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仪征捺山坐落在长江北岸,扬州西郊15km处,是1000万年前古火山遗址,为一孤立的盾形火山地貌,海拔143.9m,出露面积约1km2,地质时代属新近纪中新统,包括石柱林、火山爆发相、溢流相,以及伴生的河流相沉积与硅化木、哺乳动物化石等典型的地质现象,地学内涵十分丰富。其中石柱林外观 相似文献
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江苏六合桂子山石柱林在南京市六合县城以北约１５ｋｍ的桂子山北，高达２０余米的崖壁由一根根粗细相似、坚密排列的黑色石柱组成。气势宏伟，巍峨壮观，人称＂桂子山石柱林＂，是处有待开发的旅游景点。这片石柱林其实是一种玄武岩柱状节理，它的成因是火山喷出的岩浆在... 相似文献
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江苏新生代盱眙一六合火山岩带的六合火山岩群之中,已经发现桂子山、瓜埠山、乌山、捺山等多处火山通道形成的“石柱林”,其中桂子山已建成国家地质公园。这些石柱由含橄榄岩等包裹体的玄武岩组成。石头呈灰绿至墨绿色,石柱是玄武岩浆冷凝时形成的柱状节理。 相似文献
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大兴安岭北部上护林盆地恩和大岭火山机构主要由白音高老组酸性熔岩、火山碎屑岩、次火山岩及火山-沉积岩组成。实测剖面显示,该火山机构由侵出相、溢流相、爆发相、次火山岩相及火山沉积相构成,不同岩性、岩相围绕火山口大致呈对称分布,产状外倾,为中心式喷发的穹状火山。溢流相的流纹岩和次火山岩相的正长斑岩锆石U-Pb测年结果分别为(115.3±2.3)Ma和(114.3±1.6)Ma,表明恩和大岭火山机构形成于早白垩世晚期。该火山机构为一次简单的火山喷发旋回一个喷发期次,大致的火山活动过程可分为四个阶段,第一阶段为早期岩浆溢流阶段,形成溢流相流纹岩夹少量流纹质角砾凝灰岩;第二阶段为晚期火山爆发阶段,产生大量的爆发相火山碎屑岩;第三阶段为岩浆侵入阶段,分别形成侵出相松脂岩、次火山岩相正长斑岩等;第四阶段为火山活动的间歇阶段,形成火山沉积相火山-沉积岩。 相似文献
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通过1:50000区域地质调查，运用"火山构造-岩性岩相-火山地层"三重填图方法，将内蒙古东乌旗高尧乌拉白音高老组划分为3个岩性段，一段为火山碎屑沉积岩，二段为中性火山岩，三段为酸性火山岩，构成一个完整的沉积-喷发旋回。早期至晚期岩浆具有由中性向酸性演化的特征。划分出爆发相、侵出相、溢流相、火山通道相、喷发-沉积相及潜火山相等火山岩相；圈出12个Ⅴ级火山机构。获得高尧乌拉白音高老组二段粗安岩和三段流纹岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为128.2±0.9 Ma和125.5±0.5 Ma，表明其形成时代为早白垩世。 相似文献
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古岩溶风化壳和岩溶构造与生态环境资源和地球演化关系密切，对深成的古岩溶构造系统识别属关键科学问题和技术难题。在滇黔桂地区地表水岩溶作用形成了山顶侵蚀面、岩溶侵蚀相系和砖红壤岩溶风化壳；地下水岩溶作用形成了垂向岩溶构造相带、缓倾斜的侧向岩溶构造相带、隐伏岩溶相带及隐伏岩溶前锋面，它们为表生岩溶构造的物质组成。进行大比例尺构造岩相学填图和解析研究认为云南个旧表生岩溶构造系统具有“顶面红土型岩溶风化壳、上部垂向岩溶构造带、中部缓倾斜的侧向岩溶构造带、底部不透水层（花岗岩和变海相火山岩顶面）”4个构造岩相学垂向分带模型，它们继承了先存多期次岩溶作用和岩浆热液岩溶作用。这种垂向分带模式有助于重建深成的古岩溶不整合构造系统。深成的古岩溶不整合构造系统由古气成热水、古火山热水、古火山喷发-岩浆侵位有关的复合热液岩溶作用等叠加在先存岩溶构造系统上形成，发育上覆岩性封闭层，经历了埋藏成岩、热液叠加成岩和层间滑脱构造叠加改造等，具有显著多期次的热流体叠加改造和再造作用。深成古岩溶不整合构造系统属重要油气储层、（非）金属矿产的储集层。对云南个旧地区中—新生代岩溶构造系统、新疆乌拉根地区古近纪热水岩溶不整合构造系统、贵州大厂地区二叠纪火山热水岩溶不整合构造系统、云南东川地区小溜口岩组（Ar3-Pt1x）顶面火山喷发-岩浆侵入有关的元古宙复合热液岩溶构造系统进行解析研究，揭示4类深成的古岩溶不整合构造系统物质组成和形成机制，认为深成的古岩溶不整合构造系统内关键战略矿产成矿潜力巨大。 相似文献
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火山岩顶、底地层中的微古化石组合研究表明:塔河油田火山岩的形成时代为二叠纪。岩石学、岩相学、地球物理测井与地震学综合研究结果显示,火山岩主要为英安岩和玄武岩。存在两次火山喷发旋回,形成下部玄武岩、上部英安岩或单一英安岩的垂向火山喷发序列。玄武岩呈带状分布于研究区西部和南部古地貌低洼区,以上平下凸的透镜状河谷充填式地震反射为特点;英安岩分布于北部及东北部地区,以下平上凸的丘形反射形态为特征。可划分出火山爆发相、火山溢流相和火山沉积相3个岩相带。火山爆发相位于火山喷发中心地带,研究区以火山熔岩溢流相为主,火山沉积相布范围局限,位于岩体边缘。火山活动具有喷发频率低、间隔时间短、以宁静的溢流式喷发为主间或伴随较强烈的爆发式喷发为特点。火山活动喷发中心可能是由西南逐渐向东北方向迁移的。 相似文献
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通过581.64km的路线地质调查和对20.16km的实测剖面的研究,将辽西阜新地区义县组自下而上划分为喷发旋回Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ;每个喷发旋回的下部为火山碎屑岩组成的爆发相、中上部为熔岩组成的溢流相;熔岩类型主要是玄武岩、玄武安山岩、安山岩及部分英安岩、流纹岩、珍珠岩、黑曜岩、粗安岩;各喷发旋回内部及不同喷发旋回中,具有熔岩的酸性或碱性程度向上逐渐增强的总体变化规律。义县组在紫都台—七家子地区较老河土—十家子、后新秋—苇子沟地区的火山碎屑岩的总厚度偏大,而玄武岩的发育厚度偏小,且老河土—十家子地区缺乏喷发旋回Ⅴ等,空间分布有差异性。 相似文献
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The Ilchulbong tuff cone, Cheju Island, South Korea 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The Ilchulbong mount of Cheju Island, South Korea, is an emergent tuff cone of middle Pleistocene age formed by eruption of a vesiculating basaltic magma into shallow seawater. A sedimentological study reveals that the cone sequence can be represented by nine sedimentary facies that are grouped into four facies associations. Facies association I represents steep strata near the crater rim composed mostly of crudely and evenly bedded lapilli tuff and minor inversely graded lapilli tuff. These facies suggest fall-out from tephra finger jets and occasional grain flows, respectively. Facies association II represents flank or base-of-slope deposits composed of lenticular and hummocky beds of massive or backset-stacked deposits intercalated between crudely to thinly stratified lapilli tuffs. They suggest occasional resedimentation of tephra by debris flows and slides during the eruption. Facies association III comprises thin, gently dipping marginal strata, composed of thinly stratified lapilli tuff and tuff. This association results from pyroclastic surges and cosurge falls associated with occasional large-scale jets. Facies association IV comprises a reworked sequence of massive, inversely graded and cross-bedded (gravelly) sandstones. These facies represent post-eruptive reworking of tephra by debris and stream flows. The facies associations suggest that the Ilchulbong tuff cone grew by an alternation of vertical and lateral accumulation. The vertical buildup was accomplished by plastering of wet tephra finger jets. This resulted in oversteepening and periodic failure of the deposits, in which resedimentation contributed to the lateral growth. After the eruption ceased, the cone underwent subaerial erosion and faulting of intracrater deposits. A volcaniclastic apron accumulated with erosion of the original tuff cone; the faulting was caused by subsidence of the subvolcanic basement within the crater. 相似文献
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松辽盆地白垩系营城组古火山机构特征 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
在系统总结Hawaiian等7种喷发方式、互层状火山等3种火山机构的岩性岩相和垂向序列特征与识别标志基础上,通过剖面火山机构剖析及其与盆内埋藏火山机构对比,总结出营城组2类古火山机构特征。营城组玄武岩火山机构自下而上为枕状、渣状集块熔岩（占总厚度30%）,气孔杏仁和致密块状熔岩（70%）,喷溢相为主,火山口附近隐爆角砾岩发育,为夏威夷式喷发。火山机构厚度以200~500 m居多,顶面盾状,相对高差100~250 m,以坡角小于10°为特征,属于盾状火山。营城组流纹岩火山机构的纵向序列300~700 m,内部结构呈现上中下三段式：下部火山碎屑（熔）岩为主（30%）,爆发相为主,以基浪（base surge）沉积为标志,喷发方式主要表现为高粘度岩浆强烈气射作用的培雷式喷发;中部主要为气孔、石泡和流纹构造流纹岩（60%）,构成火山机构的主体,喷溢相为主,火山口附近常见侵出相珍珠岩穹隆,喷发类型接近于斯通博利式;上部主要为细粒（层）凝灰岩（火山灰湖相沉积,10%）,爆发相为主,以普林尼式喷发为主。流纹岩火山机构顶面呈丘状,相对高差200~300 m,以坡角多大于15°为特征,属于互层状火山。 相似文献
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本文研究了出露于松辽盆地中南部边缘的火山岩地层,结合盆地内钻井资料确定了盆地边缘火山岩岩性、岩相和火山岩组合特征,并分析其空间分布规律和喷发作用。研究表明: 松辽盆地中南缘主要发育酸性火山岩,少量基性玄武岩和安山玄武岩、玄武安山岩; 火山岩相的喷发方式主要以爆发相、喷溢相、侵出相为主; 火山岩发育的储集空间类型主要有原生孔隙、次生孔隙和裂缝; 喷溢相上部亚相、中部亚相、爆发相热碎屑流亚相和火山通道相可以成为较好的油气储层。 相似文献
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Garnet-bearing Granulite Facies Rock Xenoliths from Late Mesozoic Volcaniclastic Breccia, Xinyang, Henan Province 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
ZHENG Jianping SUN Min LU Fengxiang WANG Chunyangand ZHONG Zengqiu Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Department of Earth Sciences The University of Hong Kong China 《《地质学报》英文版》2001,75(4):445-451
This paper presents the primary results of petrologic, mineralogical and petrochemical studies of garnet-bearing granulite facies rock xenoliths from Xinyang, Henan Province. These xenoliths, which are found in a pipe of late Mesozoic volcaniclastic breccia, are of high density (3.13-3.30 g/cm3) and high seismic velocity (Vp = 7.04-7.31 km/s), being products of underplating of basaltic magmas and had experienced granulite facies metamorphism. The underplating and metamorphism took place before the eruption of the host rock. Petrographical studies and equilibrium T-P calculations show that these xenoliths were captured at a 49 km depth and experienced at least a 16 km uplift before they were captured. The dynamics of the uplift could be related to the continent-continent collision between the North China plate and the Yangtze plate during the Triassic. 相似文献
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The lower part of the Jangki Group (Miocene), SE Korea consists of pyroclastic mass-flow-dominated facies and epiclastic stream-flow-dominated facies which reflect sedimentation during syn- and intereruption periods, respectively. On the basis of pyroclastic composition, sedimentary structures and bed geometry, they are organized into two facies associations: (1) dacitic and basaltic debris-flow and hyperconcentrated-flood-flow deposits of eruption periods, and (2) epiclastic stream-flow and interchannel deposits of intereruption periods. The lateral relationship between the syn- and intereruption deposits varies significantly over short distances (2 km). In the western part of the study area, syneruption deposits are predominant, and fluvial deposits occur as small-scale channel-fill gravelstone bodies encased within dacitic debris flow deposits. In the eastern part, however, intereruption deposits are dominated with thick sequences of interbedded channel and interchannel deposits. The abrupt lateral change indicates alternation of epiclastic axial fluvial system with pyroclastic-rich volcaniclastic aprons. The syneruption deposits are enriched in vitric ash but lack contemporary volcanic rock fragments (dacitic or basaltic). They are sharply differentiated from intereruption deposits that mostly consist of epiclasts and are deficient in vitric ash. The vertical transition suggests that streams drained a hinterland of igneous basement rocks during intereruption periods and became bulked with pyroclasts during syneruption periods. 相似文献
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The sequence of eruption, spatial pattern, and spatio-temporal relationships among the Neogene-Quaternary rhyolitic and basaltic lava along the Snake River Plain (SRP) in Idaho are analyzed applying the spatial methods of global and local Moran’s I, standard deviational ellipse, and Ripley’s K-function. The results of the analyses by the Moran’s I and K-function methods indicate a higher spatial autocorrelation, hence clustering, of rhyolitic lava compared to the more dispersed basaltic lava in each center of eruption along the SRP. The clustered nature of rhyolitic lava around each caldera either reflects the original spread and large thickness of the rhyolitic lava, or the absence of younger cover strata or lava like the distribution of rhyolite in the present caldera at the Yellowstone National Park. The standard deviational ellipses (SDEs) of the lavas indicate that younger basaltic lava that erupted from newer calderas overlapped older rhyolitic and basaltic lava as the position of the Yellowstone hotspot progressively migrated to the northeast along the SRP. The less eccentric SDEs of rhyolitic lava in each caldera probably reflect the original caldera-scale spread of viscous felsic lava, compared to the more eccentric and larger SDEs of basaltic lava which represent basalt’s wider and more directed spread due to its higher fluidity and ability to flow longer distances along the trend of the SRP. The alignment of the long axes of the lava SDEs with the trend of the Eastern SRP and the trend of systematic spatial overlap of older lava by successively younger basaltic lava corroborate the previously reported migration of the centers of eruption along the ESRP as the Yellowstone hotspot migrated to the northeast. 相似文献
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Vyacheslav M. Zobin Abdullah M. Al-Amri Mohammed Fnais 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(2):529-541
During April–June 2009, a swarm of more than 30,000 earthquakes struck the Harrat Lunayyir, situated in the north-western end of the Saudi Arabian Harraat, east of the Red Sea. This sharp increase in the seismic activity in the region of ancient basaltic volcanic centers indicated a likelihood of a future eruption. To check the situation, a short review of the best-documented seismic activity associated with active, new-born, and re-awakening basaltic volcanoes is presented in this article. Basing on the review, some regularity in the development of seismic activity associated with basaltic eruptions was formulated. Three stages in the development of seismic activity were identified: preliminary, preceding, and continuous. The duration of preceding stage varies from a few hours for active and re-awakened volcanoes to some weeks for new-born volcanoes and may serve as a criterion for discriminations of different types of basaltic eruptions. The duration of the seismic activity during the 2009 episode at Harrat Lunayyir was longer than any activity preceding the basaltic eruptions of different types. Therefore, the most probable scenario is the arrest of sub-surface intrusion without any eruption in the region of Harrat Lunayyir. The next probable scenario would be the dike injections along the rift zones. The re-awakening of the old Harrat Lunayyir volcano or the birth of a new volcano at Harrat Lunayyir is less probable. 相似文献