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东北地区Pn波速度结构研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用2000年1月至2011年2月黑龙江省地震台网的数字地震波形记录中2158条Pn波到时数据,并结合1985～2008年的中国地震年报数据中提取的10641条Pn波到时数据,反演了中国东北地区（东经110°—136°、北纬35°—55°）的Pn波速度结构,结果表明东北地区上地幔顶部速度结构的横向变化与现代构造运动有明显的关联：上地幔顶部Pn波速度低值区与中国东北地区火山活动区域有很好的一致性;松辽盆地地区Pn波速度显然高于其周边区域。东北地区强震大都发生在Pn波的速度低速带或速度过渡带,反映出上地幔顶部的流变性对构造应力的传递起着重要作用。 相似文献
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本文利用横波分裂方法对北京大学于田流动台阵记录的SKS震相进行分析,获到了阿尔金断裂西部及邻区的上地幔各向异性参数.分析结果显示,快波偏振方向在整个研究区基本呈近E-W向,与研究区内阿尔金断裂的走向几乎一致,分裂延迟时间在0.93~1.20s之间.综合研究区附近前人横波分裂研究结果,我们认为,在印度和欧亚大陆板块碰撞作用下,青藏高原北部上地幔软流圈物质向北流动,遇到塔里木盆地"克拉通"较厚岩石圈阻挡并发生了旋转,向东西两侧流动,导致在青藏高原和塔里木盆地边界地带软流圈上地幔橄榄岩中晶格沿近E-W向优势排列.这一模式显示阿尔金断裂可能是一个岩石圈尺度的大型走滑断裂:它既控制近地表的上地壳构造运动,同时也影响了上地幔软流圈物质的流动.另外,在向塔里木盆地内部延伸的台站也观测到显著的各向异性和近EW向的快波偏振方向.这些结果表明塔里木盆地"克拉通"岩石圈的中、下部分在南部边界被青藏高原北部上地幔软流圈流动"热侵蚀"而损失一部分,导致青藏高原软流圈向东西两侧的流动已经延伸到塔里木盆地内部.本文的研究结果揭示克拉通岩石圈"活化"不仅可以在垂直方向发生(如,岩石圈拆沉或软流圈上涌导致的热侵蚀),也可以在水平方向上发生,即软流圈的水平流动对克拉通岩石圈边界的热侵蚀作用. 相似文献
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利用环渤海地区的天然地震P波到时资料,采用纬度和经度方向分别为05°×06°的网格划分,反演了该地区地壳上地幔的三维P波速度结构.初步结果表明,环渤海地区地壳上地幔的速度结构具有明显的横向不均匀性：京津唐地区地壳中上部的速度异常反映了浅表层的地质构造特征,造山带和隆起区对应于高速异常,坳陷区和沉积盆地对应于低速异常;地壳下部出现大规模的低速异常与华北地区广泛存在的高导层相对应,估计与壳内的滑脱层和局部熔融、岩浆活动有关;莫霍面附近的速度异常反映了地壳厚度的变化及壳幔边界附近热状态的差异;上地幔顶部大范围的低速异常可能是上地幔软流层热物质大规模上涌所致. 相似文献
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利用面波层析成像和远震接收函数方法对长白山地区的地壳上地幔速度结构进行了研究。结果表明:长白山火山区附近存在岩石圈减薄、上地幔软流圈增厚以及上地幔S波速度降低等与上地幔高温物质有关的现象,它表明长白山的岩浆系统一直延伸到上地幔软流圈范围。天池火山区地壳内部存在明显的S波低速层,在离天池火山口较近的WQD台附近,低速层顶部埋深约8km,厚度近20km,S波最小速度约2.2km/s。在距离天池火山北部50km的EDO台地壳中没有明显的低速层。火山区S波速度结构总体表现出距离天池越近,地壳的V_P/V_S越大,低速层的厚度和幅度增加的特征,表明天池火山口附近地壳内部存在高温物质或岩浆囊。CBS台站不同方位的接收函数及反演结果表明,地表低速层厚度以及莫霍面深度存在随方位的变化。地表低速层在南部方向明显较厚,莫霍面深度在南部天池火山口方向存在小幅度抬升。CBS台站附近特殊的近地表速度结构可能是该台站记录的火山地震波形主频较低的主要因素。天池火山口附近莫霍面的小幅度抬升意味着存在与火山作用有关的壳幔物质交换通道 相似文献
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本文利用重力和地震P波到时数据反演得到了中国东北地区地壳上地幔三维密度结构.与单一的重力或地震反演相比,重震反演一方面有效地克服了重力反演结果垂向分辨率低的问题,另一方面也提高了地震反演结果的可靠性.结果显示:中国东北地区的地壳及上地幔剩余密度异常分布与构造单元具有明显的相关性,造山带对应低密度异常,盆地对应高密度异常;区域内火山下方有明显的低密度体存在,可能是由于太平洋板块俯冲进入上地幔并部分滞留,在滞留板块深部脱水和软流圈热物质共同作用下产生了上涌岩浆,喷发后形成了火山. 相似文献
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利用73个固定台站记录的163个远震事件数据,采用多道互相关技术挑选了5524条S波到时数据,并对S波到时数据进行地壳校正,在此基础上采用天然地震层析成像方法和远震S波到时信息,获得了长江中下游成矿带上地幔的三维S波速度结构模型.研究结果表明:(1)研究区域上地幔存在着明显的低速异常,且走向与成矿带相同,可能为上涌的软流圈热物质;(2)研究区域地幔过渡带和上地幔底部存在着明显的高速异常,可能为俯冲的古太平洋板块和拆沉的岩石圈;(3)成矿带上地幔的低速异常呈现由南向北逐渐变浅的空间分布特征,该特征表明软流圈热物质由南向北上涌.综合分析认为,成矿带中生代大规模岩浆活动和成矿作用的深部过程主要与岩石圈的拆沉密切相关. 相似文献
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依据大地电磁测深所发现的上地幔高导层顶面深度可以给出大陆岩石圈-软流圈界面(LAB)的空间发育特征,为认识岩石圈结构及壳幔相互作用等提供重要信息.本文在1996年编制的中国大陆上地幔高导层顶面深度图的基础上,补充了1995—2010年大地电磁测深结果和大地热流数据,以1°×1°网度编制了新的中国大陆上地幔高导层顶面深度图.我国上地幔高导层顶面深度变化很大,具有南北分带,东西分块的特征,呈东浅、西深、北浅、南深的格局,从最浅的50~60km到最深的230km,平均深度为100~120km.据上地幔高导层顶面分布形态,全国共可划分出27个隆起区.通过与中国已知内生金属矿产和油气田的分布对比,发现我国大陆80%以上中生代内生金属矿床分布在上地幔高导层隆起带或其梯度带上方.中国大陆东部含油气盆地主体对应上地幔隆起区,油气田多位于隆起区上方或其边部的过渡带上;西部主体位于幔坳区,主要油气田对应盆地中心的幔坳向周边幔隆过渡的梯度带上;中部表现为仅盆地腹地对应幔坳,盆地周边对应规模较大的上地幔隆起带,主要油气田位于隆起带.总的来看内生金属矿床一般分布在上地幔隆起区靠近造山带一侧,而油气田一般分布在上地幔隆起区靠近盆地一侧.软流圈的不断上隆,造成岩石圈减薄、拉张,张性断裂的出现成为地球深部物质和热量向地壳上部运移的有利通道,为内生金属矿产的形成提供了成矿物质和能量保障,也为含油气盆地带来了生烃催化剂、热能和无机成因的石油与天然气.地球深部超临界流体的存在对上地幔高导层的形成、成矿物质运移可能发挥了重要作用. 相似文献
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L. I. Gontovaya S. V. Popruzhenko I. V. Nizkous 《Journal of Volcanology and Seismology》2010,4(4):232-247
We consider results from modeling the crustal and upper mantle velocity structure in Kamchatka by seismic tomography and compare
these with gravity data and present-day tectonics. We found a well-pronounced (in the physical fields) vertical and lateral
variation for the upper mantle and found that it is controlled by fault tectonics. Not only are individual lithosphere blocks
moving along faults, but also parts of the Benioff zone. The East Kamchatka volcanic belt (EKVB) is confined to the asthenospheric
layer (the asthenosphere lens) at a depth of 70–80 km; this lens is 10–20 km thick and seismic velocity in it is lower by
2–4%. The top of the asthenosphere lens has the shape of a dome uplift beneath the Klyuchevskoi group of volcanoes and its
thickness is appreciably greater; overall, the upper mantle in this region is appreciably stratified. A low-velocity heterogeneity
(asthenolith) at least 100 km thick has been identified beneath the Central Kamchatka depression; we have determined its extent
in the upper mantle and how it is related to the EKVB heterogeneities. Gravity data suggest the development of a rift structure
under the Sredinnyi Range volcanic belt. The Benioff zone was found to exhibit velocity inhomogeneity; the anomalous zones
that have been identified within it are related to asthenosphere inhomogeneities in the continental and oceanic blocks of
the mantle. 相似文献
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This paper describes synthetically the seismic activity, deep and shallow structures and rock dynamic features in and near
Chaoyang—Yixian region. It is supposed that there is a low velocity layer in middle crust and the three-layered crustal velocities
are all lower than that in both sides of the region. There exists uplifts of upper mantle and asthenosphere-low resistance
layer. It is also studied the composition of matter of three-layered crust, low velocity layer, upper mantle and asthenosphere.
In the end the direct relations between the deep and shallow structure, composition and the seismic activity and new activities
of faults in this region are discussed.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, 180–186, 1992. 相似文献
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ＵｐｐｅｒｍａｎｔｌｅｆｌｏｗｂｅｎｅａｔｈｔｈｅＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔｏｆＣｈｉｎａａｎｄｉｔｓｌｉｔｈｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓＪＩＡＮ－ＨＵＡＨＵＡＮＧＩ（黄建华）；ＸＩＡ－ＨＵＡＣＨＡＮＧＩ（常筱华）ａｎｄＲＯＮＧ－ＳＨＡＮＦＵＩ傅容珊）（... 相似文献
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Based on the results of multiple geophysical research methods,the lithosphere thicknessisolines of the northeastern margin of Sino-Korean platform and its neighboring area havebeen compiled and the geotectonic significance and the geodynamic characteristics of depthdistribution of asthenosphere roof have been also discussed.The authors proposed that closerrelation exists between the depth of asthenosphere roof and the tectonic activity as well as themodern faulting and seismic activity from Meso-Cenozoic Era till now.The upper mantleasthenosphere is generally uplift in Hailar basin,Bohal Bay-Xia Liaohe basin andSonghuajiang-Liaohe basin.Meanwhile,there exists modern seismic activity and groundsubsidence in this area.It is result from the uplift of upper mantle asthenosphere. 相似文献
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Structural features of the typical continental paleorift in Panxi area are revealed by seismic tomography. (1) In the profile along the minor axis of Panxi paleorift, we found alternating high and low-velocity strips existing at different depths in the crust, presenting itself as a “sandwich” structure. The existence of these high and low-velocity anomaly strips is related to the basal lithology in the rift area. (2) An addition layer with velocity values of 7.1-7.5 km/s and 7.8 km/s exists from the base of lower crust to uppermost mantle and its thickness is about 20 km. Some study results indicate that the addition layer results from the invasion of mantle material. (3) A lens-shaped high-velocity body surrounded by relatively low-velocity material is observed at depths of 110-160 km between Huaping and Huidong in the axis of the paleorift. This is the first time to discover it in the upper mantle of the paleorift. Based on the results of geology, petrology and geochemistry, we infer that the formation of the addition layer and the lens-shaped high-velocity body in the upper mantle are related to the deep geodynamic process of generation, development and termination of the rift. On the one hand, the upwelling of asthenosphere mantle caused partial melting, and then the basaltic magma from the partial melted material further resulted in underplating and formed the crustal addition layer. On the other hand, the high-density content of mineral facies was increased in the residual melted mass of intensely depleted upper mantle, formed by basalt withdrawing. The solid-melt medium in the depleted upper mantle was mainly an accumulation of garnet and peridotite because the heating effect of lithosphere was relatively weakened in the later riftogenesis, so that a lens-shaped high-density and high-velocity zone was produced in the upper mantle. The results indicate that the energy and material exchange between asthenosphere and lithosphere and remarkable underplating would have an important effect on the material state and propagation of seismic wave in the lower crust, crust-mantle interface, asthenosphere and lithosphere. This process possibly is an important mechanism on the growth of continental crust and the evolution of deep mantle. 相似文献
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大别造山带是全球最大的碰撞造山带之一,三叠纪时期,扬子板块深俯冲至地幔的200km处,经历了超高压变质作用。白垩纪早期,该造山带发生了强烈的伸展和垮塌,以及大规模的后造山地幔源岩浆侵入和火山活动。本研究收集了大别造山带及其邻区(29°~34°N、114°~119°E)的震相资料,采用双差层析成像技术,对大别造山带地壳结构进行反演,研究地壳结构与后造山地幔源岩浆侵入和火山活动之间的关系。结果显示,大别造山带中上地壳存在低速结构,该低速结构可能是熔融的幔源侵入物质,由于俯冲板片断裂,或下地壳/岩石圈发生拆沉,导致软流圈物质上涌至地壳底部、侵入地壳中,形成大别造山带地壳中的低速结构;同时,合肥盆地显示为低速区,可能是受浅部沉积层影响。研究中横切大别山的4条剖面显示,该地区下方存在北向倾斜高速结构,该高速结构可能是襄樊-广济断层,或者是扬子板块向华北板块下方俯冲的遗迹。 相似文献
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Seismic tomography of the crust and upper mantle in the Bohai Bay Basin and its adjacent regions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the Bohai Bay Basin and its adjacent regions(112°―124°E,34°―42°N),there exists abundant gas-petroleum while modern inter-plate seismic activity is robust.Although the tectonic structure of this region is very complicated,plenty of geological,geophysical and geochemical data and results are obtained through previous researches.On the basis of absorbing previous results,especially various kinds of geological and geophysical results,we collect and process the arrival time of P-wave phases of local events and tele-seismic events recorded by the station within this region from 1978 to 2004,build the responding initial model,and image the velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle of this region via tomography.The perturbation images of various depths and velocity profiles imply that the velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle in the Bohai Bay Basin and its adjacent regions is mainly influenced by the surface tectonic units,and is characterized by "Stripped along east-west,and zoned along south-north";some large-scaled faults penetrate Moho and lithosphere,and provide the channels for the basic lava or hot mass upwelling from the mantle. 相似文献
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Martyn Unsworth 《Surveys in Geophysics》2010,31(2):137-161
Continent–continent collisions are an important tectonic process and have played a fundamental role in the evolution of the
modern continents. A combination of geological and geophysical data has provided new constraints on the structure and temporal
evolution of these orogens. Magnetotelluric (MT) studies have been an important part of these studies since they can constrain
the fluid content and thermal structure which are key parameters for defining the rheology of the crust and upper mantle.
MT studies of the Himalaya have defined the geometry of active faults associated with continued plateau growth. Orogen scale
MT studies have shown that both the India–Asia collision (Tibetan Plateau and Himalaya) and the Arabia–Eurasia collision (Eastern
Anatolia) have developed a low resistivity mid-crustal layer with upper surface at 10–20 km that is likely due to a combination
of partial melt and associated aqueous fluids. The properties of this layer are consistent with a strength contrast that permits
crustal flow over geological timescales. The upper mantle from the Moho to at least 100 km beneath both Northern Tibet and
the Anatolian Plateau is characterized by low resistivity values (10–30 Ωm) indicating the presence of shallow asthenosphere.
Future integrated seismic and MT studies of collision zones are needed fully to explore the 3D structures associated with
deformation and further constrain geodynamic models. 相似文献
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基于Ｍａｘｗｅｌｌ和Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ流变模型，以延续时间与松弛期的比值，即松弛数，作为衡量指标，对地壳、上地幔不同层次的变形属性进行了判别。结果表明，除软流圈地幔主要为粘性流动外，其上各层的情况是：在漫长的地质过程中，不仅岩石圈地幔和下地壳属于粘性，上地壳也有可能处于粘性流动状态；在延续数十年的情况下，上地壳以及岩石圈地幔都可能呈弹性状态；延续时间介乎二者，通常上地壳为弹性，下地壳和岩石圈地幔为粘性或滞弹粘性。此外，还结合变形属性的判别，就岩石圈地幔的流动和板内的驱动力远程传递等问题进行了讨论 相似文献