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汉江流域湿地变化及其生态健康评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湿地是土地资源类型的重要组成部分,湿地景观格局的变化与气候变化、土地利用变化密切相关。为了获取汉江流域湿地资源现状以及变化特征,科学地诊断湿地生存现状和保护湿地资源,本文基于2000、2005和2010年3期遥感卫星监测数据,分析2000-2010年来汉江流域湿地景观变化特征。运用压力-状态-响应模型分别从3个不同的角度搜集影响汉江流域湿地生态健康状况指标因子,并利用层次分析法获取评价指标权重因子,最终基于模糊层次综合分析模型定量评价汉江流域整体及上中下游湿地生态健康状况。研究结果表明：① 10年间汉江流域湿地总面积呈下降趋势,但汉江流域湿地面积随时间推移变化强度逐渐放缓;② 汉江流域湿地生态健康状况具有明显的空间差异,自西北向东南健康状况由健康向脆弱趋势变化,根据模糊层次综合评价模型得出,汉江上游流域湿地生态健康隶属于健康,中游流域湿地生态健康状况隶属于亚健康,下游区域湿地生态健康状况则隶属于脆弱状态,汉江流域湿地整体景观生态健康状况为亚健康。 相似文献
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本文以1990、1995、2000、2005年的上海市土地利用遥感监测数据为基本数据源,分析了1990-2005年上海市城市空间扩展 的时空特征。同时利用SLEUTH模型对城市空间扩展进行了模拟和精度验证,并对未来30年上海市城市空间扩展进行了预测。结果显示:1990-2005年,上海市城市空间扩展明显,城市面积净增加81 278hm2,净增长10.14%;在扩展的时间过程上呈现先减缓后加剧的趋势,2000-2005年城市用地扩展最为剧烈,城市面积净增加40 668hm2,净增长5.08%,填海造陆是该时期城市扩展的典型特征。SLEUTH模型可以较好地模拟预测上海市城市空间扩展的时空过程,不同时期模拟与遥感监测结果的Kappa系数最高达到了0.8476;未来30年,上海市城市用地将以年平均增长率1.63%的速度扩展,2040年城市用地面积将达到152 685hm2。城市扩展将占用耕地41 824hm2,年平均占用耕地1200hm2。城市扩展的方式主要是边缘增长,东部的浦东新区沿五洲大道向海方向、南部的徐汇区沿沪闵高架路向南,以及西部的嘉定区和青浦区沿京沪高速两侧向西的地区 均是未来城市扩展的主要方向。 相似文献
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江西省生态脆弱性现状GIS模型评价 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
生态环境脆弱性评价研究,对生态环境建设与保护具有重大意义。本研究以江西省为例,依据生态脆弱性的内涵与成因,针对江西区域生态环境特征,构建了江西省生态脆弱性综合评价指标体系,采用空间主成分分析法,确定各指标的权重。在GIS支持下,采用综合指数评价法计算生态脆弱度综合指数。研究结果表明,2005年,该省生态环境以中度脆弱为主,占全省总面积的85.36%,低度脆弱面积占14.64%,整体上属中度脆弱区;脆弱度空间分异特征明显:五河上游山区大多属于强中度或中中度脆弱区,五河中下游丘陵地区大多属于弱中度脆弱区;而低度脆弱区主要分布在鄱阳湖平原区和吉泰盆地。研究结果揭示了江西的自然环境条件是导致生态脆弱性的基础,而人类不合理的活动加剧了其脆弱性。 相似文献
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进行区域生态系统健康评价,可以为当地制定生态系统保护政策和措施、生态系统协调和可持续发展提供科学依据。受数据源获取困难等因素制约,从乡（镇、街道）尺度开展的生态系统健康研究尚不多见。本文通过压力-状态-响应模型,选取15个指标因子构建了适宜于乡（镇、街道）尺度的评价指标体系,然后以第一次地理国情普查成果、统计年鉴数据和Landsat8、HJ-CCD、OMI遥感影像为主要数据源,对部分指标使用统计降尺度处理的基础上,以乡（镇、街道）为评价单元,运用熵值法综合评价兰州市生态系统健康状况,并对压力-状态-响应协调度进行分析。研究结果表明：① 生态系统健康整体表现出由城市中心区较差向城市外围区较好的过渡和替换趋势,从乡镇（街道）尺度来看,属于“不健康”、“亚健康”、“健康”、“很健康”的分别有13.5%、28.8%、51.3%、6.2%;② 就协调度而言,有59%的乡（镇、街道）为中度协调区,主要连片分布在城市郊区,其余分布在安宁区的街道,剩余的41%街道为高度协调区和低度协调区,占国土面积的25%,主要分布在城区的街道,零星分布在城市郊区的一些乡镇。 相似文献
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基于加权Voronoi图的北京市湿地功能分区研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湿地功能分区是城市湿地生态系统健康恢复、管理改善,以及资源可持续利用的重要前提。本文以北京湿地为例,利用客观赋权的主成分分析法对湿地生态服务功能进行综合评价;并结合空间分析中的Voronoi图空间分区方法,通过利用牛顿-断裂点模型确定属性权重的主要步骤,构建基于加权Voronoi图的城市湿地功能分区模型,开展"自下而上"定量化的北京湿地功能分区研究。结果表明:(1)北京湿地功能综合评价中,密云水库湿地的功能综合值最大,表明该湿地生态服务功能作用最重要。(2)北京湿地功能分区分为三级框架,其中包括4个一级核心湿地功能区、15个二级核心湿地功能区、43个三级核心湿地单元。(3)湿地资源功能价值量与湿地斑块空间关系的相结合,实现了属性和空间双重距离约束的湿地功能分区,促进了湿地生态系统服务价值评估在决策管理中的深入应用,为城市湿地功能区划提供技术支持。 相似文献
6.
城市绿量的遥感估算与热岛效应的相关分析——以北京市五环区域为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究以遥感分析北京城市绿地对地表温度的影响,研究包括绿地提取、绿量估算、地表温度反演,地表温度和绿量相关分析。并以高精度Rapid Eye遥感影像,提取了五环内的绿地面积(197.3km2,占城区总面积的29.6%),且估算绿量总值为2450.7km2。同时用2009年7月20日的Landsat5 TM 6波段数据进行地表温度反演,低温区、中温区、次热岛和热岛区域所占的五环内城区面积的比例分别为12.3%,34.7%,40.4%和12.6%。绿量和地表温度呈负相关关系:y=-1278.7x+60650,城市绿地可以使城区平均温度降低2.6℃。 相似文献
7.
近30年来青海省三江源区草地的土壤侵蚀时空分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
分析了青海省三江源区草地生态系统土壤侵蚀的空间差异,以及草地退化与土壤侵蚀的关系,并对该区近30年来土壤侵蚀的动念变化进行描述.结果表明,该区域微度以上土壤侵蚀面积占源区总面积的46.47%,而草地生态系统发生微度以上土壤侵蚀的面积比例达56.04%.源区土壤侵蚀类型是以冻融侵蚀伴随着水力侵蚀或风力侵蚀的复合侵蚀为主,... 相似文献
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近20年以来,随着我国经济结构的调整和农村劳动力的转移,部分地区冬闲田的面积呈明显增长态势。为了科学、合理及高效地利用冬闲田资源,本研究以长江中下游农业区为实验区,利用长时间序列NDVI数据,结合研究区耕地空间分布和农作物在出苗期和成熟期NDVI变化特征,构建了NDVI动态阈值法的冬闲田遥感监测方法,进而对研究区2007至2008年冬闲田的空间分布和闲置时间进行了提取分析。研究发现,2007至2008年,我国长江中下游农业区冬闲田总面积为20.55万km2,占耕地总面积的45.49%。冬闲田集中分布于研究区北部和西北部的江苏、安徽、河南、湖北、湖南和江西的西北部地区,其中,湖北、湖南和江苏是冬闲田分布面积最多的省份,3省冬闲田面积占了研究区冬闲田总面积的53.41%。 相似文献
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10.
生态环境状况评价是区域生态环境保护与管理的重要基础,脆弱生态区则是当前关注的热点区域。该文选择黄河三角洲脆弱生态核心区,利用3S(RS、GIS、GPS)数据、统计数据、野外实测数据等多元数据,构建并提取了7个反映生态环境状况的评价指标,用层次分析法确定各指标权重,以200m边长网格作为评价单元,通过指标叠加获取各单元分值,进而将生态环境状况划分为优、良、中、差、劣6个等级,得到了垦利区生态环境状况的评价结果,并进行了生态环境分区与分析。结果显示,垦利区的生态环境状况总体较差,生态环境状况优、良的比例仅占7.7%,差、劣的等级则占61.5%,生态环境状况从东北沿海向西南内陆呈变好趋势。与利用国家规程的评价结果相比,该研究能更加细致合理反映研究区生态环境等级变化。垦利区生态环境划分为稳定区、过渡区和脆弱区3个区,各区主要土地利用类型分别为耕地、盐荒地和滩涂,占各区面积的36.84%、31.85%和47.37%,生态环境稳定区要强化农田基本建设,控制建设用地规模,同时加强区内盐荒地的开发利用;生态环境过渡区应提高耕地集约化利用程度,加大土壤盐渍化改良力度,提高地表植被覆盖;生态环境脆弱区应适度水产养殖规模,防止海水侵蚀,加强天然林草地的保护。 相似文献
11.
SHI Honghua） ） ZHENG Wei） WANG Zongling） DING Dewen） ） Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Ecology of Ministry of Education Institute of Applied Mathematics Ocean University of China Qingdao P. R. China ） First Institute of Oceanography SOA Qingdao P. R. China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2009,8(2):150-154
Marine ecosystem services are the benefits which people obtain from the marine ecosystem, including provisioning ser-vices, regulating services, cultural services and supporting services. The human species, while buffered against environmental changes by culture and technology, is fundamentally dependent on the flow of ecosystem services. Marine ecosystem services be-come increasingly valuable as the terrestrial resources become scarce. The value of marine ecosystem services is the monetary flow of ecosystem services on specific temporal and spatial scales, which often changes due to the variation of the goods prices, yields and the status of marine exploitation. Sensitivity analysis is to study the relationship between the value of marine ecosystem services and the main factors which affect it. Uncertainty analysis based on varying prices, yields and status of marine exploitation was carried out. Through uncertainty analysis, a more credible value range instead of a fixed value of marine ecosystem services was obtained in this study. Moreover, sensitivity analysis of the marine ecosystem services value revealed the relative importance of different factors. 相似文献
12.
Ecosystem health assessment of Honghu Lake Wetland of China using artificial neural network approach 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Minghao Mo Xuelei Wang Houjian Wu Shuming Cai Xiaoyang Zhang Huiliang Wang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2009,19(4):349-356
Honghu Lake, located in the southeast of Hubei Province, China, has suffered a severe disturbance during the past few decades.
To restore the ecosystem, the Honghu Lake Wetland Protection and Restoration Demonstration Project (HLWPRDP) has been implemented
since 2004. A back propagation (BP) artificial neural network (ANN) approach was applied to evaluatinig the ecosystem health
of the Honghu Lake wetland. And the effectiveness of the HLWPRDP was also assessed by comparing the ecosystem health before
and after the project. Particularly, 12 ecosystem health indices were used as evaluation parameters to establish a set of
three-layer BP ANNs. The output is one layer of ecosystem health index. After training and testing the BP ANNs, an optimal
model of BP ANNs was selected to assess the ecosystem health of the Honghu Lake wetland. The result indicates that four stages
can be identified based on the change of the ecosystem health from 1990 to 2008 and the ecosystem health index ranges from
morbidity before the implementation of HLWPRDP (in 2002) to middle health after the implementation of the HLWPRDP (in 2005).
It demonstrates that the HLWPRDP is effective and the BP ANN could be used as a tool for the assessment of ecosystem health. 相似文献
13.
Regional ecological health,the core of comprehensive ecosystem assessments,is an important foundation for regional exploration,environmental conservation,and sustainable development.The mountainous areas in southwest China are backward in economy,but industrialization and urbanization have been rapid in recent years.This study assessed the ecosystem health of the Sichuan and Yunnan provinces in China using a pressure-state-response(PSR)model.Spatiotemporal patterns of regional ecosystem health were analyzed from 2000 to 2016,including overall characteristics as well as local characteristics.Ecosystem health in most regions was improved over time(Y=0.0058 X–11.0132,R2=0.95,P<0.001),and areas with poorer ecosystem health decreased from half to one-third of the total area.Analysis of the primacy ratio and the variation coefficient confirmed that the gap in health scores between regions has gradually expanded since 2007,but there are more high quality regions overall(Z of Moran’s index<1.96,P>0.05).Overall,the regional ecosystems to the east of the Hu line-an imaginary line dividing east and west China into roughly equivalent parts-were healthier than those to the west.The pressure and state scores of ecosystems were determined by physiographic condition,and the response scores by government policies and social concern.The spatiotemporal patterns of ecosystem health were dominated to a greater extent by natural than anthropogenic factors,which explains why the shift in the patterns aligned with the direction of the Hu line.Dividing regions into key management areas based on natural geographical conditions and socioeconomic development could contribute to the formulation of a reasonable ecological and environmental protection policy,guaranteeing ecosystem services in the long run. 相似文献
14.
以流域作为山-水-林-田-湖-草生命共同体的研究尺度和载体,流域生态学在国家生态文明建设中所发挥的学科支撑作用日益重要。“流域生态系统结构-过程-功能-机制-调控”是流域生态学的研究范式,其中空间结构量化及其指标体系构建是流域生态学开展定量研究的一个关键途径。尽管流域生态系统空间结构量化的指标体系涉及到淡水生态学、陆地生态系统生态学、水土保持学、农业环境学和水利工程学等多个学科,但仍未在流域尺度上形成生态系统空间结构整合量化框架体系。基于此,总结了多个关联学科在流域生态系统空间结构量化的研究方法和成果,着重分析了流域生态学在流域尺度上量化生态系统空间结构的难点,并重点以等级结构和集合生态系统理论为基础构建了流域生态系统空间结构量化指标体系,包括流域整体指标、各结构成分指标和结构成分间关系指标,为量化流域生态系统空间结构和结构成分之间关系提供了新方法,对尝试推动流域生态学在山-水-林-田-湖-草生命共同体的耦合定量研究及评估应用具有重要的科学价值。 相似文献
15.
Research Agenda for Understanding Transboundary Ecosystem Changes and Eco-security in Southwestern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LIU Jiang HE Daming 《山地科学学报》2006,3(1):81-90
Introduction One of the foremost challenges facing the world in the 21st century is maintaining global ecosystem diversity. This requires thorough understanding of ecosystem vulnerability and resilience. Economic globalization has forced nations to consid… 相似文献
16.
A healthy ecosystem depends on the coordination of ecosystem structure and function.The coordination among ecosystem components,however,is seldom taken into account in current ecosystem health assessments(EHA).Neglect of such coordination may lead to large degrees of uncertainty in EHA and fail to support ecosystem management.We propose an approach to quantify the level of dynamic mismatching between ecosystem structure and function and the impact on ecosystem health by incorporating the ecosystem coordination index into EHA.The coordination degree is calculated using variation coefficient of six proxies for ecosystem structure and functions.The ecosystem at Jiaozhou Bay,as a microcosm of China's coast,has been documented to fluctuate from healthy to unhealthy status over the past three decades.The results indicate that there is a 3%-17% lower health level than that calculated by common methods used in the literature,indicating that the health of Jiaozhou Bay has become worse than expected.Habitat change contributes 20%-52% to ecosystem mismatches and is the most uncoordinated factor.Mismatch-related declines account for approximately one-fourth of the total ecological declines.Restoration scenarios that aim to resolve ecosystem mismatches could increase efficiency by about 50% compared to restoration scenarios that do not consider mismatches.This study investigates ecological declines in a coastal bay due to 30 years of rapid economic development.In doing so,this study provides novel insights and enhances our understanding of the reasons for failure in ecological restoration. 相似文献
17.
The southern Yellow Sea is an important fishing ground, providing abundant fishery resources. However, overfishing and climate change have caused a decline in the resource and damaged the ecosystem. We developed an ecosystem model to analyze the trophic interactions and ecosystem structure and function to guide sustainable development of the ecosystem. A trophic mass-balance model of the southern Yellow Sea during 2000–2001 was constructed using Ecopath with Ecosim software. We defined 22 important functional groups and studied their diet composition. The trophic levels of fish, shrimp, crabs, and cephalopods were between 2.78 and 4.39, and the mean trophic level of the fisheries was 3.24. The trophic flows within the food web occurred primarily in the lower trophic levels. The mean trophic transfer efficiency was 8.1%, of which 7.1% was from primary producers and 9.3% was from detritus within the ecosystem. The transfer efficiency between trophic levels II to III to IV to V to >V was 5.0%, 5.7%, 18.5%, and 19.7%–20.4%, respectively. Of the total flow, phytoplankton contributed 61% and detritus contributed 39%. Fishing is defined as a top predator within the ecosystem, and has a negative impact on most commercial species. Moreover, the ecosystem had a high gross efficiency of the fishery and a high value of primary production required to sustain the fishery. Together, our data suggest there is high fishing pressure in the southern Yellow Sea. Based on analysis of Odum’s ecological parameters, this ecosystem was at an immature stage. Our results provide some insights into the structure and development of this ecosystem. 相似文献
18.
浙江省森林生态服务价值估算及其逐月变异分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
森林生态服务价值的研究对构建绿色GDP核算体系、制定生态补偿标准、提高人类环境保护意识等有十分重要的意义。本文首先以卫星影像、地理空间数据、站点记录等资料,结合GIS、RS技术,估算了浙江省森林生态系统2010年的NPP、蒸散量、土壤保持量等;然后,采用能量替代法、机会成本法、影子工程法等估算了浙江省森林2010年的固碳释氧价值、有机物生产价值、水源涵养价值、营养物循环价值、水土保持价值;最后,对各种生态服务价值的逐月变异规律进行分析。结果表明：浙江省森林2010年的5种生态服务价值呈现明显的逐月变异规律;固碳释氧价值、有机物生产价值、营养物质循环价值、水土保持价值的逐月变异规律,均可用开口向下抛物线拟合;水源涵养价值的逐月变异规律,可用开口向上抛物线拟合。 相似文献
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福建省森林生态系统NPP的遥感模拟与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用MODIS遥感影像,结合气象资料等数据,采用BEPS过程模型对2004年福建省的森林生态系统植被净初级生产力(NPP)进行了模拟验证。研究结果表明,2004年福建省森林生态系统NPP平均值为578.97gC/m2·a,NPP总量累计达到46.18×106tC;不同林地NPP全年平均值大小依次为:竹林≈阔叶林>杉木>马尾松,其值分别为:788.6gC/m2·a,780.0gC/m2·a,519.8gC/m2·a,437.3gC/m2·a;时空分析结果表明,2004年6-8月NPP形成较为明显的"坑"形分布形态,主要的原因之一很可能是有效降水量偏少;在空间分布上,福建省森林生态系统NPP与海拔高程显著相关,体现了该地区森林生态系统NPP空间分布的地域特征,这在一定程度上表明随着海拔上升,山高坡陡,人类对森林生态系统的干扰活动减少,有助于森林生态系统生产力的提高和维持。最后,分析了应用BEPS过程模型模拟福建省森林生态系统净初级生产力的不确定性问题。 相似文献