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1.
Summary The temporal variability of thermal turbulence and vertical velocity derived from sodar measurements during periods of atmospheric
free convection is studied using both spectral and wavelet analysis. A promising approach to analyse atmospheric processes,
an advanced high-resolution spectrum estimation technique is described. Variance spectra of meteorological and turbulent parameters
are shown to have their specific comb shape at a low-frequency range. Spectra and wavelet transforms of the data obtained
at different sites both indicate the existence of some representative predominant temporal scales in time variations of the
convective boundary layer structure. The most evident temporal scales revealed are centered around 7–9 and 18–22 minutes.
Received October 16, 1998 Revised April 15, 1999 相似文献
2.
区域降水的多时间尺度特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
简单介绍小波分析技术的特点及其在大气科学研究中的应用。用一维Morlet小波变换对重庆地区(单站资料)1960～2000年41年降水资料序列作周期诊断分析,发现重庆市降水存在最为明显的准18年周期振荡,其次也具有11年、3～5年及8年的准周期。Morlet小波变换系数的零点对应于重庆市40余年降水变化的突变点,据此得出降水的多时间尺度特征和规律。无论是较大时间尺度,还是较小时间尺度,重庆市夏季降水、年降水变化均处于较强的偏多期,且偏多的趋势仍较明显,而秋季降水则处于较强的偏少期。 相似文献
3.
文章分析了1949—2010年发生在西北太平洋上的热带气旋的空间分布特征。并利用趋势分析、小波分析和滑动t检验方法分析了热带气旋的年际变化特征、季节变化特征、周期特征和突变特征。结果表明:西北太平洋热带气旋多生成于5~25°N,110~170°E的海域。频数的年际变化存在三个阶段,月际变化明显,集中出现在7—10月。整个时域上10~15a的波动明显,并经历了三次突变过程。62a间强热带风暴生成最多,台风次之,热带风暴最少。热带气旋强度的年变化不明显。热带气旋强度越强,频数最大值的月份出现越晚。亚洲季风和西太平洋副高对热带气旋的产生起很大的作用。 相似文献
4.
近45a黄冈市气温和降水的变化与异常特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用线性倾向率、滑动平均、小波分析、异常分析等方法,对黄冈市45a来（1961～2005年）气温和降水变化事实进行诊断分析,着重分析气温和降水的年际变化、年代际变化等基本气候特征。结果表明,黄冈市年平均气温呈上升趋势,特别是自1980年代后期上升尤为明显,冬、春季增温对该市年平均气温贡献最大;平均气温变化阶段性明显;气温周期性变化明显,平均气温主要有4a和6a年际周期、13a和20a年代际周期;45a中没有出现异常偏冷年,异常偏暖年出现过1次（1998年）;年最高气温呈弱上升趋势,阶段性明显,冷暖交替变化;年最低气温呈明显上升趋势;年降水量呈增多趋势,1980年代为降水峰值期;降水量周期性变化明显,主要有6～7a年际周期、13a年代际周期;45a中降水异常偏多和异常偏少均未出现。 相似文献
5.
根据国家气象中心提供的西南地区夏半年月降水资料,利用旋转经验正交函数(REOF)展开方法,将西南地区划分为川西北、川渝区、云川区和贵州区4个区域,并在此基础上,利用多项式拟合趋势线、小波变换等方法,对各区域降水的变化特征进行了分析。结果表明,西南地区各区域降水的长期变化趋势不尽相同,川西北没有显著的趋势变化,川渝区表现为缓慢上升的趋势,而云川区和贵州区则均表现为先下降后上升的趋势。西南地区各区域降水的周期特征也不尽相同,较短时间尺度的周期变化在西南地区各区域普遍存在;而较长时间尺度的周期,各个区域则有较大的差别,不仅表现在长时间尺度周期的显著性上,还表现在具有相同时间尺度周期,不同区域的干湿期配置等方面。 相似文献
6.
7.
切变湍流的相干结构是湍流研究中的重大发现,它表明湍流在表面上看来不规则运动中具有可检测的有序运动,这种相干结构在切变湍流的脉动生成和发展中起着主宰作用.因此识别和提取相干结构对于认识和研究湍流是非常重要的.用数字滤波法将包含相干结构的大尺度信号提取出来以后,再用子波分析,根据子波能量极大值的判别方法,分别确定出大气湍流三个方向上的速度脉动信号相干结构的频率或时间尺度,然后由确定尺度上的连续子波反演公式,提取出大气湍流三个方向上的速度脉动信号相干结构所对应的波形. 相似文献
8.
Qiang Zhang Chong-Yu Xu Zengxin Zhang Yongqin David Chen 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2010,102(1-2):185-195
In this study, we thoroughly analyzed abrupt behaviors, trends, and periodicity properties of water vapor flux and moisture budget entering and exiting the four edges of the Pearl River basin based on the NCAR/NCEP reanalysis dataset by using the continuous wavelet transform and the simple two-phase linear regression technique. Possible implications for hydrological cycle and water resource management of these changes are also discussed. The results indicate that: (1) the water vapor propagating through the four edges of the Pearl River basin is decreasing, and it is particularly true for the changes of the water vapor flux exiting from the north edge of the study river basin. The transition point from increase to decrease occurs in the early 1960s; (2) The wavelet transform spectra indicate that the monthly water vapor flux through the north edge decreases and this decrease is mainly reflected by intermittent distribution of the wavelet power spectra after early 1980s. The periodicity properties of the water vapor flux through the north edge imply that the northward propagation of water vapor flux decreases after the 1980s; (3) close relations between water vapor flux, precipitation and streamflow implies that the altered hydrological cycle in the Pearl River basin is mainly manifested by seasonal shifts of water vapor flux after early 1960s. One of the direct consequences of these changes of water vapor flux is the seasonal transition of wet and dry conditions across the Pearl River basin. Regional responses of hydrological cycle to climate variation/change could be different from one river basin to another. Hydrological responses of the Pearl River basin to the global warming are mainly demonstrated by seasonal shifts of precipitation changes: winter comes to be wetter and summer tends to be dryer. The finding of the seasonal transition of precipitation in the Pearl River basin is of great scientific and practical merits in basin scale water resource management in the Pearl River basin under the changing climate and global warming in particular. 相似文献
9.
应用经验模态分析方法(经验模态分解(EMD)和Hilbert谱),对夏季副热带大气系统在周期态和振荡态下的流函数数值解序列进行本征模态函数(IMF)及其Hilbert谱的分析。结果表明:(1)周期态下的流函数分量时间序列一般由1个IMF构成,而且其周期就是该流函数的周期。对周期性的IMF分量使用Hilbert变换得到的瞬时频率和振幅都不随时间变化。(2)振荡态下的流函数分量时间序列一般由2个以上的IMF构成,其中有的IMF分量具有显著的周期性,相应的瞬时频率和振幅都不随时间变化;有的IMF分量则没有显著的周期性,相应的瞬时频率和振幅有变化,而且随着振荡态复杂程度的增大,瞬时频率和振幅的变化也趋于复杂。(3)瞬时振幅有明确的物理意义,表示IMF振荡的能量;振幅的局部相对大值对应着原序列(IMF)的强振荡,小值则对应着弱的变化。瞬时频率的显著增大,表示原序列有大的变化。 相似文献
10.
Taiichi Hayashi 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1994,70(3):307-326
A wavelet analysis can supply information of both the location (time) and the scale of fluctuations. This method is applied to the fluctuations of the natural wind and the turbulent transport of momentum in the atmospheric surface layer. The shapes of both the wavelet spectra and the Fourier spectra of the three components of the wind velocity fluctuations are similar to each other. The quadrant representation of momentum transport shows the scale difference of the transport. The large-scale fluctuations mainly contribute to the downward transport of momentum. 相似文献
11.
小波系数谱分析方法是结合小波分析和高分辨率谱分析的一种统计方法,可以用来同时识别时间序列中相干结构的生命尺度和出现周期,可以很好地描述相干结构的演变过程。基于此方法,作者分析了2004年11月在河北省白洋淀地区的陆地和岛上两个观测点（分别代表陆地和水面两种不同下垫面）湍流湿度脉动的相干结构特征,结果表明陆地和水上湿度序列的相干结构尺度分布相似,并且尺度与周期之间的关系一致:小于5 s的相干结构不连续出现,而且通常伴有更大尺度的相干结构,而5~30s的相干结构有与其尺度差不多的周期。在寻找更大尺度的相干结构时发现存在一个尺度,当大于某个周期时,在各个周期上这个尺度的相干结构都显著;与正交小波变换识别相干结构主尺度的方法识别的相干结构主尺度一致。另外,小尺度结构不连续出现也可以解释小尺度湍流能量变化比较大。 相似文献
12.
The presence of coherent structures in turbulent shear flows suggests order in apparently random flows. These coherent structures play an important dynamical role in momentum and scalar transport. To develop dynamical models describing the evolution of such motion, it is necessary to detect and isolate the coherent structures from the background fluctuations. In this paper, we decomposed atmospheric turbulence time series into large-scale eddies, which include coherent structures and small eddies, which are stochastic by using Fourier digital filtering. The wavelet energy computed for the three components of the velocity fluctuations in the large-scale eddies appears to have local maximum values at certain time scales, which correspond to the scales or frequencies of coherent structures. We extract coherent signals from large-scale vortices at this scale by inverse wavelet transform formulae. This method provides an objective technique for examining the turbulence signal associated with coherent structures in the atmospheric boundary layer. The average duration of coherent structures in three directions based on Mexican hat wavelets are 33 s, 34 s and 25 s respectively. Symmetric andanti-symmetric wavelet basis functions give almost the same results. The main features of the structures during the day and night have little difference. The dimensionless durations for u, v and w have linear correlations with each other. These relationships are insensitive to the wavelet basis. 相似文献
13.
中尺度模式不同分辨率下大气多尺度特征模拟能力分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本文利用不同水平分辨率下的中尺度大气数值模式ARPS (Advanced Regional Prediction System) 模拟我国内蒙古奈曼旗农牧交错带2001年7月23日18时至27日18时天气演变过程, 以研究中尺度模式水平分辨率提高对多种时空尺度天气过程, 尤其是更小时空尺度过程的模拟改进。为此, 本文提取不同分辨率下u、v、w、θ、p气象要素的模拟结果进行分析。秩和检验和方差分析表明, 模式分辨率提高对气象五要素的模拟具有一定的影响, 但对不同要素的影响程度有所不同, 其中, 对p、θ、w影响最大, 对u、v的影响次之, 对流层下部和边界层对分辨率最为敏感, 对流层中上部次之。谱分析和小波分析都表明分辨率的提高有利于再现大气运动的多尺度特征, 但在不同大气分层和不同模式变量中又有所不同。总的来说, 高层效果好于低层, 具有强周期变化规律的变量效果好于周期性弱的变量。 相似文献
14.
The ramplike coherent structures, observed in the temporal series of temperature and humidity in the atmospheric surface layer, are analyzed using the intermittency function and the wavelet transforms, with Haar, D4 and Mexican Hat functions as mother wavelets, in order to find the most efficient conditional sampling technique. It was found that the intermittency function and the wavelet transform, using Mexican Hat as mother wavelet, are the only ones that sample structures that fulfill the ramplike coherent structures definition of a slow rise followed by a sudden drop in the temporal series. The conditionally averaged structures detected by both techniques were similar for temperature, humidity, and vertical velocity at heights of 3, 5, and 9.4 m. Significant discrepancies were found among the conditional averaged structures detected by both techniques for zonal and meridional components of the wind at 11.5 m. Considering both techniques, it was observed that the averagedcoherent-structure duration ranged from 23.7 ± 0.5 s to 37.8 ± 3.0 s. Furthermore, the averaged number of events per 20-minute period ranged from 20.0 ± 1.0 to 28.5 ± 1.1, and the averaged intermittency factor from 45.0 ± 0.4% to 59.1 ± 1.3%. It was also observed that the averaged duration of the ramplike coherent structures increases with height, while their intensity, number, and intermittency factor decrease. Despite the good matching obtained for temperature and humidity, the coherent-structure properties did not show the expected variation with wind speed, stability parameter, and friction velocity. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test indicated that the intermittent function and the wavelet transform did not detect coherent structures belonging to the same population. 相似文献
15.
小波分析在雷击大气电场波形去噪分析中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
雷击时大气电场信号中混杂的噪声信号影响对真实大气电场信号的分析、提取和使用。文中通过计算仿真信号和去噪前后真实电场信号的均方误差,分析选取不同的小波函数、阈值法和小波分解层数对去噪效果产生的影响。考虑雷击时大气电场信号的信噪比,选用sym5小波和db5小波与minimaxi和rigrsure阈值法结合,且对小波的分解层数选用6~7层,进行大气电场波形的去噪处理,其去噪效果比较理想。最后,将该方法用于实际雷击大气电场波形数据的去噪处理,对雷击时电场波形的突变性检测中,在20个样本中有14个在首次雷击前1.5~2 h具有突变过程,占70%,这为将大气电场仪资料引入其他气象参数预报模型提供了切入点。 相似文献
16.
Xueqiang Gou Mingli Chen Yijun Zhang Wansheng Dong Xiushu Qie 《Atmospheric Research》2009,91(2-4):410-415
Lightning can be seen as a large-scale cooperative phenomenon, which may evolve in a self-similar cascaded way. Using the electric field waveforms recorded by the slow antenna system, the mono- and multifractal behaviors of 115 first return strokes in negative cloud-to-ground discharges have been investigated with a wavelet multiresolution based multifractal method. The results show that the return stroke process, in term of its electric field waveform, has apparent fractality and strong degree of multifractality. The multifractal spectra obtained for the 115 cases are all well fitted to a modified version of the binomial cascade multifractal model. The width of the multifractal spectra, which measure the strength of multifractality, is 1.6 on average. The fractal dimension of the electric field waveforms ranges from 1.2 to 1.5 with an average of 1.3, a similar value to the fractal dimension of the lightning channel obtained by others. This suggests that the lightning-produced electric fields may have the same fractal dimension as its channel. The relationship between the peak current of a return stroke and the charge deposition in its channel is also discussed. The results suggest that the wavelet and scaling analysis may be a powerful tool in interpretation of the lightning-produced electric fields and therefore in understanding lightning. 相似文献
17.
Hiroshi Ishida 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1989,47(1-4):71-84
Based on the data from an array of buoys during the JASIN-1978 field experiment made in an area northwest of Scotland, power spectra of surface wind speed and air temperature over the ocean in the mesoscale frequency range were studied. The averaged composite spectrum of wind speed for the whole period shows the existence of a spectral gap in the frequency range from 10–4 to 5 × 10–3 Hz. However, significant peaks in this range are often seen in particular spectra under certain weather conditions. Mesoscale spectral peaks of wind speed occur in 14 segments of the data record, approximately 10% of the total duration of the observations. In 4 of these segments, the mesoscale spectral peaks of both wind speed and air temperature occurred simultaneously. Several wave patterns of mesoscale atmospheric disturbances when mesoscale spectral peaks were seen are derived from phase differences between buoys. Significant mesoscale peaks in spectra appear in relatively strong winds and unstable or near-neutral atmospheric conditions, and none in stable atmospheric conditions. A criterion of wind speed and atmospheric stability is found for the mesoscale spectral peak appearance. 相似文献
18.
Wavelet methods: application to the study of the stable atmospheric boundary layer under non-stationary conditions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this work, some wavelet methods are introduced to study the atmospheric boundary layer under stable conditions, where intermittent events and non-stationary turbulence take place. Such behavior makes classical methods, based on Fourier transform, difficult to use or even of no application.The wavelet transform is used to detect and characterize some structures in the stable atmospheric boundary layer. First, a wave-like event with a 16 min period is detected and analyzed in a wind record. The sum of some Morlet wavelets is proposed as a model for the oscillations. Afterwards, the wavelet transform is introduced to the study of non-stationary small scale turbulence. It provides the time evolution of the energy and a good location in time of the spots of turbulence. Finally, some wavelet tools are used to characterize a traveling structure, provided that it is simultaneously detected at different locations. The phase differences in the wavelet transform give the wavelength and the phase speed of the oscillations, whereas a double transform method is introduced to estimate the group velocity of the structure. 相似文献
19.
The local effect of intermittency on the inertial subrange energy spectrum of the atmospheric surface layer 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jozsef Szilagyi Gabriel G. Katul Marc B. Parlange John D. Albertson Anthony T. Cahill 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1996,79(1-2):35-50
Orthonormal wavelet expansions are applied to atmospheric surface layer velocity measurements. The effect of intermittent events on the energy spectrum of the inertial subrange is investigated through analysis of wavelet coefficients. The local nature of the orthonormal wavelet transform in physical space makes it possible to identify a relationship between the inertial subrange slope of the local wavelet spectrum and a simple indicator (i.e. the local variance of the signal) of local intermittency buildup. The slope of the local wavelet energy spectrum in the inertial subrange is shown to be sensitive to the presence of intermittent events. During well developed intermittent events (coherent structures), the slope of the energy spectrum is somewhat steeper than -5/3, while in less active regions the slope is found to be flatter than -5/3. When the slopes of local wavelet spectra are ensemble averaged, a slope of -5/3 is recovered for the inertial subrange. 相似文献
20.
基于天津市蓟州区大气电场探测数据和闪电定位数据，利用功率谱分析、小波降噪和快速傅里叶变换等信号处理方法，分析了雷电天气过程中地面大气电场变化特征。结果表明，雷电过程中大气电场能量主要集中在低频部分，利用sym5小波函数进行7层或8层分解，提取的低频信号能够反映大气电场的主要变化特征。在首次闪电发生前1小时，大气电场的频谱幅值起伏变化明显，且远高于非雷电天气电场频谱幅值。通过欧氏距离判别法，判断大气电场频谱特征更接近雷电天气还是非雷电天气，可为雷电预报预警提供参考。 相似文献