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1.
Tidal sand bars and tidal sand ridges are extensively developed in the macrotidal Gulf of Khambhat, offshore western India. The inner and outer regions of the gulf are characterised by the development distinct tidal sand bodies with discrete geometries and dimensions. The outer gulf ridges are long, narrow, curvilinear and several metres high (∼20 m). They are asymmetric in cross-section and migratory in nature, forming ‘ribbon’ like sand bodies separated by tidal channels. Active dunes on these ridges indicate the presence of sand and their orientation parallel to palaeo-shorelines supports a tidal origin. In contrast to the outer gulf tidal sand ridges, sand bars associated with macrotidal estuaries flanking the Gulf of Khambhat typically have an elongate to diamond shape and are only hundreds of metres in width and a few kilometres length. These tidal sand bars occur in the estuary mouths and within the tidally influenced fluvial reaches of the rivers flowing into the gulf. The height of these sand bars is in the range ∼1–3 m. Due to high tidal ranges and bi-directional flow the sand bars do not develop significant height and are formed between the mutually evasive ebb and flow channels. Their bi-directional foresets and the presence of abundant mud drapes associated with the dunes within in-channel sand bars indicate a tidal origin.The Gulf of Khambhat acquired the present configuration in the last few thousand years since the Pleistocene sea-level lowstand (last glacial maximum, ∼18 ka) when the entire continental shelf was subaerially exposed and rivers down-cut into the coastal plain. With increasing sea-level rise, the exposed shelf was drowned, flooding parts of the Modern western Indian peninsula, and large tidal sand ridges formed in the outer gulf. After the fall of sea-level at 2 ka the gulf acquired the Modern configuration with multiple estuaries on both coastlines, rivers supplied the embayment with sandy sediment, and tidal sand bars formed in the Modern estuaries.Quantitative data gathered from the Modern Gulf of Khambhat indicates that for the P50 case, a vertical drill hole will encounter tidal sand bodies (ridges and bars combined) of approximate dimensions 1700 m long, 470 m wide and 1.5 m high, with a spacing of 400 m. In subsurface hydrocarbon reservoirs, where data is sparse and only limited amount of core is available, this quantitative dataset can be useful to constrain subsurface geocellular models. Also, the overall geometry, distribution and aspect ratio of the tidal sand ridges and tidal sand bars can be used to identify ancient counterparts through seismic geomorphology or in core. 相似文献
2.
杭州湾的沉积结构与沉积环境分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
漏斗状的地形、强劲的潮流和长江入海泥沙的输入是制约杭州湾沉积作用的主要因素。根据沉积结构特征可将杭州湾划分为五种不同的沉积环境:东部湾底、西部湾底、庵东浅滩、近岸深槽和水下沙脊。杭州湾内潮流脊发育不好的原因在于没有足够的粗屑物质。 相似文献
3.
B. T. Donahue A. C. Hine S. Tebbens S. D. Locker D. C. Twichell 《Marine Geology》2003,200(1-4):219-241
The purpose of this study was to determine if and how a large, modern estuarine system, situated in the middle of an ancient carbonate platform, has affected its adjacent inner shelf both in the past during the last, post-glacial sea-level rise and during the present. An additional purpose was to determine if and how this inner shelf seaward of a major estuary differed from the inner shelves located just to the north and south but seaward of barrier-island shorelines. Through side-scan sonar mosaicking, bathymetric studies, and ground-truthing using surface grab samples as well as diver observations, two large submarine sand plains were mapped – one being the modern ebb-tidal delta and the other interpreted to be a relict ebb-tidal delta formed earlier in the Holocene. The most seaward portion of the inner shelf studied consists of a field of lobate, bathymetrically elevated, fine-sand accumulations, which were interpreted to be sediment-starved 3D dunes surrounded by small 2D dunes composed of coarse molluscan shell gravel. Additionally, exposed limestone hardbottoms supporting living benthic communities were found as well. This modern shelf sedimentary environment is situated on a large, buried shelf valley, which extends eastward beneath the modern Tampa Bay estuary. These observations plus the absence of an incised shelf valley having surficial bathymetric expression, and the absence of sand bodies normally associated with back-tracking estuarine systems indicate that there was no cross-shelf estuarine retreat path formed during the last rise in sea level. Instead, the modern Tampa Bay formed within a mid-platform, low-relief depression, which was flooded by rising marine waters late in the Holocene. With continued sea-level rise in the late Holocene, this early embayment was translated eastward or landward to its present position, whereby a larger ebb-tidal delta prograded out onto the inner shelf. Extensive linear sand ridges, common to the inner shelves to the north and south, did not form in this shelf province because it was a low-energy, open embayment lacking the wave climate and nearshore zone necessary to create such sand bodies. The distribution of bedforms on the inner shelf and the absence of seaward-oriented 2D dunes on the modern ebb-tidal delta indicate that the modern estuarine system has had little effect on its adjacent inner shelf. 相似文献
4.
《Marine Geology》2005,216(4):239-247
The Ayeyarwady continental shelf is a complex sedimentary system characterized by large sediment influx (> 360 million ton/yr), a wide shelf (> 170 km), a strong tidal regime (7 m maximum tidal range), and incised by the Martaban Canyon. Grain size distribution on the Ayeyarwady shelf reveals three distinct areas in terms of sediment texture (i) a near-shore mud belt in the Gulf of Martaban and adjacent inner shelf (ii) outer shelf relict sands and (iii) mixed sediments with varying proportions of relict sand and modern mud in the Martaban Canyon. The bulk of the terrigenous sediment discharged by the Ayeyarwady River is displaced eastwards by a combination of tidal currents and clockwise flowing SW monsoon current and deposited in the Gulf of Martaban resulting in shoaling of its water depths. Part of the sediment discharge reaches the deep Andaman Sea via the Martaban Canyon and the rest is transported westward into the Bay of Bengal by the counter-clockwise flowing NE monsoon currents. 相似文献
5.
胶州湾内外的涨、落潮三角洲上发育有一定规模的潮流沙脊体系,通过多波束调查采集数据和浅剖、沉积物资料的分析,对沙脊特征进行了研究。湾内涨潮三角洲上分别分布有冒岛沙脊、中央沙脊和岛耳河沙脊;湾外落潮三角洲上分别发育了潮流沙脊大竹、南沙、北沙和位于主潮流通道末端的弧状沙脊。潮流沙脊体系的演变具有较为明显的继承性。沙脊以海侵时期发育的沙体为内核,沉积物组成以粒度较粗的砂质沉积物为主,物源基础为低海平面时期胶州湾盆地内堆积的河流三角洲相沉积物。据分析,沙脊现代物源较为匮乏,整体目前处于冲刷不淤的状态。在现代潮流水动力条件下,研究区潮流沙脊处于活动状态。 相似文献
6.
东海西北部陆架表层沉积物重矿物组合及其沉积环境指示 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了东海陆架360个表层沉积物的碎屑矿物和粒度组成,利用R型聚类方法提取稳定重矿物和重矿物分异指数作为矿物分布规律的指示因子;根据快速聚类结果将重矿物组成分为3个区:东海陆架海侵体系域晚期残留砂体区、高位体系域晚期长江水下前三角洲和浙闽沿岸流泥质沉积区、高位体系域扬子浅滩沉积区。结合粒度参数和特征矿物分布、沉积物14C年龄对各区沉积环境进行讨论,确定陆架残留沉积和改造沉积的成因、长江水下三角洲和浙闽沿岸流泥质区的范围,以及对应不同海侵层序的矿物分异特征和物质"源-汇"关系。聚类分析虽能够指示同一物源碎屑矿物分布与沉积动力关系,但物源不同,聚类结果可能误导沉积环境分析。扬子浅滩表层砂体是在距今6~4和3~2 ka 的两个潮流沉积发育期形成的多期改造沙波沉积。 相似文献
7.
根据南黄海辐射沙脊群定点站位的流速和浊度数据,利用通量分解方法,分析了潮汐水道的悬沙输运特征和输运机制。结果表明,辐射沙脊群海域潮汐水道中潮流为往复流,悬沙浓度较高,属于强潮流控制的悬沙浓度相对较高的陆架浅海环境;悬沙输运主要受欧拉余流和潮汐捕捉效应控制,再悬浮的沉积物通过平流作用进行输运。其中,陈家坞槽和西洋水道的悬沙输运以潮汐捕捉效应占优,沉积物向潮汐水道外输运,处于冲刷状态;苦水洋水道以欧拉余流输运为主,水道内的再悬浮的沉积物在强潮流作用下向陆输运,主要堆积在蒋家沙和西洋西侧岸滩等浅滩和潮间带上。由此可见,在陆源物质供应减少背景下,南黄海辐射沙脊群内部的物质充当了新的物源,短期内能够维持近岸潮滩和沙脊的持续增长。 相似文献
8.
Sediment-starved sand ridges on a mixed carbonate/siliciclastic inner shelf off west-central Florida
S. E. Harrison S. D. Locker A. C. Hine J. H. Edwards D. F. Naar D. C. Twichell D. J. Mallinson 《Marine Geology》2003,200(1-4):171-194
High-resolution side-scan mosaics, sediment analyses, and physical process data have revealed that the mixed carbonate/siliciclastic, inner shelf of west-central Florida supports a highly complex field of active sand ridges mantled by a hierarchy of bedforms. The sand ridges, mostly oriented obliquely to the shoreline trend, extend from 2 km to over 25 km offshore. They show many similarities to their well-known counterparts situated along the US Atlantic margin in that both increase in relief with increasing water depth, both are oriented obliquely to the coast, and both respond to modern shelf dynamics. There are significant differences in that the sand ridges on the west-central Florida shelf are smaller in all dimensions, have a relatively high carbonate content, and are separated by exposed rock surfaces. They are also shoreface-detached and are sediment-starved, thus stunting their development. Morphological details are highly distinctive and apparent in side-scan imagery due to the high acoustic contrast. The seafloor is active and not a relict system as indicated by: (1) relatively young AMS 14C dates (<1600 yr BP) from forams in the shallow subsurface (1.6 meters below seafloor), (2) apparent shifts in sharply distinctive grayscale boundaries seen in time-series side-scan mosaics, (3) maintenance of these sharp acoustic boundaries and development of small bedforms in an area of constant and extensive bioturbation, (4) sediment textural asymmetry indicative of selective transport across bedform topography, (5) morphological asymmetry of sand ridges and 2D dunes, and (6) current-meter data indicating that the critical threshold velocity for sediment transport is frequently exceeded. Although larger sand ridges are found along other portions of the west-central Florida inner shelf, these smaller sand ridges are best developed seaward of a major coastal headland, suggesting some genetic relationship. The headland may focus and accelerate the N–S reversing currents. An elevated rock terrace extending from the headland supports these ridges in a shallower water environment than the surrounding shelf, allowing them to be more easily influenced by currents and surface gravity waves. Tidal currents, storm-generated flows, and seasonally developed flows are shore-parallel and oriented obliquely to the NW–SE trending ridges, indicating that they have developed as described by the Huthnance model. Although inner shelf sand ridges have been extensively examined elsewhere, this study is the first to describe them in a low-energy, sediment-starved, dominantly mixed siliciclastic/carbonate sedimentary environment situated on a former limestone platform. 相似文献
9.
基于大量的悬浮体现场粒度和浓度数据,借助细颗粒悬浮体作为示踪物,分析了潮流作用下南黄海辐射沙脊群海底沉积物的再悬浮和扩散特征,并探讨了沙辐射沙脊群以北泥质区的形成机制。研究结果表明：（1）在辐射沙脊群以北,近岸悬沙在离岸方向上的扩散受到限制,向南又被辐射沙脊群中心浅滩所阻挡,只能在辐射沙脊群与废黄河口之间形成沿岸分布的高浓度浑水团。（2）辐射沙脊群以北的往复潮流对海底沉积物有分选作用,倾向于把海底沉积物中的粗颗粒分选搬运至沙脊群,把细颗粒沉积物向北输送,从而在沙脊群以北形成泥质区。（3）在正常海况下,沙脊表层沉积物再悬浮作用十分微弱,沙脊上覆水体中的悬沙主要来自于临近沟槽海底沉积物的水平扩散。 相似文献
10.
东海陆架冰后期潮流沙脊地貌与内部结构特征 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
东海陆架以宽平的地形、充分的陆源沉积物供应、快速沉降和强动力场为特征，中外陆架发育大规模潮流沙脊地貌。潮流沙脊走向大致为NW—SE向分布，与区域潮流主方向一致或成较小交角。东海陆架冰后期潮流沙脊以不对称横剖面为特征，陡坡倾向SW。沙脊内部发育典型的高角度前积斜层理，倾向与沙脊横剖面陡坡方向一致。这些斜层理可以划分为高达4组不同特征的组合，分别代表潮流沙脊发育的不同阶段，对应于冰后期海平面上升的不同时期。东海陆架潮流沙脊主体形成于冰后期海侵阶段，目前仍然受到陆架潮流场的影响，沙脊顶部为再沉积活动层。 相似文献
11.
江苏北部(下称苏北)岸外辐射沙洲形态特殊,面积广大,是我国唯一、世界罕见的沉积动力地貌特征类型区。开展该区的调査和研究对苏北海岸带开发和海洋沉积动力学理论研究都具有非常重要的意义。近年来我国学者通过大量海洋水文、泥沙、海底地形和地貌调查研究,对苏北海岸的成因和岸外沙洲的演变提出了许多新的看法(王文清等,1982)。本文通过对历史资料和1958-1993年苏北海岸带调査资料、卫星照片等的对比分析,以及利用数值模拟方法的诊断,指出水动力是苏北海岸和岸外沙洲形成和演变的主要作用力。 相似文献
12.
东海和凯尔特海潮流沙脊的对比研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
东海潮流沙脊与凯尔特海沙脊均为开阔陆架上的大型深水沙脊，它们都形成在冰后期海面上升时期。目前仍然经受现代潮流和风暴浪的作用，具有一定的活动性，处于活动沙脊和衰亡沙脊之间的发育过程，属于准活动沙脊。与东海比较，凯尔特海的动力作用更强。东海沙脊横剖面大多呈向西南方向倾斜的前积层理，偶见波浪侵蚀面，反映以潮流作用为主形成的沙脊内部结构的特点；凯尔特海沙脊剖面呈现复杂的交错层理，内部有较多的波浪侵蚀面，这是潮流和波浪共同作用形成的沙脊内部结构的特点。 相似文献
13.
东海外陆架晚第四纪若干沉积学问题的研究现状与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国东海陆架尤其外陆架的晚第四纪沉积地层、古河道沉积与下切河谷充填沉积、潮流沙脊沉积研究等已经取得较多研究成果,综述已有的研究认识和关键科学问题,讨论地层研究中的氧同位素2期和4期地层划分出现的争议、不同的地层演化模式以及与之紧密相关的末次冰盛期古河道的存在与演化、东海陆架冰后期潮流沙脊成因研究中存在的不同观点,提出未来东海外陆架晚第四纪沉积学研究的思路和工作展望。 相似文献
14.
Donald J.P. Swift 《Marine Geology》1975,18(3):105-133
In 1963, Off defined a bedform type which he described as rhythmic linear sand bodies caused by tidal currents. He figured twelve examples from around the world. Since then, the morphology and dynamics of sand transport in one of these areas, the tidal shelf seas around Great Britain, have undergone intensive study. The tidal sand ridges emerge as anomalies, in that they do not fit into the sequence of morphologic provinces which characterize the major sediment transport paths.It is suggested here that the ridge fields are analogous to the shoal-retreat massifs of the Middle Atlantic Bight in that they have been inherited from a nearshore regime during the course of the Holocene transgression. Shoal-retreat massifs are low, broad, shelf-transverse sand bodies which mark the retreat paths of coastal depocenters associated with littoral drift convergences. Two main types of shoal-retreat massifs in the Middle Atlantic Bight are: (1) estuarine shoal-retreat massifs; and (2) cape shoal-retreat massifs.Two similar classes of shoal-retreat massifs may develop in tidal shelf seas, but the mechanism is somewhat different. Class-1 tidal massifs are tidal ridge fields whose ridges were hydraulically packaged in an estuarine environment. If, upon transgression, they find themselves in a broad tidal bight which continues to funnel tidal flow, the ridges may survive for long distances out into the bight. The ridge fields of the Southern Bight of the North Sea may have undergone such an evolution.Class-2 tidal massifs occur off promontories in tidal seas that are swept by the edge waves generated by amphidromic tidal systems. Here the debris of shoreface erosion tends to be stored as shoreface-connected, tide-maintained ridges. Such ridges are also pre-adapted to survive with modification for long distances out on the associated shelf, as the water column deepens during a marine transgression. 相似文献
15.
南黄海陆架沙脊的形成与演变 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
张光威 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1991,11(2):25-35
本文在对水深较大的滨外沙脊区钻孔、柱状样岩心详细观察的基础上,综合分析已有资料,并对该区浅地震地层剖面和水下沙脊的卫片进行了解译,提出南黄海陆架沙脊最早的形成年代为距今4000年,而现代的潮流沙脊形成于距今2000年以来的最近时期,潮流沙脊是在海面稳定、强潮流发育和大量物质供给的条件下形成和发展的,潮流沙脊的沉积物主要来自黄河和淮河;现代滨外沙脊具有向西北方向迁移、纵向延伸长度不断萎缩的动态演化特征。 相似文献
16.
Liu Zhenxi S. Berne Wang Kuiyang T. Marsset Xia Dongxing Tang Yuxiang J. F. Bourillet 《海洋学报(英文版)》1998,17(2):209-231
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17.
海底沙脊地貌的研究现状及进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
综述了国内外海底沙脊地貌的研究成果、技术方法以及东中国海沙脊研究中存在的问题。弓京港辐射沙脊群成因的研究依然是国内沙脊研究的焦点;东海中北部陆架沙脊地貌形成时期(海进与海退期)、沉积类型(现代、残留及潮流沉积)、沉积动力及沉积模式等研究尚存在较多争议;古潮流场的研究尚未得到足够重视。最新多波束探测数据显示,东海中南部外陆架60 m以深海域广泛分布线状沙脊群,其规模较前人预测的更大、范围更广,与长江口外喇叭状地形区中的沙脊地貌在空间分布特征和发展趋势上均存在差异。未来若能在利用多波束探测数据的基础上,对单道地震剖面、柱状样品以及钻孔等获取的多种资料进行综合分析,将更有利于对沙脊地貌的精细结构、时空展布规律以及成因机制和演化模式的研究。 相似文献
18.
To reveal the sediment transporting mechanism between the abandoned Huanghe River(Yellow River) Delta and radial sand ridges,"End Member" Model and grain size trend analysis have been employed to separate the "dynamic populations" in the surficial sediment particle spectra and to determine the possible sediment transporting pathway.The results reveal four "dynamic subpopulations"(EM1 to EM4) and two reverse sediment transporting directions:a northward transport tend from the radial sand ridges to mud patch,and a southward transport trend in deep water area outside the mud patch.Combined with the published hydrodynamic information,the transporting mechanism of dynamic populations has been discussed,and the main conclusion is that the transporting of finer subpopulations EM1 and EM2 is controlled by the "anticlockwise residual current circulation" forming during tidal cycle,which favor a northward transporting trend and the forming of mud patch on the north of radial sand ridges,while the transporting of coarser EM3 is mainly controlled by wind driven drift in winter,which favors a southward transporting direction. 相似文献
19.
Erosional shelf ridges in the mid-eastern Yellow Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the mid-eastern Yellow Sea, closely spaced high-resolution seismic profiles and a 44-m-long sediment core (YSDP-104) were analyzed to reveal the internal structures and stratigraphy of the shelf ridges currently shaped by tidal currents. Three depositional sequences (sequences I, II and III in descending order) can be recognized. Sequence III, the substratum of the ridges, consists of coarse-grained sediments in the lower part (non-marine deposits) and tide-influenced muddy sediments in the upper part (probable transgressive to highstand systems tract). Sequence II represents internal ridge sediments, similar in character to sequence III, but is demarcated by an undulatory ridge topography. According to radiocarbon dating of marine muds, these sequences range in age from 47,000 to 28,000 years B.P., representing two cycles of short-term sea-level fluctuations during oxygen isotope stage 3. Sequence I consists mostly of late-Holocene transgressive sand veneer on the ridge surface. It also includes minor amounts of early-Holocene muddy sediments occasionally underlying the sand. Most of the ridges are presently undergoing erosion by tidal currents, forming widespread sand dunes on the entire surface. 相似文献
20.
In the mid-eastern Yellow Sea, closely spaced high-resolution seismic profiles and a 44-m-long sediment core (YSDP-104) were analyzed to reveal the internal structures and stratigraphy of the shelf ridges currently shaped by tidal currents. Three depositional sequences (sequences I, II and III in descending order) can be recognized. Sequence III, the substratum of the ridges, consists of coarse-grained sediments in the lower part (non-marine deposits) and tide-influenced muddy sediments in the upper part (probable transgressive to highstand systems tract). Sequence II represents internal ridge sediments, similar in character to sequence III, but is demarcated by an undulatory ridge topography. According to radiocarbon dating of marine muds, these sequences range in age from 47,000 to 28,000 years B.P., representing two cycles of short-term sea-level fluctuations during oxygen isotope stage 3. Sequence I consists mostly of late-Holocene transgressive sand veneer on the ridge surface. It also includes minor amounts of early-Holocene muddy sediments occasionally underlying the sand. Most of the ridges are presently undergoing erosion by tidal currents, forming widespread sand dunes on the entire surface. 相似文献