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1.
The devolution and regionalisation of political and administrative structures following the election of New Labour in 1997 have changed the nature of the state and territorial development and governance in the UK. A regional and sub-national tier has opened up within the existing multi-layered governance system operating at the supra-national, national and local scales. This ‘new institutional space’ is increasingly open to the participation of social institutions--including trade unions--in economic and social governance. Drawing upon empirical analysis of the experience of the Northern Trade Union Congress (NTUC) in the North East region of England, the paper argues that the NTUC--in contrast to its national organisation--is beginning to engage with the emergent institutional structures but its role is inhibited by the centralised strategy and structure of the TUC nationally, its own need for upgrading, capacity building and greater financial resources and the interaction between the North East’s particular legacy of tripartite corporatism and the more pluralist modes of regional development governance emerging in the English regions. Unless such issues are addressed regional trade union centres--such as the NTUC--risk remaining relatively junior partners in the emergent regional governance structures. 相似文献
2.
Tomasz Zarycki 《Geoforum》2007,38(3):485-493
There is currently a lively discussion on the role of historic memories and the re-visiting of historic legacies in post-communist countries. Using the example of Poland and its legacy of the tripartite division of the 19th century, this paper aims to illustrate how symbolic conflicts over identity politics and the interpretation of history may critically influence discourses on the debates on, and portrayals of, variations in regional development. The paper thus discusses the post-war history of Poland in the context of the so-called left-right political cleavage, and the varying related debates on the ‘quality’ of regional development as part of Poland’s post-communist restructuring. These discussions include varying projections of the nature and role of social capital and its relative ‘usefulness’ for a successful development Poland’s after communism. And there are clear political overtones to these contrasting portrayals of Poland’s history and its regionally varying legacy. Drawing on different definitions of the notion of social capital, the paper then discusses how different legacies, such as an introspective and extrovert outlook of population and institutions, and the degree of cohesion among them, circumscribes a region’s economic development prospects. 相似文献
3.
Regional administrations present themselves in many different ways on the internet. A content analysis of regional websites in the Netherlands and Northwest Germany revealed this diversity. Geographical factors can partly explain these differences. Mapping the five principal aspects of the geographical representations of regional administrations revealed some spatial clusters. These regional representations are also linked to the geographical characteristics of regions. Competitive mid-sized regions focus more on economic items. Different types of peripheries vary much more in how they present themselves on the internet. The way regions present themselves is linked to the polarising influence of regional competition, but there is still considerable freedom for regions to present a distinct region image. 相似文献
4.
The aquifer system of the Basin of Mexico is the main source of water supply to the Mexico City Metropolitan Zone. Management of the Basin’s water resources requires improved understanding of regional groundwater flow patterns, for which large amounts of data are required. The current study analyses the regional dynamics of the potentiometric groundwater level using a new database called the Basin of Mexico Hydrogeological Database (BMHDB). To foster the development of a regional view of the aquifer system, data on climatological, borehole and runoff variables are part of the BMHDB. The structure and development of the BMHDB are briefly explained and then the database is used to analyze the consequences of groundwater extraction on the aquifer’s confinement conditions using lithology data. The regional analysis shows that the largest drawdown rates are located north of Mexico City, in Ecatepec (a region that has not yet received attention in hydrogeological studies), due to wells that were drilled as a temporary solution to Mexico City’s water-supply problem. It is evident that the aquifer has changed from a confined to an unconfined condition in some areas, a factor that is responsible for the large subsidence rates (40 cm/year) in some regions. 相似文献
5.
Local economic development policies have surged in Brazil over the past decade—a major shift in this regionally diverse country of 27 states, over 5000 municipalities, and the largest economy in Latin America. We review the stylized facts, expected patterns and policy recommendations from the foundational studies in regional and urban economics. We then provide a summary of a more recent stream of scholarship focused on local economic development (LED) studies in developed and developing countries that have surged in the last 20 years. Based on this review, we then systemize the findings emerging from studies focused on analyzing local economic development policies in Brazil recognizing the distinctive contributions emerging from both the empirical and the case studies literatures. We identify key lessons for (and from) the Brazilian experience and conclude that Brazil and Latin American countries need a new generation of studies that undertake more rigorous evaluations of these policy experiments. Finally, we recommend steps to advance such research. 相似文献
6.
Günter Krebs 《Geoforum》1982,13(2):71-81
During the process of national economic development, regional disparities in the form of growing differences in the regional income level and spatial polarization of economic activities diverge in the early phase and converge at a more advanced stage. This is the basic paradigm of Williamson and Friedmann, which is refuted in this article both on the empirical and the theoretical level. Apart from serious objections to the methodological approach (coefficients, income aggregates and regionalization), the analysis of recent data provides no empirical support. As the discussion of the theoretical assumptions reveals, the capital accumulation processes in industrialized and less-developed countries differ completely; therefore, regional disparities in the latter cannot be regarded as latecomers within the same historical growth process. 相似文献
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8.
随着经济社会的发展和科学技术的进步,以及地质工作服务领域的空前扩展,地质图件作为地质工作成果的集中体现和地质工作服务于经济社会发展的主要工具,受到各国政府及国际地质组织的高度重视,并出现一些明显的特点和发展趋势,主要表现为:由专业性地质图件向更多实用性图件发展;由单一地质类图件向多学科系列图件发展;由地区性、国家级图件向洲际性及全球性图件扩展;由地表地质图件向反映深部地壳结构构造图件发展;并在图面结构、表现形式上进行了诸多改革,提供了更多地质信息。 相似文献
9.
The role of power in economic activity has been researched across the social sciences but there has been little engagement with the spatialities of power relations. This paper thus draws on a recent reinvigorated interest in power within economic geography to develop an approach for understanding how the spatiality of power relations in economic practices are constituted through different forms of proximity. It argues that proximity needs to be conceptualised as multi-dimensional including physical, cultural, virtual and organizational proximity between firms and actors. It further contends that the development of different forms of proximity shape the agency of empowered actors in industry clusters and regional economies. This general proposition is explored by presenting research into a case study: the UK-based private equity industry. The research focuses on the nature, role and development of different forms of proximity between private equity firms and the investee firms that are the subject of investments. 相似文献
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11.
Wilfried Heller 《GeoJournal》2000,50(2-3):151-155
There is no standard model of transformation for post- socialist countries and each country encounters specific problems rooted
in the geographical characteristics of the areas concerned. The human resources are of the greatest importance because it
really matters how people (especially the decision-makers) perceive system change and continually reformulate their expectations
and strategies; so investigations into the views of people caught up in the transformation can provide a deeper understanding
of the background to structural change. Working the national, regional level and local levels in Romania, experts were asked
to consider the advantages and disadvantages arising out of the transformation, the most important problems and constraints
for future rural development and the policies needed. The paper examines the responses on demographic and social issues. It
emerges the most detailed responses were supplied by local-level representatives while respondents at the regional level steered
a middle course between the need to address local problems and the prime importance of stimulating the Romanian economy so
as to generate resources for welfare programmes (with the latter issue the overriding concern of interviewees at national
level). There was general agreement on the importance of foreign investment and European integration for economic development,
with local actors taking only small steps in line with the existing opportunities.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
Hein de Haas 《Geoforum》2006,37(4):565-580
Although Morocco has evolved into one of the world’s leading emigration countries, the systematic study of the developmental impact of migration in migrant-sending regions in Morocco and the Maghreb has been relatively neglected after a temporary surge of pessimistic studies in the 1970s. Empirical work from this region has therefore been largely absent from the lively theoretical debate on migration and development. This study attempts to re-establish this link through qualitative research and a survey among 507 non-migrant, internal and international migrant households in the Moroccan Todgha oasis. The study shows that international migration and remittances have significantly contributed to economic development, improved standards of living and enabled the partial emancipation of subaltern ethnic groups. International migrant households invest more than others in housing, agriculture and other enterprises. Risk spreading and income stabilisation rather than increasing incomes seem to be the prime rationale behind internal migration, although internal migration tends to facilitate the education and international migration of younger household members. Remittance expenditure and investments have stimulated the diversifying and urbanising regional economy and have triggered a counter-flow of “reverse” internal migration. However, several structural constraints prevent the high development potential of migration from being fully realised. 相似文献
13.
区域发展地学基础综合研究的意义、进展与任务 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
区域发展问题是一个重大的地学问题。由于背景和驱动力的变化,我国的区域发展正面临着一系列复杂问题;解决这些问题很大程度上依赖于对我国区域发展"地学基础"的深刻认识和研究。这种研究不但具有重大实际意义,也是发展地理科学和深化地球表层系统研究的重要途径。论述了区域发展地学基础综合研究的意义,回顾和评价了国内外在此领域内的研究进展,提出研究的目标和任务。国内外近年来的研究表明,人文与自然要素的交叉和综合研究正在成为区域发展研究的前沿领域。我国在影响区域发展的单要素和多要素研究上取得了丰富的积累,而且地球表层系统中"人地关系"综合研究思想也已经兴起了10多年,但真正的交叉和综合研究还很少。进行我国区域发展地学基础综合研究的目标是阐明我国自然和人文要素的区域分异特征及其与区域发展分异之间的耦合关系,揭示地学因素在各时期影响我国区域发展的综合作用机制。 相似文献
14.
Mark Bonta 《GeoJournal》2004,60(1):19-30
How does the resistance of local people to hydroelectric projects take shape in a country where globalization (in the guise of ‘regional integration’) seeks the rapid transformation of rural landscapes into industrial zones? Why do local people resist energy- and income-generating `modernization' projects that promise to help end poverty and save the rain forest, among other goals? During the course of their resistance, why are human violations committed by forces of globalization — and who or what is responsible for the beatings, threats, and murders that accompany Honduran hydro projects such as the one described below? The ethnographic details below suggest that the onus of guilt rests on local investment-hungry power elites whose repressive tactics are tolerated by development entities such as the Central American Bank for Economic Integration (CABEI). My case in point is the CABEI-funded Babilonia Hydroelectric Project (Proyecto Hidroeléctrico Babilonia, PHB), a 4-megawatt initiative of the private company Energisa in the Department of Olancho. I first describe the essence of the issue as a conflict between local land rights and globalization that gained national notoriety after the murder of an anti-project activist, at which point actors at the national and international scales became involved in mediation efforts. I then backtrack to an earlier local meeting in which are evident the tensions and delineations that point to the primary culpability of the provincial power elite in systematic human rights violations. I continue with an analysis of land rights groups on both sides (pro- and anti-project) and conclude by discussing the power and scope of heterogeneous coalitions in confronting the fast-moving advances and abuses of globalization. 相似文献
15.
George W. Hoffman 《Geoforum》1977,8(3):121-129
This paper is concerned with the political significance of the spatial economic activities of states. Regional problems are often the result of social differences which frequently are expressed in regional consciousness and loyalties and in turn they often create potential political and social cleavages and thus affect the cohesion and viability of the state. Various aspects of regional development policies in both western and eastern European multinational states which involve the spatial distribution of economic activities are examined. Planning the economic and social life emphasizes the regional allocation of resources, the coordination of national plans with regional objectives and increased consideration of the problem of lagging regions. Most regional movements are a protest against neglect and demand more local control and autonomy, therefore regional policies must be geared to the modification of long standing grievances resulting from past policies. In countries where increased participation by its inhabitants in the economic and social policies of their respective countries has been a matter of national policy, regional grievances generally have been kept under control. 相似文献
16.
系统梳理了成渝城市群以往地质调查成果,分析了区内地质资源对绿色发展的支撑点。结果表明: 成渝城市群天然气探明地质储量占全国的60%,页岩气累计探明储量近万亿立方米,涪陵焦石坝等已规模化开发气田; 地热资源较丰富,地埋管热源开发潜力较大; 芒硝等优势非金属矿产资源储量、开发基础较好,具有进一步产业化发展的基础; 现有中型以上岩盐矿产39处,地下空间尚未开发利用,盐穴资源开发潜力较大; 现有153处饮用天然矿泉水水源地,多含锶等有益元素,建议开展优质矿泉水品牌建设; 地质遗迹特色鲜明,现有164处重要地质遗迹,建议打造恐龙化石群等具有区域特色的品牌; 耕地资源较丰富,覆盖50%以上的土地面积,总体养分丰富,局部富硒,已形成一定数量的农产品品牌,建议开展都江堰—绵阳等地标准化农田建设,培育富硒农产品。建议进一步开展成渝城市群空白区土地质量调查、区域与重点产业地质调查等工作,以期持续提高地质资源对成渝城市群绿色发展的支撑作用。 相似文献
17.
系统梳理了成渝城市群以往地质调查成果,分析了区内地质资源对绿色发展的支撑点。结果表明: 成渝城市群天然气探明地质储量占全国的60%,页岩气累计探明储量近万亿立方米,涪陵焦石坝等已规模化开发气田; 地热资源较丰富,地埋管热源开发潜力较大; 芒硝等优势非金属矿产资源储量、开发基础较好,具有进一步产业化发展的基础; 现有中型以上岩盐矿产39处,地下空间尚未开发利用,盐穴资源开发潜力较大; 现有153处饮用天然矿泉水水源地,多含锶等有益元素,建议开展优质矿泉水品牌建设; 地质遗迹特色鲜明,现有164处重要地质遗迹,建议打造恐龙化石群等具有区域特色的品牌; 耕地资源较丰富,覆盖50%以上的土地面积,总体养分丰富,局部富硒,已形成一定数量的农产品品牌,建议开展都江堰—绵阳等地标准化农田建设,培育富硒农产品。建议进一步开展成渝城市群空白区土地质量调查、区域与重点产业地质调查等工作,以期持续提高地质资源对成渝城市群绿色发展的支撑作用。 相似文献
18.
The breakup of Czechoslovakia on 31 December 1992 resulted in the emergence of a newly independent Slovakia and Czech Republic. The split is often interpreted as the result of ethnic nationalism. In contrast, this paper attempts to assess the influence of regional inequalities and uneven economic development on the split. Pre-World War Two Czechoslovakia was unable to address large regional differences between the Czech lands and Slovakia. The economic policies pursued by the state socialist governments following 1948 were directed toward the elimination of these differences through rapid industrialization of Slovakia. The economic transformation in Czechoslovakia after the collapse of state socialism resulted in reemergence of uneven development between Slovakia and the Czech lands, which contributed to the disintegration of the country. The links between economic issues and politics are discussed, and the paper shows how the regional inequalities and economic issues were used to justify the necessity of Slovak and Czech independence. 相似文献
19.
区域综合地质调查是助力乡村振兴的基础性工作和重要技术支撑。本研究基于地质视角解读乡村振兴,围绕乡村人地安全、产业发展、地质文化、环境保护等方面进行剖析,提出地质灾害调查、工程地质评价、水文地质调查、农业地质调查、旅游地质遗迹调查等区域综合地质调查助力乡村振兴的关键内容;为提高助力效率效果,需做好项目顶层设计、制定乡村地区区域地质调查技术要求等标准、构建服务地方工作机制、开展系统人才培训培养等战略路径。未来乡村发展中,应进一步解决区域统筹部署与重点发展村镇选择、综合地质调查与乡村规划建设空间尺度匹配、综合地质调查和纵向专业性调查配合使用、工程地质评价与乡村地下空间集约利用、地质文化村建设与乡村规划建设衔接等问题,不断提高区域综合地质调查技术方法的服务能力,为乡村可持续振兴提供解决思路和方案。 相似文献
20.
矿产资源储量家底是一个国家的基础根基，矿产资源及矿产品(含重要工业产品)是一个国家实施工业化及促进现代化建设的物质基础，是一个国家综合国力的体现。要以科学的精神，评价矿产资源。有多少家底，办多大事情，一步一个脚印地支撑国家经济建设。本文在回顾1949年新中国建立以来70余年地质矿产资源勘查、矿产资源开发利用及工业化取得了举世瞩目的成就的基础上，对自1952年以来中国矿产资源国情调查与评价历史进行系统评价，经综合集成研究，总结提出中国矿产资源国情调查与评价的发展演变规律，所得出的研究结论与认识对于推进我国矿产资源国情调查与评价工作具有一定的现实意义。研究认为：矿产资源在我国工业化与经济社会发展中发挥着重要作用，基于中国矿产资源储量管理体制及职能的变化，以矿产资源储量管理为核心，将中国矿产资源国情调查与评价的发展演变阶段划分为5个时期：启动期(1952～1965年)、规范期(1966～1993年)、改革期(1994～2006年)、发展期(2007～2017年)与深化期(2018年-),阐述了各时期的特点与发展演变规律，以及查明资源储量和矿产品的变化规律。在每个时期，我国均依靠国家力量，组织... 相似文献