevalence of nano-sized particles of native Au, similar in composition to electrum AuAg, as well as Au- and Au–Ag tellurides. The presence in the pyrite of admixtures of Cu, Co, Ni, Pb, As, and Te, possibly favors the entrance of Au into it (up to 5–50 ppm), while in common pyrite, poor in the mentioned impurities, the gold content is <1 ppm. 相似文献
19.
Martin Reich Stephen L. Chryssoulis Carlos Palacios Magdalena Weldt 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(21):6157-6173
Despite its potential economic and environmental importance, the study of trace metals in supergene (secondary) Cu-sulfides has been seriously overlooked in the past decades. In this study, the concentration and mineralogical form of “invisible” precious metals (Ag, Au) and metalloids (As, Sb, Se, Te) in supergene digenite (Cu1.8S) from various Cu deposits in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile, the world’s premier Cu province, were determined in detail using a combination of microanalytical techniques. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and electron microprobe analyzer (EMPA) measurements reveal that, apart from hosting up to ∼11,000 ppm Ag, supergene digenite can incorporate up to part-per-million contents of Au (∼6 ppm) and associated metalloids such as As (∼300 ppm), Sb (∼60 ppm), Se (∼96 ppm) and Te (∼18 ppm). SIMS analyses of trace metals show that Ag and Au concentrations strongly correlate with As in supergene digenite, defining wedge-shaped zones in Ag-As and Au-As log-log spaces. SIMS depth profiling and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observations reveal that samples with anomalously high Ag/As (>∼30) and Au/As (>∼0.03) ratios plot above the wedge zones and contain nanoparticles of metallic Ag and Au, while samples with lower ratios contain Ag and Au that is structurally bound to the Cu-sulfide matrix. The Ag-Au-As relations reported in this study strongly suggest that the incorporation of precious metals in Cu-sulfides formed under supergene, low-temperature conditions respond to the incorporation of a minor component, in this case As. Therefore, As might play a significant role by increasing the solubility of Ag and Au in supergene digenite and controlling the formation and occurrence of Ag and Au nanoparticles. Considering the fact that processes of supergene enrichment in Cu deposits can be active from tens of millions of years (e.g. Atacama Desert), we conclude that supergene digenite may play a previously unforeseen role in scavenging precious metals from undersaturated (or locally slightly supersaturated) solutions in near-surface environments. 相似文献
20.
P. Voudouris 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2006,87(3-4):241-275
Summary Several magmatic-hydrothermal systems in northeastern Greece (western Thrace and Limnos Island) are highly enriched in tellurides
which, in addition to native gold and electrum, represent major carriers of precious metals in the ore. Deposition near the
porphyry-epithermal transition for several systems is indicated by field relations and by the presence of key minerals (Pb-
and Ag-rich tellurides, Bi-sulfosalts and Bi-tellurides/tellurosulfides). Hessite, stützite, sylvanite, petzite, coloradoite,
altaite, unnamed Ag-sulfotelluride, native tellurium and electrum are abundant in intermediate sulfidation quartz-carbonate
veins together with zincian tetrahedrite-group minerals, chalcopyrite and galena. The presence of hessite, goldfieldite, native
gold and enargite or famatinite suggests deposition at a high sulfidation state. The main stage of telluride deposition took
place at ∼275 °C at log fTe2 values of −8.5 to −7.1 and log fS2 values of −10.8 to −9.0, based on the Fe-content in sphalerite and the sulfide-telluride mineralogy. The close spatial association
of telluride mineralization with intrusive centers of intermediate composition, the base metal enrichment and the trace element
signature involving Au, Ag, Te, Bi, Sn and Mo suggest that ore-forming components were introduced at the porphyry-epithermal
transition. Potential sources of tellurium are the high-K calc-alkaline (western Thrace) to shoshonitic (Limnos) intrusive
rocks. 相似文献