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1.
基于加权Voronoi图的北京市湿地功能分区研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湿地功能分区是城市湿地生态系统健康恢复、管理改善,以及资源可持续利用的重要前提。本文以北京湿地为例,利用客观赋权的主成分分析法对湿地生态服务功能进行综合评价;并结合空间分析中的Voronoi图空间分区方法,通过利用牛顿-断裂点模型确定属性权重的主要步骤,构建基于加权Voronoi图的城市湿地功能分区模型,开展"自下而上"定量化的北京湿地功能分区研究。结果表明:(1)北京湿地功能综合评价中,密云水库湿地的功能综合值最大,表明该湿地生态服务功能作用最重要。(2)北京湿地功能分区分为三级框架,其中包括4个一级核心湿地功能区、15个二级核心湿地功能区、43个三级核心湿地单元。(3)湿地资源功能价值量与湿地斑块空间关系的相结合,实现了属性和空间双重距离约束的湿地功能分区,促进了湿地生态系统服务价值评估在决策管理中的深入应用,为城市湿地功能区划提供技术支持。 相似文献
2.
基于层次分析法的拉市海高原湿地生态系统健康评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以云南省丽江市拉市海高原湿地生态系统核心区为研究区域,利用区域生态系统功能监测指标和自然环境及人文活动因素指标,对拉市海高原湿地生态系统的健康状况进行空间综合评估分析。首先,根据当前生态系统的状况和高原湿地生态系统的特征,结合湿地保护区开展的系列生态系统功能监测项目及其指标,并充分考虑评估模型的系统性、科学性和实际操作的可行性,构建了拉市海高原湿地生态系统健康评价的指标和指标体系。然后,采用层次分析方法(AHP),融合自然综合指标、人文因素指标在内的生态系统健康综合评价模型,确定6级的生态系统健康评估标准;最后,根据空间评价模型和数据资源,对各个指标权重进行分析计算,得出拉市海高原湿地生态系统的健康状况的空间分布。研究结果表明,拉市海高原湿地的生态系统健康状况良好。按照划定的6级标准,其中,稳定区和较稳定区面积9 358.93hm2,占研究区域总面积的61%,脆弱区和较脆弱区面积为6 058.46hm2,占总面积的39%。整个研究区域内不存在很稳定区和极稳定区,这为高原湿地生态系统的综合管理及发展规划提供了依据。 相似文献
3.
《国土资源科普与文化》2020,(2)
正湿地系统是自然界最富生物多样性的生态系统,也是人类最重要的生存环境之一。它广泛分布于世界各地,位于陆地生态系统与水生生态系统之间,拥有众多野生动植物资源,是很多珍稀水禽赖以生存的地方,有"鸟类的乐园"美称,又因其强大的生态净化功能而被称为"地球之肾"。 相似文献
4.
正红树林是湿地生态系统的重要组成部分,是生长在热带、亚热带河川、海岸滩涂潮间带的乔灌木群落,是由陆地向海洋过渡的特殊生态系统,红树林素有"海上森林"、"海底森林"、"海岸卫士"、"海水淡化器"等美称。作为海岸湿地生态系统惟一的木本植物,它具有防风搏浪、护岸护堤、调节气候等功能,对抵御海潮、风浪等自然灾害,维护和改善海湾、河口地区的生态环境具有不可替代的作用。 相似文献
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该文在对研究区资源环境本底基本了解的基础上,建立了包括耕地资源、水资源、社会经济资源、土壤环境、极端气候发生率和地质环境6个二级指标的资源环境承载力评价指标体系,采用定性和定量相结合的方法,利用层次分析法确定相关指标权重,分别对6个要素进行承载力评价。在各单元要素评价基础上,结合黄河三角洲高效生态经济区农业发展要求,划分出了沿海湿地生态系统保护带、北部盐渍化土质特色种植区、南部优质粮食生产区和果蔬集中种植区4个生态农业布局适宜区,并提出发展建议。 相似文献
6.
湿 地公园是指以保护湿地生态系统、合理利用湿地资源、开展湿地宣传教育和科学研究为目的,按照有关规定予以保护和管理的特定区域.杭州西溪国家湿地公园是集城市湿地、农耕湿地、文化湿地于一体的国家级湿地公园,位于杭州市区西部城区之中,面积10.38平方千米,四周为城市主干道环绕,即紫金港路、天目山路、五常大道、绕城公路和文二西... 相似文献
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河道湿地是流域生态系统中,位于水陆交错地带,关联陆地生态系统和水生生态系统的桥梁和纽带,对蓄水滞洪、净化水质和水土保持,以下维持生物多样性和生态平衡起重要的作用。本文采用1986、1996、2000、2006和2015年5期Landsat遥感影像数据对刘家峡以下黄河上游湿地进行湿地解译提取,并利用空间统计分析法、转移矩阵法和质心位置变化法对刘家峡以下黄河上游河段河道湿地演变规律以及驱动力因素进行研究。结果表明,1986-2015年,黄河上游河道湿地面积从17.3万hm2逐渐减少到12.2万hm2,减少了29.0%。研究区土地利用类型的转移主要发生在河流、裸滩、草本湿地与耕地的相互转化上。过去30年嫩滩湿地的变化幅度远大于老滩湿地,嫩滩湿地面积从1986年的15.46万hm2减少到2015年的10.41万hm2,减少了32.7%,嫩滩湿地演变规律为天生湿地型之间的相互演变,即河流-裸滩-沼泽湿地。而老滩湿地面积基本处在稳定状态,面积范围在1.84~2.28万hm2之间,具有天然湿地-人工湿地与天然湿地-农业用地的演变规律特征。水渠湿地、坑塘湿地和森林湿地质心位置变化较为突出,由单一类型动态度分析可知,研究区自然湿地萎缩、城镇化加速、河流水面面积减少加快。以上分析结果与研究区气温、水利水电工程、灌溉用水、凌汛期冰情以及城镇化程度均有关,与降雨量无明确关系。 相似文献
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黄河三角洲是中国唯一一块保存最完整、最典型、最年轻的湿地生态系统,由于其地理位置优越、自然资源丰富等特点,在国际上备受关注。该文在已有资料分析、现场地质调查、遥感数据分析的基础上,构建了黄河三角洲湿地资源地质环境评价指标体系,采用定量与定性相结合的方法,将黄河三角洲湿地地质环境质量分为5个等级(优、良、一般、较差和差),研究结果表明,该地区19个县(市、区)中湿地地质环境资源质量为良的有8个,质量一般的为11个,总体处于健康-疾病的临界状态。并基于以上研究成果,针对性地提出了黄河三角洲湿地资源保护对策。 相似文献
10.
湿地在城市水体面源污染治理中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湿地是自然界中的一种重要的土地资源．湿地生态系统具有很强的降解和转化污染物的能力,它通过吸附、过滤、沉淀、植物吸收、微生物降解等途径采实现对污染物的高效分解与净化,是处理水体面源污染的有效手段。相对于天然湿地,合理设计的人工湿地处理能力更强,对面源污染物中的BOD3、总悬浮物、营养盐、金属离子等都有很强的处理能力。在我国城市水体面源污染日益严重的背景下,利用我国湿地资源丰富的特点,通过借鉴湿地处理系统在国外城市面源污染治理中的应用经验,结合中国城市发展的现状,提出了推广湿地系统处理城市水体面源污染物的相关原则。 相似文献
11.
STUDY ON WETLAND LOSS AND ITS REASONS IN CHINA 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＷｅｔｌａｎｄｓａｒｅｔｈｅｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｗｉｔｈｍａｎｙｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｐｒｏｖｉｄｉｎｇｕｓｗｉｔｈａｒａｎｇｅｏｆｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓｓｕｃｈａｓｗａｔｅｒｓｕｐｐｌｙｆｌｏｗｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓｅｎｄｉｍｅｎｔｒｅｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｍｏｄｅｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｌｉｍａｔｅｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｏｎｏｆｓａｌｉｎｅｗａｔｅｒｉｎｔｒｕｓｉｏｎｅｔｃ．Ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈｗｅｔｌａｎｄｏｃｃｕｐｙｏｎｌｙａｂｏｕｔ６％… 相似文献
12.
Wetland biodiversity means mainly the types of wetland ecosystem and biological species diversity. Biodiversity includes all
species of plants, animals and microbes, all gene possessed by them and all ecosystems consisting of them and environment.
According to the origin and genesis, China’s wetlands can be divided into natural wetland ecosystems including mires, lakeshores,
bottomland, seashore, wet meadow, etc., and artificial wetland ecosystem including paddy field. Then based on geomorphological
type, these ecosystems can be divided into 15 subsystems, then based on soil substrata and ecological niche conditions, they
can be subdivided into 15 classes, finally according to construction species of plants, several types can be divided into.
They are not only the expression of ecosystem diversity, but also the base for biological communities subsistence. This peculiar
ecological niche provides a complex and perfect special habitat for various animal and plant communities. In this special
habitat, there exist various biological types from monomolecular microbes to higher plants and animals, especially some endangered
and rare plants and animals. According to the statistics, there are more than 300 species of birds in China wetlands, making
up one-third of the total number of China’s birds. Wetlands not only good place for waterbirds living, but also the important
environment on which wild animals and plant rely for existence. There are 65 species of mammals, 50 species of reptiles, 45
species of amphibious animals, 1040 species of fish, 825 species of higher plants, 639 species of angiosperm, 10 species of
gymnosperm, 12 species of pteridophyte and 164 species of bryophyte investigated in China’s wetlands. 相似文献
13.
STUDY ON WETLAND BIODIVERSITY IN CHINA 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
ＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＷＥＴＬＡＮＤＢＩＯＤＩＶＥＲＳＩＴＹＩＮＣＨＩＮＡ吕宪国，王荣芬ＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＷＥＴＬＡＮＤＢＩＯＤＩＶＥＲＳＩＴＹＩＮＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＬｕＸｉａｎｇｕｏ；ＷａｎｇＲｏｎｇｆｅｎ（ＣｈａｎｇｃｈｕｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ... 相似文献
14.
Wetlands play an important ecological role and provide many functions for people,yet wetlands are cur-rently decreasing and deteriorating.The ability to calculate an economic value for the loss of wetlands is becoming in-creasingly important for policy makers.In this study,remote sensing,field investigations,department visits,and other methods were used to survey wetland types,assess wetland area changes,and calculate wetland economic value.Mar-ket value loss and ecological function value loss,caused by reduction of wetland area and environmental pollution were calculated using commonly accepted methods of market valuation,ecological valuation,environmental protection investment cost analysis,and outcome parameters.According to market value loss and ecological function value loss,preliminarily fund allocation for wetland and ecological compensation was calculated.This will provide an important reference for future Yellow River Delta eco-compensation studies. 相似文献
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16.
Wetlands of China cover an area of 63 million ha, among which, natural wetlands 25 million ha, including mires, shallow lakes,
etc., artificial wetlands 38 million ha. Besides these, there are a lot of rivers and islands, stretching 18,000 km of coastal
line and coastal zone below the tidal within the water depth of 6 m. Based on the climatic regional differences, biota similarity
and biodiversity abundance, China’s wetlands can be divided into 9 main regions. Wetlands not only have huge functions to
regulate mankind’s living environment, but also are the important and precious natural resources. For a long period, since
the contradiction between population and resources, energy, grain is getting more and more obvious, China’s wetlands are facing
to serious disturbances, such as large-scale reclamation, overhunting, industrial waste water pollution and species introducing.
They have brought about the wetland quantity reducing and quality falling, furthermore have effects on sustainable development.
For the special national conditions of China, higher population pressure, China should carry out wetland resource protection
and rational utilization, not only protection. 相似文献
17.
ESTIMATION OF ECOLOGICAL SERVICE VALUES OF WETLANDS IN SHANGHAI, CHINA 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
LIBo ZHONGYang NAKAGOSHINobukazu CHENJia-kuan 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2005,15(2):151-156
1IN TR O D U CTIO N Wetlandsprovidemany importantservicesto human societ,y butareatthesame timeecologicallsyensitiv andadaptivesystems.Thisexplainswhy inrecentyears much attentiohnasbeenpaidto theformulatioanndop- erationof sustainablmeanagement strategie… 相似文献
18.
Zhenshan Xue Xianguo Lyu Zhike Chen Zhongsheng Zhang Ming Jiang Kun Zhang Yonglei Lyu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,28(6):935-945
Wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) perform a dazzling array of vital ecological functions and are one of the most fragile ecosystems in the world. Timely and accurate information describing wetland resources and their changes over time is becoming more important in their protection and conservation. By using remote sensing data, this study intended to investigate spatial distribution and temporal variations of wetlands on the QTP at different watershed scales from 1970s to 2010s. Results show that wetlands on the QTP have undergone widespread degradation from 1970s to 2010s, with nearly 6.4% of their area being lost. Areas of freshwater marsh, salt marsh and wet meadow declined by 46.6%, 53.9% and 15.6%, respectively, while lake area increased by 14.6%. The most extensive losses of natural wetlands have occurred in endorheic basins, such as in the Kunlun-Altun-Qilian Drainage Basin and Qiangtang Basin, which shrank by 44.5% and 33.1%, respectively. A pronounced increase in temperature tends to facilitate the evaporation process and reduce water availability for wetlands. One-third of the wetlands on the QTP are under threat of being submerged due to lakes rising in recent years. More research is needed to gain insight into the interaction mechanisms behind observed variations and potential impacts from further warming in the future. 相似文献
19.
Wetlands play a very important role in ecosystems. Qixinghe Wetland is a nature reserve area in northeastern China. In this paper, diatom communities and environmental qualities were investigated at eight sites in Qixinghe Wetland. This study was to examine diatom species patterns in relation to environmental variables in wetlands, and to use diatoms as indicators to water quality in wetlands and wetland classification. Diatoms were sampled in summers and autumns in 2002 and 2004, during which 180 taxa were identified. Environmental variations in pH, temperature, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were measured. The seasonal composition and abundance of diatoms changed greatly during the study period. The relationship between diatoms and chemical water quality was estimated statistically. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) with forward selection and Monte Carlo permutation tests revealed that all water environmental variables changed during the study period (P<0.05). Among all the parameters, variation in BOD among the sites was a very important determinant of species composition according to the CCA, and BOD decreased from 2002 to 2004. Our results suggest that the water quality had improved during the three-year period because of enhanced environmental protection with less human disturbance. We conclude that diatoms can be used to indicate water quality and habitat conditions in this wetland. 相似文献