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Kristin Kuntz-Duriseti 《Climatic change》2013,116(2):171-175
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Myanna Lahsen 《Climatic change》2013,119(3-4):547-558
As has been widely documented, lavishly funded media campaigns by political and financial elites and corporations with vested interests against climate policy are a central instigator of the climate backlash and a threat to democratic processes. However, it would behoove the environmental coalition, including sympathizing academics, to reflect on how they help create conditions that enable and magnify the impact of the backlash campaigns and incidents such as Climategate. This editorial argues that prevalent idealized understandings of science increase public vulnerability to backlash campaigns, and that academic analysts reinforce these understandings when they avoid to perform critical analyses of the science and scientists promoting concern about climate change. 相似文献
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Regulating knowledge monopolies: the case of the IPCC 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Richard S. J. Tol 《Climatic change》2011,108(4):827-839
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has a monopoly on the provision of climate policy advice at the international
level and a strong market position in national policy advice. This may have been the intention of the founders of the IPCC.
I argue that the IPCC has a natural monopoly, as a new entrant would have to invest time and effort over a longer period to
perhaps match the reputation, trust, goodwill, and network of the IPCC. The IPCC is a not-for-profit organization, and it
is run by nominal volunteers. It therefore cannot engage in the price-gouging that is typical of monopolies. However, the
IPCC has certainly taken up tasks outside its mandate. The IPCC has been accused of haughtiness. Innovation is slow. Quality
may have declined. And the IPCC may have used its power to hinder competitors. There are all things that monopolies tend to
do, against the public interest. The IPCC would perform better if it were regulated by an independent body which audits the
IPCC procedures and assesses its performance; if outside organizations would be allowed to bid for the production of reports
and the provision of services under the IPCC brand; and if policy makers would encourage potential competitors to the IPCC. 相似文献
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吴建民 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(1):48-52
从气候变化的角度看,2007年是具有里程碑意义的一年。无论从科学领域的最新研究成果,还是到人们的切身感受,或者到国际社会讨论的焦点问题以及应对气候变化的具体行动,2007年都将当之无愧地成为"气候变化年"。 相似文献
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吴建民 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(01):48-52
从气候变化的角度看,2007年是具有里程碑意义的一年。无论从科学领域的最新研究成果,还是到人们的切身感受,或者到国际社会讨论的焦点问题以及应对气候变化的具体行动,2007年都将当之无愧地成为"气候变化年"。 相似文献
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Mike Hulme 《Climatic change》2014,126(3-4):273-278
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Gisèle Schmid 《Climate Policy》2013,13(6):722-740
Technology transfer is not an explicit objective of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). However, it constitutes a potential co-benefit by helping to improve living conditions in developing countries. Understanding the drivers and barriers of technology transfer in CDM projects is therefore essential to direct investment flows in host countries and enhance the current CDM framework. In this respect, the contribution of this article is twofold. First, it identifies stepping stones and stumbling blocks to technology transfer in the CDM. Higher applied tariff rates on environmental goods and services as well as burdensome administrative procedures to start a new business are found to be negatively associated with the likelihood of a technology transfer. The results are robust to the exclusion of large host countries such as China and India from the sample. Second, as an extension, the article analyses the correspondence of these supporting factors and barriers with the likelihood of a transfer of the different types of technology (equipment, knowledge, or both). The article concludes with policy recommendations for non-Annex I governments, and suggestions for improvements to the CDM to better assess technology transfer in offsetting projects. 相似文献
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A. Jansá 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1987,36(1-4):201-214
Summary On April 16, 1985 very fortunate circumstances allowed a satellite picture to show many significant mesoscale details in the spatial distribution of the Mistral-Tramuntana wind system.In order to interpret the picture shown, there is a discussion about brightness of the sea, as viewed from satellite, according to astronautical and astronomical conditions and assuming the wave profile to be a parameter.Climatological studies (including a new one related to the Balearic Islands zone), synoptic charts and the result of a wind field diagnosis model are compared with the satellite picture.
With 11 Figures 相似文献
Verteilung des Mistrals: Eine Satellitenbeobachtung
Zusammenfassung Am 16. April 1985 ermöglichten es glückliche Umstände, daß auf einem Satellitenbild viele wichtige mesoskalige Details der räumlichen Verteilung des Mistral-Tramuntana-Windsystems zu sehen waren.Um das Bild interpretieren zu können, wird die Helligkeit des Meeres, wie es vom Satelliten gesehen wird, entsprechend den astronautischen und astronomischen Bedingungen diskutiert. Das Wellenprofil wird dabei als Parameter angenommen.Klimatologische Untersuchungen (einschließlich einer neuen des Gebiets der Balearen), synoptische Karten und das Ergebnis eines Windfelddiagosemodells werden mit dem Satellitenbild verglichen.
With 11 Figures 相似文献
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Simon D. Donner 《Climatic change》2007,85(3-4):231-236
She [the earth] belongs to men as the sky belongs to God. –Plinius Secondus, Natural History Each year in the Fijian village of Matacawlevu on the island of the same name, the people hold a festival to celebrate the planting of crops. There is food, music and no shortage of kava. But the most important part of the festival is a church service where the local minister leads the village in prayers for good weather and a strong harvest. According to Fijian religious tradition, a mix of Methodism and animism typical of the South Pacific, proper prayer assures that the rains will come. In the event of a drought, people blame either each other for not being devout, or blame the minister for failing to properly deliver the people’s message. The tradition of the planting festival masks a sophisticated system of land management that has sustained indigenous people in Fiji and across many islands in Polynesia and Melanesia for centuries. In Matacawalevu, the Chief’s decision to sanction planting is based upon years of experience and the advice of a villager trained in agronomy. Crops are rotated and selected land is left fallow to maintain soil fertility. The village’s agricultural practices follow directly from a deeply held belief that people exert control over land. The weather, however, is up to God. 相似文献
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In this modelling study, the teleconnections of ENSO are studied using an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM), HadAM3. The influence of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) remote from the tropical Pacific but teleconnected with ENSO is investigated. Composite cycles of El Niño and La Niña SSTs are created and imposed on HadAM3. These SSTs are imposed in different areas, with climatological SSTs elsewhere, in order to find the influences of SSTs in different regions. It is found that most of the reproducible response to ENSO is forced directly from the tropical Pacific before the peak of the event. However, during the peak and decay of ENSO, remote SSTs become increasingly influential throughout the tropics (at the 98% significance level). This could lead to extended ENSO-related predictability due to the memory of the remote oceans. The Indian Ocean and Maritime Continent SSTs are found to be particularly influential. Indian Ocean SSTAs dampen the teleconnections from the tropical Pacific and force the atmosphere above the tropical Atlantic. More generally, when a tropical SSTA is imposed, atmospheric anomalies are forced locally with anomalies of the opposite sign to the west. Some of the reproducible response to ENSO in the tropical Atlantic is forced, not directly from the tropical Pacific but from the Indian ocean, which in turn is forced by the tropical Pacific. Subsequently, delayed SSTAs in the tropical Atlantic damp the local response and force the atmosphere above the tropical Pacific in the opposite manner. 相似文献
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C. E. Hanson J. P. Palutikof M. T. J. Livermore L. Barring M. Bindi J. Corte-Real R. Durao C. Giannakopoulos P. Good T. Holt Z. Kundzewicz G. C. Leckebusch M. Moriondo M. Radziejewski J. Santos P. Schlyter M. Schwarb I. Stjernquist U. Ulbrich 《Climatic change》2007,81(1):163-177
This paper provides an overview of the aims, objectives, research activities undertaken, and a selection of results generated in the European Commission-funded project entitled “Modelling the Impact of Climate Extremes” (MICE) – a pan-European end-to-end assessment, from climate model to impact model, of the potential impacts of climate change on a range of economic sectors important to the region. MICE focussed on changes in temperature, precipitation and wind extremes. The research programme had three main themes – the evaluation of climate model performance, an assessment of the potential future changes in the occurrence of extremes, and an examination of the impacts of changes in extremes on six activity sectors using a blend of quantitative modelling and expert judgement techniques. MICE culminated in a large stakeholder-orientated workshop, the aim of which was not only to disseminate project results but also to develop new stakeholder networks, whose expertise can be drawn on in future projects such as ENSEMBLES. MICE is part of a cluster of three projects, all related to European climate change and its impacts. The other projects in the cluster are PRUDENCE (Prediction of Regional Scenarios and Uncertainties for Defining European Climate Change Risks and Effects) and STARDEX (Statistical and Regional Dynamical Downscaling of Extremes for European Regions). 相似文献
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首先阐述了美国、欧洲气象卫星组织(EUMETSAT)、日本静止气象卫星的发展历史,从自旋稳定到三轴稳定,从单一载荷到多载荷并行工作,新一代的静止气象卫星的时间、空间和光谱分辨率都大幅提高,然后重点介绍了我国静止气象卫星风云二号和风云四号,相比于自旋稳定的风云二号气象卫星,风云四号卫星的功能和性能实现了跨越式的发展,接着简单介绍了俄罗斯、印度和韩国等其他国家静止气象卫星的发展状况,最后总结了不同时期各国静止气象卫星的发展特点,这对我国后续静止气象卫星的规划和研制有重要参考意义。 相似文献
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Arthur Charpentier 《Climatic change》2011,109(3-4):261-261