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1.
东亚岛弧海沟系在平面形态上表现明显的不连续性,各段两端向大陆弯曲,中部向海凸出,这种形式与海底岭脊密切相关;地震活动沿岛弧呈狭窄的带状分布,但其活动性在岛弧的延伸方向上及岛弧间存在明显的差异,表现在岛弧两端或岛弧与海岭的交接地段活动性较强,而中段活动性较弱。菲律宾海板块西侧（靠大陆）活动性较其东侧（靠太平洋）强,马里亚纳弧的ＮＮＥ和ＮＥ方向段地震活动弱于其它的方向段。岛弧地震和大陆地震发生的时间关 相似文献
2.
论东亚大陆的陆缘弧问题 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
陆缘弧是太平洋西北岛弧背后大陆陆地与内海间的弧形构造.这些陆缘弧的特点是:1.陆缘弧彼此形态相似,均一致突向大洋,它们在几何学上与相对应的岛弧相同;2.它们具有大致平行海岸线的断裂弧,其断裂面经常倾向大陆;3.沿弧存在着主要为新第三纪以来的基性火山活动;4.沿弧发生近期浅源张裂地震活动;5.它们切割大陆内所有中生代构造,是最新的活动构造带.作者还探讨了东亚陆缘弧的形成机制. 相似文献
3.
马里亚纳岛弧系的垂向旋转运动与海槽的形成 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
处于垂向旋转应力场作用下的马里亚纳岛弧系发生了垂向旋转运动,岛弧表面张裂而一分为二,形成东海脊和西海脊.东海脊的旋张掀斜运动使早期形成的岛弧向海沟轴方向不断迁移、沉降,同时导致马里亚纳海槽形成. 马里亚纳海槽新月形形态的形成是由于沟-弧系水平方向的差异性运动和岛弧系向东的差异性旋张掀斜运动所致.马里亚纳海槽实质上是岛弧系中发育的负向构造,始终属岛弧系的一部分. 相似文献
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5.
琉球海沟构造地貌 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
琉球海沟位于西北太平洋,与琉球岛弧和冲绳海槽同属于一个沟弧盆体系。它紧贴琉球岛弧东侧,与琉球岛弧平行延伸,长约１３５０ｋｍ,水深５０００～６０００ｍ,最大水深７８８１ｍ。其地貌明显地受构造因素控制。中新世以来,西北菲律宾海板块插入亚洲板块之下,琉球岛弧隆起,形成不对称的“Ｖ”型深海沟。海沟西坡（岛坡）陡,并受众多的横断裂切割,坡上有众多的北西—南东向的海底沟谷,还有北东—南西向的陡崖。坡间水深１５００～４０００ｍ之间为宽阔的由玄武岩质火山岩构成的阶地面,其上有浊流沉积。岛坡经多个陡崖,急倾至海沟底。东坡（洋坡）缓,是西北菲律宾海板块向琉球岛弧下插的一边,与大洋盆地相连。海沟的轴部是菲律宾海板块和欧亚板块俯冲会聚边界。由于断裂的割切,致使海沟底地貌复杂化。只在琉球海沟的中段,海沟深度超过６０００～７０００ｍ处深海沟构造地貌特征最为典型。 相似文献
6.
褶皱调节断裂是一种在褶皱发育过程中形成的、与构造和地层位置有关的、调节应力变化的二级断裂。最常见的褶皱调节断裂有四种类型。伸出向斜的逆冲断裂和进入背斜的逆冲断裂主要是由褶皱核部不断增加的地层曲率所引起的，虽然层面方向不同级别的差异应力也影响了断裂的断距。根据主要褶皱动力学演化机制的不同，这些逆冲断裂可以沿不对称褶皱的陡翼或缓翼延伸，也可以沿对称褶皱的枢纽延伸。楔状逆冲断裂主要是由于刚性地层中相邻地层之间层面方向的刺穿应力变化而形成的。翼部楔主要表现为断弯褶皱或断倾褶皱的上盘和，或下盘，而枢纽楔则主要表现为趋于加厚刚性较强的地层的多重嵌套断裂。前翼逆冲断裂和后翼逆冲断裂具有一系列的形成机制。前翼空间调节逆冲断裂是一种断距较小的逆冲断裂，它所调节的是由褶皱核部不断增加的地层曲率所引起的应力不连续性。前翼切变逆冲断裂形成于褶皱作用的晚期，主要成因是褶皱陡倾前翼的地层旋转和平行于层面的拉张作用。大多数的后翼逆冲断裂均起源于伸出向斜的逆冲断裂。最终，这些断裂还可以与前翼逆冲断裂一起组成前翼-后翼逆冲断裂。背冲断裂所调节的是断裂相关褶皱形成过程中的上盘应力，它们可以形成于刚性地层之中，还可以以主逆冲断裂的发育速度穿过地层。虽然褶皱调节断裂是一种二级构造，但是，它们却是确定褶皱-逆冲断裂构造中构造圈闭的几何形态及规模的重要因素。因此，在解释褶皱和逆冲断裂带的构造几何形态时，对这些构造进行的准确成图将是非常关键的。 相似文献
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前人为研究大陆地壳的演化过程已作过了许多的研究。有人提出，导致陆壳增生的机制之一是岛弧岩浆作用。在Reymer(利迈尔)和Schuert(斯科波特)发表的《构造(第三卷)》(1984)的第63页中指出．他们计算出了因岛弧岩浆作用而导致陆壳增生的附加增生率。结果表明。岛弧岩浆作用正以平均20～40km^3／km／Myr的速度产生物质(沿着岛弧走向每单位宽度的体积)。这次研究工作主要是利用了世界最新的海洋重力资料和一些西太平洋地区洋岛弧经技术改进而获得的地震资料。综合运用这些资料，可获得洋岛弧之下更精确的图像和由岛弧岩浆作用过程中形成的壳源体积精确估计值。研究中对洋岛弧的调查后表明，地壳厚度的分布深度为20～30km。根据这一厚度。由此就可以估算每个岛弧的相应地壳体积了。通过岛弧俯冲起初阶段地壳体积的划分．可以得到岛弧岩浆以30～95km^3／km／Myr的附加增生率增长。本文的估计值几乎接近于原先岛弧岩浆附加增生率的两倍。 相似文献
8.
我国东部海区及邻域1:1 000 000地质地球物理系列图将于2008年底出版,区域构造图是其中的主要专业图件之一。讨论了该专业图件的编图方法、地质构造单元的划分方法和主要地质构造单元。首次对黄海东海区进行了全面剥皮编图,剥去了Q+N2地层。对于沉积盆地用等厚度线表示出了新生界的厚度。地质构造单元划分方法是以板块构造理论为指导并以现今的构造特征为主要划分依据。板块内构造单元的划分是在总结国内外多种构造单元划分方法的基础上进行了修改完善,完成了对我国东部海区及邻域的地质构造单元的划分。区内一级构造单元为板块(太平洋板块、欧亚板块和菲律宾海板块),二级构造单元为构造域(东亚大陆构造域、东亚大陆边缘构造域和西太平洋构造域)。西太平洋构造域主要包括太平洋板块的西部及菲律宾海板块。欧亚板块在该区的部分可分为东亚大陆边缘构造域和东亚大陆构造域。东亚大陆边缘构造域由日本琉球岛弧、冲绳海槽弧后盆地、日本海弧后盆地等次级构造单元构成。东亚大陆构造域在该区内由中朝地块、扬子地块、华南地块等次级构造单元构成。各地块又可划分出盆地、隆褶带、隆起区等多个次一级地质构造单元。最低一级的地质构造单元为凸起和凹陷。 相似文献
9.
冲绳海槽弧后扩张证据及关键问题探讨 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
在冲绳海槽区采用国内最新勘测的多波束数据构建高分辨率的DTM(Digital Terrain Model),选择典型海区绘制了相应的三维海底形态图件,并在此图件基础上定量分析了冲绳海槽典型构造地貌形态：海底峡谷、海山、构造洼地和构造台地,统计分析表明冲绳海槽存在近似平行和近似垂直海槽轴向两种走向的构造地貌单元。对构造地貌的成因机制进行了推测,认为菲律宾板块和欧亚板块间的相互作用是产生与海槽走向垂直的构造形态和弧后扩张的动力源,而弧后扩张则产生了沿海槽走向分布的线性海山和雁行排列的构造洼地。在中部和南部海槽这两种作用力交织在一起,产生两类海底地貌形态共存的构造格局。对目前关于冲绳海槽构造研究的几个关键问题进行了探讨,阐述并支持了冲绳海槽弧后盆地扩张成因的观点;定量估算了冲绳海槽三幕构造运动的方向、扩张量和半速率;从动力学角度阐述了沟-弧-盆体系的形成演化过程;阐述了冲绳海槽三幕构造运动的演化过程和特征：中新世的拱顶、断陷,上新世—早更新世的被动拉张,晚更新世—全新世后的主动弧后扩张。三幕构造运动的方向、特征和动力机制明显不同,运动方向的多次改变导致海槽内多种走向构造地貌的存在。近代的海槽扩张有明显活跃和加速趋势。 相似文献
10.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(1)
俯冲侵蚀是一种将地壳及岛弧物质从弧前搬运走的地质过程,会导致弧前物质的缺失,这种地质过程普遍地出现在汇聚型板块边缘。雅浦海沟位于加罗林板块与菲律宾海板块之间,是一个活跃的俯冲带。利用2015年中科院海洋所在西太平洋雅浦海采集的最新的多波束和地震数据,给出了雅浦海沟发生俯冲侵蚀的直接证据:(1)雅浦海沟具有异常短的沟弧间距(41km);(2)海沟呈不对称的"V"字形,增生楔缺失;(3)俯冲板片基底起伏程度大,加罗林洋底高原上洋脊、海山、地垒地堑构造发育;(4)海沟内壁斜坡较陡,弧前斜坡坡度的平均值约8.69°,雅浦海沟的弧前增生楔缺失。揭示了雅浦海沟南北两侧俯冲侵蚀模式的差异,北部的俯冲侵蚀主要由于洋底高原上地垒地堑与上覆板块的摩擦造成,板块之间可能不是直接接触,存在"剥蚀带";南部的俯冲侵蚀主要由于洋底高原上的海山与上覆板块的摩擦造成,板块之间可能是直接接触的。 相似文献
11.
Ling Chen Limei Tang Jichao Yang Xiaohu Li Wei Wang Fengyou Chu Jie Zhang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(11):147-161
We present major and trace element data of lava recovered from the northern Yap Trench in the western Pacific and discuss their petrogenesis and tectonic implications within the framework of interactions between the Caroline Ridge and Yap Trench. Rocks were collected from both landward and seaward trench slopes and exhibited geochemical characteristics similar to backarc basin basalt (BABB) and mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), including high Fe content, tholeiitic affinity, high TiO2 value at a given FeOT/MgO ratio, Ti/V ratio between 20 and 50, low Ba/Nb ratio and Th/Nb ratio, and trace element patterns commonly displayed by BABB and MORB, which are distinct from arc lava. These rocks seem to have been generated during mantle upwelling and decompression melting at a spreading center. However, compared with typical forearc lava produced by seafloor spreading in the Mariana forearc region, such as the early Eocene forearc basalts and late Neogene forearc lava in the southernmost Mariana Trench, the Yap Trench lava is derived from a more fertile mantle and feature a more minor subduction component; thus, they cannot be the products of forearc mantle decompression melting. We suggest that the landward slope lava represents backarc basin crust that was overthrust onto the forearc lithosphere during the collision of the Caroline Ridge with the Yap Trench (20–25 Ma), which played a key role in the evolution of the Yap subduction system. Moreover, the seaward slope lava represents the subduction plate crust that accreted onto the deep trench during the collision. This collision event resulted in the cessation of Yap Arc magmatism; thus, the Yap Trench volcanic rocks (<25 Ma) previously suggested to be arc magma products may actually represent the nascent island arc lava with a lower subduction component than in the mature Mariana Arc lava. 相似文献
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A series of elongated hills on the outer continental shelf off northern Israel, between 100 and 120 m, rise several meters
above their surroundings. They have steep escarpments seaward and gradual slopes landward. The escarpments are commonly covered
by colonies of sponges. The biogenic cover is normally 1.0–1.5 m thick. The gentle slopes commonly consist of soft, unconsolidated
sediment, although some bedrock outcrops occur. Stratification patterns along these outcrops suggest calcareous eolianite
(“kurkar”). Coquina was encountered in several sites at the base of the biogenic cover, built of fragments of shells not observed
at the present depth. The eolianite, coquina, and steep escarpments suggest a late Pleistocene nearshore terrace. 相似文献
14.
菲律宾海的地势特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
菲律宾海位于西太平洋大陆边缘,它的周边被岛弧和深海沟所环绕,海域内有数条近南北向的构造脊。近南北向和近东西向的构造将菲律宾海海底地势分割成不同的部分,构成明显不同的地势特征:(1)深海沟呈链状环绕着海域周边分布。(2)近南北向的九州 帛琉海岭将海底分成东西两半,东半部主要是岛弧区,西半部主要是海盆区。(3)海脊与岛弧呈近南北向伸展并贯穿全区,海脊与岛弧之间为海盆。海盆底多为丘状起伏,并有轻度切割。(4)海岭、海台呈块状分布在海盆之上,长垣分布在菲律宾海沟的东侧。(5)岛弧周围分布有岛架和岛坡地势。菲律宾海的地势特征和它的构造特征相一致。 相似文献
15.
Multichannel seismic reflection profiles across the Sunda Trench slope off central Sumatra reveal details of subduction zone structure. Normal faults formed on the outer ridge of the trench offset deep strate and the oceanic crust, but die out upsection under the trench sediments. At the base of the inner trench slope, shallow reflectors are tilted seaward, while deeper reflectors dip landward parallel to the underlying oceanic crustal reflector. Intermediate depth reflectors can be traced landward through a seaward-dipping monocline. We interpret this fold as the shallow expression of a landward-dipping thrust fault at depth. Landward of this flexure, relatively undeformed strata have been stripped off the oceanic plate, uplifted 700 meters, and accreted to the base of the slope. The oceanic crust is not involved in the deformation at the toe of the slope, and it can be observed dipping landward about 25 km under the toe of the accretionary prism.The middle portion of the trench slope is underlain by deformed accreted strata. Shallow reflectors define anticlinal structures, but coherent deep reflectors are lacking. Reflectors 45 to 55 km landward of the base of the slope dip 4°-5° landward beneath a steep slope, suggesting structural imbrication.A significant sediment apron is absent from the trench slope. Instead, slope basins are developed in 375–1500 m water depths, with an especially large one at about 1500 m water depth that is filled with more than 1.1 seconds of relatively undeformed sediments. The seaward flank of the basin has recently been uplifted, as indicated by shallow landward-dipping reflectors. Earlier periods of uplift also appear to have coincided with sedimentation in this basin, as indicated by numerous angular unconformities in the basin strata.Contribution of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, new series. 相似文献
16.
基于历史海图、历史时期卫星遥感影像、2019年实测水下地形和潮流、波浪数值模拟成果,研究该海域岸滩的发育演变背景、海床和岸线自然冲淤动态、动力泥沙环境及岸滩冲淤动力机制。采用LITLINE岸线演变数学模型,模拟计算了不同离岸距离和不同平面形态人工岛布置型式对近岸岸线变形的影响,岸滩泥沙动力机制和岸滩演变趋势表明,人工岛实施后近岸最大潮流流速小于近岸泥沙起动流速,不具备起动近岸岸滩泥沙的基本条件; SSE向波浪作用时,人工岛西北侧波高明显减弱,波向西偏; S向波浪作用时,人工岛北侧波高明显减弱; SSW向波浪作用时,人工岛东北侧波高明显减弱,波浪传播方向东偏;波浪场改变后人工岛掩护区东西两侧岸滩附近泥沙分别具有向东和向西运移至人工岛掩护区的趋势,形成掩护区的淤积和东西两侧岸线冲刷。 相似文献
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Jackson O. Blanton Harvey Seim Clark Alexander Julie Amft Gail Kineke 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2003,57(5-6):993-1006
This study describes the transport of salt and suspended sediment in a curving reach of a shallow mesotidal coastal plain estuary. Circulation data revealed a subtidal upstream bottom flow during neap tide, indicating the presence of a gravitational circulation mode throughout the channel. During spring tide, landward bottom flow weakened considerably at the upstream end of the channel and changed to seaward in the middle and downstream areas of the reach, suggesting the importance of tidal pumping. Salt flux near-bottom was landward at both ends of the channel during neap tide. At spring, however, the salt flux diverged along the bottom of the thalweg suggesting that tidal pumping caused a transfer of salt vertically and laterally into the intertidal zone. Thus, landward flux of salt is maintained even in the presence of subtidal seaward flow along the bottom at the downstream end of the channel.Landward bottom stress is greater than seaward stress, preferentially transporting suspended sediments upstream. Compared with salt, however, the weight of the suspended sediments causes less upward transfer of sediments into the intertidal zone. Flood flow carried more suspended sediments landward at the upstream end compared with the downstream end. We speculate that secondary flow in the curving channel picks up increasing amounts of suspended sediments along the sides during flood and adds them to the axial flow in the thalweg. Since the landward flow along the bottom of the thalweg weakens and even reverses during spring tide, there appears to be a complex re-circulation system for sediments re-suspended in curving channels that complicates the picture of a net transport of sediments landward. 相似文献
18.
南沙群岛珊瑚岛礁众多,大多数岛礁具有向海坡陡峭、外礁坪比较平缓的特征。将南沙群岛岛礁的迎浪向地形概化为陡坡和缓坡组成的双斜坡,采用FUNWAVE-TVD模式数值模拟概化地形上的波浪,根据模拟的破碎波高分析其拍岸浪特征。对拍岸浪数值模拟结果进行比较分析,向海坡的坡度对拍岸浪影响不大,外礁坪上拍岸浪高随地形坡度增大而略有增大;向海坡和外礁坪交界位置(即坡折点)水深对拍岸浪有比较明显的影响,拍岸浪高随坡折点水深增大而减小;拍岸浪高随入射波高和波周期增大而增大。利用大量的拍岸浪数值模拟数据对国内外5种统计模型进行检验,并且基于拍岸浪数值模拟数据建立了3种南沙群岛岛礁拍岸浪统计模型,计算结果显示这些模型适用性较好。 相似文献
19.
Geological Characteristics and Distribution of Submarine Physiographic Features in the Taiwan Region
《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(3-4):139-153
The sea floor topography around Taiwan is characterized by the asymmetry of its shallow and flat shelves to the west and markedly deep troughs and basins to the south and east. Tectonics and sedimentation are major controls in forming the submarine physiographic features around Taiwan. Three Pliocene-Quaternary shelves are distributed north and west of Taiwan: East China Sea Shelf (passive margin shelf), the Taiwan Strait Shelf (foreland shelf), and Kaoping Shelf (island shelf) from north to south parallel to the strike of Taiwan orogen. Off northeastern Taiwan major morpho/tectonic features associated with plate subduction include E-W trending Ryukyu Trench, Yaeyama accretionary wedge, forearc basins, the Ryukyu Arcs, and the backarc basin of southern Okinawa Trough. Off eastern Taiwan lies the deep Huatung Basin on the Philippine Sea plate with a relatively flat floor, although several large submarine canyons are eroding and crossing the basin floor. Off southeastern Taiwan, the forearc region of the Luzon Arc has been deformed into five alternating N-S trending ridges and troughs during initial arc-continent collision. Among them, the submarine Hengchun Ridge is the seaward continuation of the Hengchun peninsula in southern Taiwan. Off southwestern Taiwan, the broad Kaoping Slope is the major submarine topographic feature with several noticeable submarine canyons. The Penghu Canyon separates this slope from the South China Sea Slope to the west and merges southwards into the Manila Trench in the northern South China Sea. Although most of sea floors of the Taiwan Strait are shallower than 60?m in water depth, there are three noticeable bathymetric lows and two highs in the Taiwan Strait. There exists a close relationship between hydrography and topography in the Taiwan Strait. The circulation of currents in the Taiwan Strait is strongly influenced by seasonal monsoon and semidiurnal tides. The Penghu Channel-Yunchang Ridge can be considered a modern tidal depositional system. The Taiwan Strait shelf has two phases of development. The early phase of the rift margin has developed during Paleoocene-Miocene and it has evolved to the foreland basin in Pliocene-Quaternary time. The present shelf morphology results mainly from combined effects of foreland subsidence and modern sedimentation overprinting that of the Late Pleistocene glaciation about 15,000 years ago. 相似文献
20.
Okinawa Trough genesis: structure and evolution of a backarc basin developed in a continent 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Okinawa marginal basin was opened by crustal extension into the Asian continent, north of the Taiwan collision zone. It is located behind the Ryukyu Trench subduction zone and the Ryukyu active volcanic arc. If we except the Andaman Sea, the Okinawa Trough is the only example of marginal backarc basin type, opened into a continent at an early stage of evolution. Active rifting and spreading can be observed. Synthesis of siesmic reflection, seismic refraction, drilling, dredging and geological field data has resulted in interpretative geological cross sections and a structural map of the Ryukyu-Okinawa area. The main conclusions of the reconstruction of this backarc basin/volcanic arc evolution are. (1) Backarc rifting was initiated in the volcanic arc and propagated along it during the Neogene. It is still active at both ends of the basin. Remnants of volcanic arc are found on the continental side of the basin. (2) There was synchronism between opening and subsidence of the Okinawa Trough and tilting and subsidence of the forearc terrace. The late Miocene erosional surface is now 4000 m below sea-level in the forearc terrace, above the trench slope. Retreat and subsidence of the Ryukyu trench line relative to the Asian continental plate, could be one of the causes of tilting of the forearc and extension in the backarc area. (3) A major phase of crustal spreading occurred in Pliocene times 1.9 My ago in the south and central Okinawa Trough. (4) En échelon rifting and spreading structures of the central axes of the Okinawa Trough are oblique to the general trend of the arc and trench. The Ryukyu arc sub-plate cannot be considered as a rigid plate. Rotation of 45° to 50° of the southern Ryukyu arc, since the late Miocene, is inferred. The timing and kinematic evolution of the Taiwan collision and the south Okinawa Trough opening suggest a connection between these two events. The indentation process due to the collision of the north Luzon Arc with the China margin could have provoked: lateral extrusion; clockwise rotation (45° to 50° according to palaeomagnetic data) and buckling of the south Ryukyu non-volcanic arc; tension in the weak crustal zone constituted by the south Ryukyu volcanic arc and opening of the south Okinawa Trough. Similar lateral extrusions, rotations, buckling and tensional gaps have been observed in indentation experiments. Additional phenomena such as: thermal convection, retreating trench model or anchored slab model could maintain extension in the backarc basin. Such a hypothetical collision-lateral backarc opening model could explain the initiation of opening of backarc basins such as the Mariana Trough, Bonin Trough, Parece Vela — Shikoku Basin and Sea of Japan. A new late Cenozoic palaeogeographic evolution model of the Philippine Sea plate and surrounding areas is proposed. 相似文献