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短周期地震计主要用于观测地方性的微小地震,用速度传感器设计的反馈式短周期的地震计的工作参数稳定性不好,是国内外观测实践都证实了的问题。借鉴位移传感反馈地震计工作参数偏差较低的思路,介绍了通过采用函数变换方法设计速度传感反馈地震计的解决方案。用函数变换方法设计的速度传感反馈地震计,既实现了加大负反馈深度又不降低噪声指标的双重目标,有加深负反馈和由闭环反馈生成的闭环周期位于通带外的优点。即便是机械摆受到环境变化的影响或随时间推移而出现了漂移或老化,其对通带内的幅频特性的影响亦较小。由函数变换电路生成摆函数的工作周期及工作阻尼与机械摆的参数完全无关,仅取决于变换电路中的两个电阻和两个电容的精度。 相似文献
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文章就我国763长周期地震台网建设中有关仪器的安装调试方法和经验进行总结。认为水平摆安装的关键是两组交叉簧片;垂直摆则是零长弹簧的补偿精度和密封;电流计要特别注意吊丝的导流丝的安装。仪器安裝完毕后必须进行一致性对比、零位周期效应、振幅效应、夹摆试验及开路零漂等一系列调试和性能测定。此外,文章就日常观测中常见的故障进行分析,提出故障判断的方法及相应的解决措施。 相似文献
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陈宏水 《地震地磁观测与研究》1986,(5)
一、引言众所周知,长周期地震仪器的漂移和易受外界的干扰是严重的。首先要获得一个固有周期很长的振动系统在技术上是比较困难的,当地震计的周期长了,随之带来的是零位漂移、周期零部效应、振幅效应等等。使仪器的加工和安装调试都造成一定的困难。而当仪器在 相似文献
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一、引言STS-IV/IH 地震计是用于宽频带和长周期记录的一种高灵敏度并可遥控的地震传感器。它其有动态范围宽和传递函数稳定的特点,特别是对于地震的数字化记录有其显著的使用价值。仪器的基本传递函数与固有周期为20秒、临界阻尼为0.707的普通长周期地震计的传递函数相同。该仪器可提供两道独立的输出。选择各种放大器、滤波器和记录器与传感器相组合可得到一个由使用者所确定的记录系统。 相似文献
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文章概述了地球的自由振荡即地球的固有振动,对于震级大于6级的多数地震,用现代的仪器及 WWSSN 和 IDA 等观测台网可观测到周期范围从1小时到80秒的振荡的各类简谐振型;还指出1975年以后,由于进一步分析了自由振荡谱的振幅、相位、宽度等参数,从而获得了震源特征、滞弹性、品质因数 Q、横向非均匀等地球内部的重要信息。 相似文献
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针对目前地震水氡模拟观测操作繁琐、干扰因素多等现状,引入新型水氡观测仪进行检测并与FD-125测氡仪开展对比试验研究。两款水氡观测仪在地震监测氡观测仪检测平台标准氡室校准,并依托九江地震台相同水样和环境下开展对比测量表明,在静置时间为1 h前提下,新型水氡观测仪重复性、相对误差、相对固有误差、固有本底符合技术要求,与FD-125测氡仪对比测量数据的一致性较好,但灵敏度指标有待提升。该仪器整体设计基本满足地震模拟水氡测量发展需求,可减少人工操作带来的测量误差,提升测量效率和数据质量。 相似文献
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地倾斜仪的频率响应与潮汐因子 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对地倾斜仪观测资料的调和分析发现,潮汐因子的大小与观测仪器的类型有关．为探讨此关系,本文进行了理论分析．结果表明,同一地点的不同类型、不同工作周期或不同阻尼常数的地倾斜观测仪器,它们的频率响应稍有不同,工作周期小的观测仪器,有可能获得较多的地震前兆信息;而阻尼常数不同的仪器所观测到的资料,经调和分析可得出不尽相等的潮汐因子;探讨了仪器频率响应与潮汐因子大小之间的关系．由于地震预报的需要,有必要对地倾斜仪进行绝对标定．为获得丰富的地倾斜信息,应当选用不同频率的地倾斜仪器,开展配套观测． 相似文献
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R. E. Abercrombie 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1998,153(2-4):475-487
—Earthquake seismograms recorded by instruments in deep boreholes have low levels of background noise and wide signal bandwidth. They have been used to extend our knowledge of crustal attenuation both in the near-surface and at seismogenic depths. Site effects are of major importance to seismic hazard estimation, and the comparison of surface, shallow and deep recordings allows direct determination of the attenuation in the near-surface. All studies to date have found that Q is very low in the near-surface (～ 10 in the upper 100 m), and increases rapidly with depth. Unlike site amplification, attenuation at shallow depths exhibits little dependence on rock-type. These observations are consistent with the opening of fractures under decreasing lithostatic pressure being the principal cause of the severe near-surface attenuation. Seismograms recorded in deep boreholes are relatively unaffected by near-surface effects, and thus can be used to measure crustal attenuation to higher frequencies (≥ 100 Hz) than surface recordings. Studies using both direct and coda waves recorded at over 2 km depth find Q to be high (～ 1000) at seismogenic depths in California, increasing only weakly with frequency between 10 and 100 Hz. Intrinsic attenuation appears to be the dominant mechanism. These observations contrast with those of the rapidly increasing Q with frequency determined from surface studies in the frequency range 1 to 10 Hz. Further work is necessary to constrain the factors responsible for this apparent change in the frequency dependence of Q, but it is clearly unwise to extrapolate Q estimates made below about 10 Hz to higher frequencies. 相似文献
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2008年汶川MS8.0地震中, 固定和流动地形影响台阵记录到大量主余震记录, 本文通过对其均方根加速度、 相对持时、 频谱等要素进行分析, 讨论了山体地形效应的特征及其影响因素. 对于自贡西山公园地形台阵各测点的分析结果显示: 该台阵山脚基岩位置地震动的均方根加速度和相对持时明显低于山体周边土层场地和山体基岩测点; 随着高程的增加, 山体基岩测点的均方根加速度逐渐变大, 相对持时则变化不大, 傅里叶谱形状也大体一致, 在2.0—5.0 Hz频段内有所放大; 山体周边土层场地和山体地形对于相同地震动输入中不同频段内地震动能量的放大水平不同, 从而导致二者的地表地震动强度产生显著差异, 且前者对地震动持时的增加更加显著. 相似文献
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Denis Mougenot 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(5):922-933
The broadband capabilities of marine, seabed, and land seismic equipment are reviewed with respect to both the source and the receiver sides. In marine acquisition, the main issue at both ends of the spectrum relates to ghosts occurring at the sea surface. Broadband deghosting requires towing at variable depth to introduce notch diversity or using new equipment like multi‐component and/or low‐noise streamers. As a result, a doubling of the bandwidth from about three to six octaves (2.5–200 Hz) has been achieved. Such improvement is not yet observed for seabed surveys in spite of deghosting being a standard process on the receiver side. One issue may be related to the coupling of the particle motion sensor, particularly at high frequencies. For land acquisition, progress came from the vibrators. New shakers and control electronics using broadband sweeps made it possible to add two more octaves to the low‐frequency signal (from 8 to 2 Hz). Whereas conventional 10 Hz geophones are still able to record such low frequencies, 5 Hz high gain geophones or digital accelerometers enhance them to keep the signal above the noise floor. On the high end of the bandwidth, progress is not limited by equipment specifications. Here, the issue is related to a low signal‐to‐noise ratio due to the strong absorption that occurs during signal propagation. To succeed in enlarging the bandwidth, these improved equipment and sweeps must be complemented by a denser spatial sampling of the wavefield by point–source and point–receiver acquisition. 相似文献
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针对地面地震分辨率低,不能有效识别薄层储层、薄层地层等问题,本文通过地震波衰减规律的分析,提出了一种恢复地震波高频衰减获得宽频带地震剖面的方法,从而大幅度地提高了地震分辨率.应用双井微地震测井资料对松辽盆地地震波动力学特征研究表明,地震波衰减规律是在近地表低速层和近地表低速层的近震源区地震波高频衰减巨大,而在高速层地震波高频衰减很小.药量大近震源区地震波高频衰减大,药量小近震源区地震波高频衰减小.那么,近震源区和近地表低速层对地震波的衰减是地面地震资料频带窄、分辨率低的主要原因.据此提出了如下确定性反褶积方法,用双井微地震测井资料求取近震源区、近地表低速层和虚反射等滤波因子,用其对地面地震资料作确定性反褶积处理,从而恢复近震源区、近地表低速层等几种因素的地震波衰减,将大药量激发地表接收的地面地震延拓成小药量激发高速层接收的宽频带地震.应用该方法对松辽盆地优势频带宽5~90 Hz,视主频50 Hz的地面地震资料处理后,地震剖面优势频带宽达5~360 Hz,视主频达180 Hz,使常规地震剖面分辨率提高2倍.具体的说松辽盆地中部含油组合的地面地震分辨能力由9~15 m提高到3~5 m.宽频带地震剖面与160 Hz的人工合成地震记录对比符合的很好,表明其处理结果是正确.该成果在油气勘探开发中的油气储层预测、构造学研究、沉积学研究等方面有重要的意义. 相似文献
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768无线地震遥测设备是为在电信传输地震台网的网点间不易架设明线,或线路容量不足的场合使用而专门设计的,当然,也可用于受大地震破坏的现场.该设备是由一对超短波发射机与接收机构成,采用二次调频.它既可直接与单分向短周期地震计连接传输0.5HZ-25HZ 的地震模拟信号,也可直接与专门设计的多路数字前兆遥测设备配合使用传输0.2HZ-20HZ 的 CHDB4码（相容高密度二进制码）.因而可用来传输地电、地磁、地应力、地倾斜等多种地球物理量.该仪器自1977年7月起先后在北京、上海、天津台网进行了实地传输试验,其后又在昆明地震台网使用了一年多.结果表明,该仪器轻便、灵活、稳定、可靠,有较强的抗干扰性.当天线架设高度足够时,最远传输距离可达115公里. 相似文献
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A horizontal transmitter loop (vertical magnetic dipole) is used for frequency electromagnetic (FEM) soundings. The frequency ranges from approximately 6 Hz to about 4000 Hz. The vertical and radial magnetic field components are measured for 20 frequencies per decade several hundred meters from the transmitter loop. A very small bandwidth is selected for amplification using a reference signal. An Apple computer is used for data acquisition. A computer program for Marquardt inversion optimizes the parameters for the n-layer case: the resistivities and thicknesses of individual beds and a correction factor for the primary magnetic field. Interpretation of each component individually yields practically the same parameters. Examples from the field are given with interpretation; comparison with dc resistivity measurements is provided. The ratio of vertical/radial magnetic field components vs. frequency can be transformed simply into apparent resistivity vs. apparent depth. This can be done in the field to obtain an estimation of the depth of the layer boundaries. FEM results are compared with Schlumberger d.c. sounding obtained at the same site. 相似文献
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对于隐蔽性油气藏和复杂构造油气藏,地震反射资料难以满足精度要求,需要开展地震资料提高分辨率处理.为此,使用反Q滤波、广义S变换、谱整形技术及谱白化技术等方法处理了涠西南地区叠前地震资料,并且分析了四种提高分辨率方法的应用效果.结果表明,四种方法都能提高主频、拓宽频带,其中反Q滤波的效果最好,广义S变换效果次之.反Q滤波结果中波组的低频和中高频能量分配合理,并且在中高频段反Q滤波结果的信噪比明显高于其它三种方法.此外,使用不同Q值对反Q滤波结果影响比较大.随着Q值增加,主频和带宽都稍有降低的趋势,但是信噪比提高了.当Q值大于200.0时信噪比改善的空间已经很小,这时再提高Q值,换来的只是主频降低和带宽缩小. 相似文献
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This paper presents a theoretical investigation on the performance of multiple‐tuned liquid column dampers (MTLCD) for reducing torsional vibration of structures in comparison with single‐tuned liquid column dampers (STLCD). The analytical model is first developed for torsional vibration of a structure with an MTLCD under either harmonic excitation or white noise excitation. The experimental results are then used to verify the analytical model for coupled MTLCD‐structure systems under harmonic excitation. The performance of an MTLCD and its beneficial parameters for achieving the maximum torsional response reduction to white noise excitation are finally investigated through an extensive parametric study in terms of the distance from the centre line of the MTLCD to the rotational axis of the structure, the ratio of the horizontal length to the total length of liquid column, frequency bandwidth, head‐loss coefficient, the number of TLCD units in an MTLCD, frequency‐turning ratio and the spectral level of excitation moment. The results show that there is an optimal head‐loss coefficient and an optimal frequency bandwidth for an MTLCD to achieve the maximum torsional response reduction. It is also demonstrated that the sensitivity of an optimized MTLCD to the frequency‐tuning ratio is less than that of an optimized STLCD, and it can be further improved by increasing the bandwidth but at the cost of less torsional vibration reduction. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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SITE EFFECT AND EARTHQUAKE DISASTER CHARACTERISTICS IN GUANGZHOU AREA FROM HORIZONTAL-TO-VERTICAL SPECTRAL RATIO(HVSR)METHOD 
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下载免费PDF全文 Site effect, which is related to the amplification of seismic waves, is mostly affected by the thickness and softness of sediment layers. The study of site effect in cities is becoming more and more important to the assessment of ground motions, seismic hazard and engineering seismology. However, in highly populated urban cities, traditional seismic surveys cannot be applied extensively due to their destructive consequences and high cost. The ambient noise, including microseisms and microtremor, could be acquired anywhere and anytime, and thus can serve as an effective source for engineering seismology. In order to get the site effect and distribution of sedimentary layers of Guangzhou area, one hundred QS-05A seismographs with frequency bandwidth of 5s-250Hz were deployed in early 2018 for 35 days. The inter-station spacing of these seismometers is approximately 2~5km. Using continuous ambient noise signals, we obtained the resonance frequency and amplification value beneath each station by horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio(HVSR)method. Then sedimentary layer thicknesses as well as K-values, which are related to the site vulnerability to ground shaking, were calculated. Our results suggest that the resonance frequencies in Guangzhou area are between 1~6.5Hz. The resonance frequencies increase gradually from 1Hz on the north-east side to 6.5Hz on the south-west side of the study area. The sediment thicknesses change from several meters to about 40m, with the maximum thickness at around the estuary of the Pearl River. This distribution is consistent with the topography. The amplifications are mainly between 2~6. The largest amplification is around the Pearl River and the west part of Baiyun District. In general, the K-values are small(<20), less than the dangerous value, suggesting that Guangzhou area is relatively safe in ground shaking. However, there are three small areas beneath Huadu District, Sanshui District and Nanhai District. They all have K-values greater than 20, suggesting those areas are more vulnerable to earthquake destruction, and higher construction standard is needed. The reliability of our results is further supported by its consistency with topography and borehole data in Guangzhou area. Our results provide important information for shallow underground structure in Guangzhou area, and can be referred as guidelines in urban architecture planning and disaster prevention and mitigation. 相似文献