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1.
作为一种长距离、分布式、实时监测的新型光纤传感技术, 分布式声波传感技术自问世以来便受到了广泛关注。近年来, 研究者们围绕DAS技术展开了大量探索性试验, 并在大地探测领域取得了重要进展。从DAS工作原理出发, 阐述了DAS的基本概念, 对比了地震仪和DAS仪器的性能; 之后通过回顾数个具有代表性的试验, 详细介绍了DAS在油气勘探、天然地震观测、结构成像等大地探测领域的应用进展, 最后总结了基于DAS的大地探测技术体系当前存在的瓶颈, 分析了该技术体系今后的发展趋势。   相似文献   

2.
Slope failure due to improper excavation is one of common engineering disasters in China. To explore the failure mechanism of soil slope induced by toe excavation, especially to investigate the influence of excavation unloading path and rate on slope stability, a numerical slope model was built via particle flow code PFC2 D. The development of crack and strain during excavation were obtained and used to evaluate the deformation characteristics.Furthermore, excavation types representing different unloading paths and rates were compared in terms of crack number and strain level. Results indicate that crack number and strain level induced by horizontal column excavation are much greater than those of vertical column excavation and oblique excavation.The crack number and strain level increase with excavation unloading rate. Besides, the feasibility of taking the average strain of slope surface and the average value of maximum strain along monitoring lines to represent the global deformation characteristics were discussed. This study can provide a theoretical guidance for slope monitoring and preliminary optimal selection of excavation scheme in the design and construction of slope engineering.  相似文献   

3.
Centrifugal model tests are playing an increasingly important role in investigating slope characteristics under rainfall conditions. However, conventional electronic transducers usually fail during centrifugal model tests because of the impacts of limited test space, high centrifugal force, and presence of water, with the result that limited valid data is obtained. In this study, Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensing technology is employed in the design and development of displacement gauge, an anchor force gauge and an anti-slide pile moment gauge for use on centrifugal model slopes with and without a retaining structure. The two model slopes were installed and monitored at a centrifugal acceleration of 100 g. The test results show that the sensors developed succeed in capturing the deformation and retaining structure mechanical response of the model slopes during and after rainfall. The deformation curve for the slope without retaining structure shows a steep response that turns gradual for the slope with retaining structure. Importantly, for the slope with the retaining structure, results suggest that more attention be paid to increase of anchor force and anti-slide pile moment during rainfall. This study verifies the effectiveness of FBG sensing technology in centrifuge research and presents a new and innovative method for slope model testing under rainfall conditions.  相似文献   

4.
为了研究川西凹陷地区中更新统冰水沉积滑坡的变形破坏机制和稳定性, 以G5京昆高速成雅段K1887+350滑坡为例, 通过工程地质勘察和物理力学试验, 运用综合监测技术, 以滑坡的实际变形量为基础, 分析了滑坡变形破坏机制, 研究加固处治前后的滑坡稳定性。结果表明: 不利的地质结构、前缘临空及降水诱发是K1887+350滑坡变形破坏失稳的主要原因, 中更新统冰水沉积层细粒土的膨胀性进一步降低了土体抗剪性质, 地表水长期渗润最终导致冰水沉积物浅表发生蠕动-拉裂变形; 地表裂缝监测是判断山体变形趋势、分析滑坡稳定性的有效途径。   相似文献   

5.
Rainfall infiltration on a soil slope is usually an unsaturated seepage process that can be described by a water-air two-phase flow model. The effect of pore air pressure on rainfall infiltration has been widely recognized and validated by means of numerical simulations and laboratory experiments. However, whether a slope can actually seal pore air continues to be debated by researchers. In this study, a water-air two-phase flow model is used to simulate the rainfall infiltration process on a soil slope, and a field experiment is conducted to realistically test the sealing conditions of a slope. According to the numerical simulation, the areas of water and air flow in and out on the slope surface are relatively stable and can be classified as the "inhalation zone" and "overflow zone", respectively. Intermittent rainfall on the soil slope has an amplifying effect on pore air pressure because rainfall intensity is usually at the millimeter level, and it causes pore air pressure to reach the cm level. A field experiment was performed to determine whether a slope can realistically seal pore air and subsequently verify the regularity of rainfall infiltration. Air pressure sensors were buried in the slope to monitor the pore air pressures during the rainfall process. The monitoring results show that the pore air pressure in the slope changed, which indicates that the slope can seal air. Moreover, the amplification effects of intermittent rainfall on pore air pressure were observed for natural rainfall, which agrees well with the numerical simulation results.  相似文献   

6.
随着遥感数据网、传感网、物联网和人工智能的发展,逐渐形成空天地海立体化、集成化和一体化的地理空间传感网。地理空间传感网感知资源呈现出多源、异构和分散的特征,面向多层次用户个性化、即时化和智能化应用需求,存在异构资源共享管理、多协议实时接入、时空无缝感知、自动化感知和精准预测等技术挑战。静态地理信息服务由于无法提供鲜活的地理信息,难以满足地理事件的综合监测、决策预警和聚焦应用需求,急需发展地理空间传感网融合服务技术和实时动态地理信息服务平台。本文围绕信息物理网环境下空天地海观测平台的观测高效共享和融合服务问题,提出了传感网观测共享信息模型和点面观测协同无缝重建模型,突破了观测在线接入、集成管理、星地融合、时空预测和聚焦服务等地理空间传感网融合服务关键技术,研制了包含“感—联—知—控”等功能的传感网时空信息网络感知服务系统GeoSensor,介绍了GeoSensor在流域、海洋和城市等典型应用。未来将进一步发展“人—水—城”智能感知认知理论,突破“空天地海人”群智感知、空间智能和认知服务技术,开展长江经济带应用。  相似文献   

7.
土壤侵蚀遥感调查技术应用的若干问题   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
应用地球信息科学融合技术进行土壤侵蚀快速调查 ,是将高新技术应用于生产实践的有益尝试 ,这是地球信息科学融合技术在水土保持中应用研究的前沿。本文在总结历次遥感侵蚀调查经验的基础上 ,针对第三次土壤侵蚀遥感调查中存在的有关技术问题 ,如信息源、土地利用定性参考层及技术路线中存在的问题等进行了分析 ,并提出合理化建议。  相似文献   

8.
藏北地区三种时序NDVI重建方法与应用分析   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
遥感植被指数时间序列数据集,已广泛应用于陆地生态环境变化监测与模拟、植被覆盖动态变化分析、植被物候特征识别与信息提取等多方面的研究.但其因受遥感器采集与传输过程、大气条件、地面状况等诸多因素的影响,时序NDVI数据包含各种噪声,因此研究者们发展了一系列时间序列曲线重建方法.本文对近年来提出或改进的重建算法原理、优缺点进...  相似文献   

9.
Slope reinforcement for housing in Three Gorges reservoir area   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
The Three Gorges Project of the Yangtze River is the largest hydropower-complex project under construction in the world. Under the largescale relocation projects, 2874 engineered slopes are formed along with the construction of new towns. In this paper, the cutting slopes are mainly soil slopes and rock slopes. Soil slopes include residual soil slopes, colluvial accumulation slopes, swelling soil slopes, and artificial earth fill slopes, etc. Rock slopes include blocky structure rock slopes, layer structure rock slopes, and clastic structure rock slopes, etc. Varied protection measures have been used for slope protection in the reservoir area including shotcrete concrete-anchor bars, frame beams, retaining walls, slope stabilizing piles, sheet-pile walls, anchorage anti-shear tunnels, flexible protection grids, and drainage, etc. Besides, slope deformation monitoring systems have been set up to monitor deformation failure and the stability state of slopes. The protection measures have guaranteed slope safety and maintained a harmony with the urban environment and surrounding landscape.  相似文献   

10.
基于随机森林的遥感干旱监测模型的构建   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用遥感数据进行大面积旱情监测是现有干旱监测的重要方法之一,然而传统的遥感干旱监测方法主要侧重于对土壤湿度或植被状况等单一干旱响应因子进行监测,对综合多因子的干旱监测研究较为有限。随机森林是一种机器学习方法,具有学习过程快速、运算速度快、稳定性好、预测精度高的优点,近年来被应用于生态环境等多个领域。本文利用2001-2010年4-9月的MODIS数据提取的植被状态指数(VCI)、温度状态指数(TCI)和土地覆盖类型(LC),TRMM降水资料计算的TRMM-Z指数及SRTM-DEM、土壤有效含水量(AWC)等多个遥感及土壤资料提取的干旱因子为自变量,以气象站点的综合气象干旱指数(CI)为因变量,利用随机森林模型构建遥感干旱监测模型,并以河南省为研究区进行了评价和分析。该模型在2009-2010年的监测值和实测CI值的具有显著的相关性,并且二者干旱等级的一致率为81%。在2001-2010年4-9月间,模型监测值与气象站点的标准降水蒸散发指数(SPEI)总体干旱等级一致率为74.9%,较为一致,其中9月的模型结果与SPEI的干旱等级一致率最高,达到82.4%,空评估率和漏评估率最低;与10 cm土壤相对湿度的相关系数在0.475-0.639之间,达到极显著水平。河南省2011年4-6月干旱事件同样验证了本文构建的模型旱情监测结果,说明本模型能较好地就应用于监测区域旱情监测。  相似文献   

11.
宏观生态环境遥感监测系统总体设计与关键技术   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
宏观生态环境遥感监测系统是基于环境遥感监测应用技术的软件实现.本文重点介绍了宏观生态环境遥感监测系统的总体结构设计、业务流程设计和核心功能设计,以及模型转换与实现技术、实时投影转换技术与以文件和数据库相结合的数据管理技术、基于XML的数据实时交换技术、产品自动化生产技术等关键技术,并给出了系统的应用实例.系统应用结果表...  相似文献   

12.
随着遥感技术的快速发展,各行业对遥感监测依赖性越来越大,遥感影像自动解译研究越发重要。在浙江省第一次全国地理国情普查的地表覆盖提取中,明确要求采用先自动解译,后人工修正的作业方式。本文以浙江省第一次地理国情普查工作为例,通过研究工程化自动解译工作特点,提出针对性的作业模式,设计和开发了相应的自动解译平台。实践证明,在国普工作中,采用此平台可提高自动解译工作效率。此平台也是浙江省地理国情监测一体化生产作业平台的重要组成部分,可为常态化地理国情监测的地表覆盖动态更新提供服务。  相似文献   

13.
作物胁迫无人机遥感监测研究评述   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
作物胁迫是全球农业发展的一个重要制约因素,实现快速、大范围、实时的作物胁迫监测对于农业生产具有重要意义。传统的作物胁迫监测方式,如田间调查、理化检测和卫星遥感监测总是受到各种田间条件或大气条件的制约。随着无人机和各种轻量化传感器的快速发展,其凭借高频、迅捷等优势为各种作物胁迫监测提供了一套全新的解决方案。本文在介绍了目前主流的多种无人机和传感器的基础上,首先对目前无人机遥感用于作物监测的主要胁迫类型进行了梳理,然后重点阐述了基于光谱成像和热红外传感器进行作物胁迫无人机遥感监测的应用和技术方法,最后提出了作物胁迫无人机遥感监测尚需解决的关键问题,并展望了未来无人机遥感用于作物胁迫监测的前景。  相似文献   

14.
Assessing and managing the spatial variability of hydropedological properties are important in environmental,agricultural,and geological sciences.The spatial variability of soil apparent electrical conductivity(ECa) measured by electromagnetic induction(EMI) techniques has been widely used to infer the spatial variability of hydrological and pedological properties.In this study,temporal stability analysis was conducted for measuring repeatedly soil ECa in an agricultural landscape in 2008.Such temporal stability was statistically compared with the soil moisture,terrain indices(slope,topographic wetness index(TWI),and profile curvature),and soil properties(particle size distribution,depth to bedrock,Mn mottle content,and soil type).Locations with great and temporally unstable soil ECa were also associated with great and unstable soil moisture,respectively.Soil ECa were greater and more unstable in the areas with great TWI(TWI 〉 8),gentle and concave slope(slope 〈 3%; profile curvature 〉 0.2).Soil ECa exponentially increased with depth to bedrock,and soil profile silt and Mn mottle contents(R2= 0.57),quadratically(R2 = 0.47),and linearly(R 2 = 0.47),respectively.Soil ECa was greater and more unstable in Gleysol and Nitosol soils,which were distributed in areas with low elevation(〈 380 m),thick soil solum(〉 3 m),and fluctuated water table(shallow in winter and spring but deep in summer and fall).In contrast,Acrisol,Luvisol,and Cambisol soils,which are distributed in the upper slope areas,had lower and more stable soil ECa.Through these observations,we concluded that the temporal stability of soil ECa can be used to interpret the spatial and temporal variability of these hydropedological properties.  相似文献   

15.
水库滑坡变形破坏受其岩土体蠕变特性及环境因素的影响。当滑坡进入加速变形阶段后,变形骤然增大,失稳概率增加。为了研究滑坡岩土体蠕变特性及其稳定性,选取锦屏一级水电站呷爬滑坡为研究对象,采用坡表位移监测曲线分析与室内三轴蠕变试验相结合的方法,建立了Burgers蠕变模型结合FLAC3D软件进行了滑坡稳定性研究。分析坡表位移-时间曲线发现,坡体变形特征与一般滑坡土体的蠕变特征具有相似性,滑带土室内三轴蠕变试验结果表明,滑带土变形可划分为瞬时蠕变、减速蠕变与稳定蠕变3个阶段,同时其瞬时变形量、稳定蠕变速率均随围压以及应力水平的增大而增大。基于滑带土蠕变特性的Burgers蠕变模型的计算结果,对比了常规强度折减法与考虑蠕变的强度折减法的滑坡稳定性系数,计算结果表明呷爬滑坡目前处于稳定状态,在一个计算周期内考虑蠕变的强度折减法较常规强度折减法的稳定性系数下降了0.04,因此,揭示滑坡土体蠕变特性并在此基础上研究其稳定性具有实际意义。   相似文献   

16.
为预防和管控城市突发地质灾害造成的人民生命和财产损失, 国家针对城市地质灾害易发地区部署了大量的各类传感器, 用来感知和监测城市边坡等地质体的变化情况, 以支持对地质灾害的预警。从边坡监测数据特点和时序数据分析技术出发, 针对监测数据噪声混杂、模式分析困难、预警阈值的不确定性等问题, 给出了一种基于多传感器信息融合的边坡监测数据异常事件检测方法。主要工作包括: ①边坡监测数据变化模式可以归结为周期项、趋势项以及噪声项的叠加, 实践中在预处理基础上对边坡监测数据进行周期为24 h的重采样, 同时趋势项可以近似看作是经典的牛顿运动, 以此构建形变运动模型, 为卡尔曼滤波的状态转移提供理论支持; ②采用集中式衰减记忆卡尔曼滤波, 引入衰减记忆因子, 对多传感器边坡监测数据进行特征级融合, 降低了噪声的影响, 提高了边坡监测数据的可靠性; ③引入惩罚系数, 应用改进的动态时间弯曲算法对于周期序列数据进行相似性度量。在此基础上基于K-means聚类和局部异常因子分析对边坡监测数据进行异常检测, 并基于3σ准则确定预警阈值。该方法能将正常模式和异常模式的时序数据进行区分, 有效检测出边坡监测数据的异常, 为灾害预防提供支持。最后以深圳市典型边坡监测数据为例验证了此方法的可行性。   相似文献   

17.
基于神经网络模型的干旱区绿洲土壤盐渍化评价分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
土壤盐渍化严重制约了农业可持续发展和生态安全,土壤盐渍化的精确评价分析,对土壤盐渍化的改善和治理具有重要的意义。本文以新疆焉耆盆地为研究对象,Landsat8 OLI遥感影像和实测采样数据相结合,提取地下水埋深(GD)、盐分指数(SI)、地表蒸散量(SET)和改进型温度植被干旱指数(MTVDI)建立了土壤盐渍化评价模型。结果表明:①结合野外实测土壤盐分数据,对BP神经网络模型进行训练。最终以最优的4-4-1结构的3层BP神经网模型对研究区土壤盐渍化进行了预测(R2=0.864,RMSE=0.569)。相比传统多元线性回归模型(R2=0.741,RMSE=0.767),神经网络模型对土壤盐渍化的预测精度更高;②土壤盐渍化分布与GD、SI、SET和MTVDI等存在较强的关联性,不同等级的土壤盐渍化是不同影响因素不同程度上组合而引起的结果,盐渍化土地主要分布在地下水位较低以及土地开垦之后没有利用的荒地区域;③整个研究区大部分区域受到不同程度的盐渍化影响,耕地退化为盐渍地导致该区域土壤盐渍化以及土壤次生盐渍化进一步加剧。  相似文献   

18.
济南市章丘区垛庄镇北明村东崩塌地质灾害点高差大、跨度长、危害对象多,于2021年7月发生过几次局部崩塌,造成多户房屋受损,给人民的生命财产安全造成了严重的危害。本文从崩塌发育现状着手,通过现场调查、岩土工程钻探、坑探揭露等手段对崩塌体特征进行了分析,从边坡岩土体特征内在条件和降雨、植物根劈等外在因素综合研究了地质灾害形成机理。按照Bishop法圆弧稳定分析,计算边坡稳定系数Fs=0.998<1.0,边坡属欠稳定状态。探讨了避让搬迁、工程治理、群测群防、自动监测等几种地质灾害防治对策,以期为类似地质灾害的治理提供参考。  相似文献   

19.
比较了不同卫星遥感影像的海洋监测优劣,分析了MOD IS数据海洋监测能力评估的可行性,并阐述评估了技术方法和流程。以渤海为例,依据MOD35源数据,通过数据预处理、典型区选取,统计分析影像覆盖率及云覆盖面积百分率,表明了对渤海常规、季节性,以及应急等诸种海区要素监测的不同效果,弥补了以往类似工作的迟后性。  相似文献   

20.
新型遥感技术数据的铀资源勘查应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
一系列对地观测遥感卫星成功发射,新型传感器相继问世,不断增添具有更高空间分辨率、光谱分辨率和更多极化方式的新型遥感数据源。这些数据源正以传统遥感数据源不具有的优势在国民经济各领域应用,取得了许多良好的应用效果。本文从新型多光谱遥感、高空间分辨率遥感、高光谱遥感、雷达遥感等四个方面介绍了新型遥感数据在铀资源勘查中的应用研究及效果。  相似文献   

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