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声波在岩石材料中传播时会发生差异衰减现象.由于岩石强度、完整性不同,造成其频率响应不同,声波通过不同强度的岩石时,对不同频率的声波信号滤除状况也就有所不同.通过力学强度高的岩石时,声波基本能够保持其原有频率成分,相反,当通过低强度岩石时,高频分量会迅速衰减而缺失,主要保留低频分量.通过实例研究,分析了声谱衰减特征与岩样矿物组成、密度及结构完整性的关系,验证了声谱衰减特征与岩体强度具有很好相关性的结论.通过分析研究声波信号在不同岩体中传播的衰减变化,指出声波衰减在一定程度上能够反映出岩体的风化程度、破碎状态、强度及各向异性等特征.可以发展成为岩体工程地质勘测、试验和施工中的常规实验方法. 相似文献
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Biot流动和喷射流动是含流体多孔隙介质中流体流动的两种重要力学机制. 近年来,利用同时处理这两种力学机制的BISQ(Biot-Squirt)模型,弹性波衰减和频散的问题已被广泛研究;然而基于BISQ方程的波场数值模拟尚未见到公开的报道.本文从BISQ方程出发,利用交错网格方法对横向各向同性孔隙介质中不同频率和相界情况,以及双层介质中的弹性波传播进行数值模拟,研究了在同时考虑两种流动机制作用情况下地震波和声波的传播特性及传播过程中出现的各种波动现象. 相似文献
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分析了采用细胞自动机研究波动问题的建模方法,针对一维、均匀、各向同性固体介质中弹性纵波的微观机制,借用一经典弹簧振子模型、细胞自动机格子气模型,以及量子力学中的无限深势阱模型,建立了一个细胞自动机有限深势阱模型,从量子力学角度出发,基于介观物理和纳米概念,以微观精子的德布罗意假设为基础,利用薛定谔方程,讨论了该模型中粒子(分子组)的振动速度与粒子物质波波速之间的联系,给出了模型中的波动方程,得出ζ=Vp(ζ为粒子振动速度,Vp为物质波纵波波速)。同时还讨论了模型中粒子的大小和能量传递问题,引入引力场,得出了能量及引力势的量子化条件,另外,对声波速度、格子气粒子振动速度和本文模型中分子组振动速度进行了比较;还对本文模型中的粒子能量分布作了分析。 相似文献
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Biot流动和喷射流动是含流体多孔隙介质中流体流动的两种重要力学机制,对地震波和声波的传播均产生重要影响. Dvorkin和Nur提出了同时包含Biot流动和喷射流动力学机制的统一的BISQ(Biot-Squirt)模型,基于这一模型,尽管有关弹性波在多孔隙介质中的衰减和频散问题已被广泛研究,然而,基于BISQ波传播方程的波场数值模拟至今仍未见报道. 本文从同时包含两种力学机制的孔隙弹性波方程出发,利用FCT有限差分法对含流体孔隙各向同性介质中的地震波和声波进行了数值模拟,并与基于Biot流动的Biot理论之模拟结果进行比较. 数值模拟结果表明:同时包含Biot流动和喷射流动影响的地震波和声波速度比仅包含Biot流动作用的地震波和声波速度慢,慢P波的衰减比根据Biot理论模拟的慢P波衰减更强. 相似文献
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运用固体传压介质岩石三轴试验装置模拟震源失稳振动过程,采取多点布设电阻应变片的方法,对试件突发失稳振动行为及其在试件-压机系统中的传播过程进行观测,测试结果为:应力振动的初动半周期平均约为0.11ms,与岩石类型,周压及应力降等因素无关,振幅逐渐衰减;在试件-压机系统中,振动波从试件错动面处向外传播,其速度约为3.30m/ms;在失稳初动半周期内,振动波向试件以上传播的距离为363mm,传播的范围 相似文献
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二维变密度声波波动方程的衍射层析成像 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文将二维声波衍射层析成像原理推广到二维变密度声波波动方程中,导出了在线源激发条件下,不同观测系统的滤波反传播重建算法,取两个以上不同频率值可得到密度和体积模量的成像.数值实例表明,该方法能得到密度和体积模量较满意的成像。 相似文献
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在本文中,我们比较详尽地研究了二维横向各向同性介质中地震波势位解,发现:在二维条件下,似P波、似SV波与似SH波解耦。通过对质点振动的研究发现:似P波振动方向一般与波动传播方向不一致,似SV波引起的质点振动方向与波动传播方向不垂直,似SH波引起的质点振动方向与波动传播方向绝对垂直。 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献
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