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海底边坡失稳会给人类造成巨大危害,部分海底边坡失稳案例被证实与水合物分解有关。由于海底条件的复杂性,人们很难直接观察水合物分解引起的海底边坡失稳过程。数值模拟可以相对准确地预测水合物分解可能引起的海底边坡失稳状况。通过选用基于ABAQUS软件的有限元强度折减法,模拟海底边坡失稳的过程并得到相应结果,分析了水合物分解程度、水合物带上覆厚度、边坡角度等因素对海底边坡稳定性的影响。结果表明,正常情况下,塑性区首先在坡脚区域出现并逐渐向上发展至坡顶;当水合物分解达到一定程度后,塑性区首先出现在水合物带,随后自水合物带向上发展至坡顶,并和随后在坡脚出现的塑性区形成贯通边坡的塑性带。水合物埋藏越深,越有可能造成大规模的滑坡;边坡角度高于15°时,水合物分解会急剧促进边坡失稳。 相似文献
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基于船载多波束测深、浅地层剖面和深水浅层高分辨多道地震剖面等数据资料,以我国第一个深水气田—荔湾3-1气田海底管道路由区深水段(200m)为研究区,划分海底地形地貌分区,识别可能危害海底管道的地质灾害类型,分析其特征与分布规律。结果表明,研究区内主要地质灾害类型为海底峡谷、海底滑坡和滑塌、古珊瑚礁、海底沙波和大波痕、海底陡坎、断崖和陡坡、碎屑流沉积和浊流沉积等。其中,海底滑坡和滑塌在上陆坡和峡谷谷壁上十分发育,海底滑坡(滑塌)、古珊瑚礁和沙波(沙丘)等影响和威胁着海底管道的铺设与安全运行。 相似文献
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天然气水合物是一种赋存在海底沉积物孔隙中的清洁能源，含量巨大，具有很好的开发前景和研究价值。垂直井作为开采水合物的一种主要方式，在开采过程中，会改变天然气水合物沉积层的环境条件，随着开采井释放出大量的气体和水，在地层中形成超压，过高的孔隙压力会降低沉积物的胶结强度，破坏沉积层的稳定性，诱发海底滑坡。借助Flac3D软件建立高精度的海底斜坡模型，基于有限差分法对垂直多井动态开采水合物过程中的边坡稳定性进行了数值模拟，模拟了不同开采方案条件下采用多井开采，水合物分解量、开采井压变化等不同影响因素产生的地层力学响应和位移变化，基于安全系数法进对于水合物开采引起的边坡稳定性进行了初步分析。结果表明：多井开采条件下，随着水合物分解程度的不断增大，海底斜坡稳定性逐渐降低，当水合物分解程度达到80%时，安全系数会降低到1.0以下，边坡会失稳；随着井压的不断降低，海底斜坡稳定性同样逐渐降低，当开采井压降低到4 Mpa以下时，安全系数会降低到1.05以下，边坡变为欠稳定状态，存在发生海底滑坡的风险。 相似文献
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南海北部陆坡神狐海域峡谷地貌形态特征与成因 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用多波束水深及高分辨率数字单道地震测量手段,对南海北部陆坡神狐海域进行了精细地形和浅部地层结构探测,认为研究区存在4条海底峡谷及3条槽谷。其外形呈喇叭型或直线型,规模不等,长度为8～25km,宽度为1.5～4km,下切深度最大可达175m。研究区浅地层自下而上可划分为U1和U2两套层序。地层总体上以高频、强振幅、中—高连续、平行—亚平行反射地震相为主,但在峡谷区层序U2则以杂乱或低连续反射为特征。在详细分析峡谷与槽谷地貌形态及浅地层地震反射特征的基础上,对其成因进行了初步分析,研究表明神狐海域浅地层发育与天然气水合物有关的BSR及滑塌体,水合物的分解导致地层滑塌并发生塌陷,在NW向构造以及底流冲刷共同作用下,最终形成本区形态各异的峡谷及槽谷地貌。其形成时间推测为第四纪,属幼年期阶段。 相似文献
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以航道、港口海底管线为探测目标,以浅地层剖面(sub-bottom profile)探测技术为主要技术手段,结合SES2000系列浅地层剖面探测系统在近海航道、港口海底管线探测中的应用案例,探讨SBP探测技术在管线探测中的应用。就浅剖图像中的航道、港口海底埋深管线识别定位中存在的技术难题,提出了基于波路径的偏移处理定性分析法和基于信号分析的管道反射弧识别定量计算法进行管道埋深的分析与计算,结合DGPS导航系统可准确获取管线所在平面位置与埋深深度。对于航道适航安全、港口安全建设具有积极意义。 相似文献
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基于最新的高分辨率多波束全覆盖测深数据、单道地震和多道地震剖面数据,对南海北部陆坡一统峡谷群9条峡谷的地形地貌及沉积特征进行了分析:峡谷群自陆坡向深海盆方向呈聚敛型,横断面主要呈"V"型,谷壁对称发育,坡度较陡;研究区海底地层受多条断裂控制,呈典型阶梯状发育,海底断陷、重力滑塌面和小型滑坡体等海底不稳定地质灾害高度发育,说明峡谷群海底环境处于极不稳定状态。在研究区海底峡谷群地貌演化过程中,西沙海槽区域沉降等新生代构造运动控制着峡谷群地貌格局的形成;来自北部陆架的充足沉积碎屑物质的输入往往伴随着高密度浊流、海底滑坡、坍塌等海底灾害的发生,控制着峡谷群的进一步发育;相对海平面变化直接改变了研究区的沉积环境,为陆源碎屑物质的搬运提供了更加直接的通道,这也是诱发陆坡海底失稳、塑造峡谷群地貌特征的重要因素之一。 相似文献
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海底管道的位置与埋深测量通常采用浅地层剖面仪等声学手段来实现,由于海管与地层之间的声阻抗差异,会以绕射弧的形态出现在声学剖面中。但当海管埋设于管沟中时,管沟中断棱的绕射与海管绕射易于混淆,给声学剖面图的解译和识别带来困难。基于地震勘探原理,结合浅地层剖面仪的性能、挖沟作业对地层的扰动等,分析了管沟绕射弧的类型与特点、挖沟作业扰动的声学特征等,提出了管沟中海管绕射弧的识别方法。结果表明,正确认识不同类型管沟的绕射、施工扰动产生的绕射等声学特征,才能辨识出海管的绕射现象。实际工作中应根据测量海区的水深、土质、海管属性等多种要素,选用适宜的仪器类型及测量参数。 相似文献
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由沉溺珊瑚礁、各类胶结砂以及胶结的珊瑚石或贝壳碎屑等组成的硬质薄层通常呈零散状分布,地质取样难以准确确定它们是如何分布的,这给海底管线施工带来极大的困难和风险。本文以南海北部为例,基于多种物探资料并结合正演模拟,分析、总结了海底以及海底之下硬质薄层的声学特征,在研究区综合识别出23个硬质薄层分布区。研究认为,硬质薄层与松散沉积物物理性质的差异可用于声学探测数据识别和定位。在浅地层剖面上,硬质薄层表现为强反射薄层,并对其下方地层的地震反射信号有一定的屏蔽作用,这一现象有助于确定硬质薄层是否存在以及其埋深和位置。在侧扫声呐影像和后向散射强度图上,硬质薄层通常表现为具有不规则形状的明暗变化阴影,阴影的边界指示了硬质薄层的分布范围。当硬质薄层出露于海底时,侧扫影像、反向散射强度结合浅地层剖面可以有效地识别并确定硬质薄层的范围;而当硬质薄层位于海床浅部（埋深数米到十几米）时,浅地层剖面可能是识别硬质薄层的唯一且最有效的方法。 相似文献
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The existence of a slope equilibrium profile has been widely used to account for erosional and depositional processes on submarine slopes and turbidite systems. Profiles out-of-equilibrium are commonly observed in actively deforming areas where channels seem to be deflected or diverted by seafloor structures. In this study the concept of the submarine equilibrium profile is tested in an area of extensive surface faulting to examine whether channels adopt an equilibrium-type profile through time. The study area is on the slope of the Nile Delta, which is disrupted by a number of surface-rupturing normal faults. Prior to fault linkage, several submarine channels flowed down the slope and either utilised relay ramps or flowed through fault scarps of the fault array. Where a relay ramp had been utilised, post fault linkage, the channels of the area either avulsed or converged into one major channel in response to a change in the deformed slope profile to a more concave shape. The thalweg of the post fault linkage channel and two slope profiles either side of it are measured in the area of the fault array, to understand how the channel evolved in response to the active faulting. When fault displacement is relatively small the combination of channel erosion and aggradation results in a channel thalweg profile near-equilibrium with predictable modifications of channel dimensions (depth and width) even if sediment supply was infrequent and episodic. It is concluded that turbidite channels can conform to the concept of equilibrium and submarine base level if it is the most energy efficient route for submarine gravity flows downslope. The most energy efficient route will be one where flows bypass the slope without eroding or depositing and move in a direct downslope course towards base level. 相似文献
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High-resolution Echo-sounding and Detection of Embedded Archaeological Objects with Nonlinear Sub-bottom Profilers 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Sub-bottom profilers based on nonlinear acoustics offer many advantages especially for detecting and locating embedded objects
in shallow waters. They have a narrow beam in spite of small transducers and virtually no side lobes. It is possible to realize
mobile low-frequent sub-bottom profilers, which transmit very short sound pulses. Excellent vertical as well as horizontal
resolutions at reasonable penetrations are proven benefits of using this technique. In this paper some technical aspects are
discussed and a new experimental nonlinear scanning sub-bottom profiler system is described. Results from a field trial in
archaeological prospection are shown to illustrate the successful application in practice. 相似文献
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波致海底缓倾角无限坡滑动稳定性计算分析探讨 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
波浪作用下海底无限坡滑动稳定性计算的极限平衡法中,忽略了坡体水平向应力状态的影响,为此,针对波浪作用下海底缓倾角无限边坡的特点,提出直接基于滑动面处土体应力状态的滑动稳定性计算方法(简称应力状态法),并分析了其适用范围。对具体算例的分析表明,应力状态法计算得出的安全系数大于极限平衡法的安全系数,且随着滑动面深度的增加、土体泊松比以及边坡坡角的增大,两种计算方法得出的安全系数的差异会逐渐增大;对于波浪作用下的海底缓倾角无限边坡,在失稳时极可能沿具有一定厚度的滑动带而不是单一的滑动面而滑动,且波致最大剪应力所在的深度,常常不是斜坡体最易失稳滑移的深度。 相似文献
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为探讨浅地层剖面声学影像形成原理,探索不同类型沉积物声学影像特征,厘清不同沉积物厚度的识别算法,采用模块化设计理念研发一套新型浅地层剖面仪室内试验平台。综合室内定位技术、浅剖试验平台尺寸合理性分析技术、直线轨道与换能器之间的固定连接技术和海底声学参数反演技术,形成一个试验高效的新型平台。通过铺设沉积物和布设障碍物,利用浅地层剖面仪进行走航测试,精确识别了沉积物的厚度和障碍物的位置。该平台可为开展理想环境下沉积物厚度和障碍物识别提供较好的测试环境,为声学海洋设备性能检测提供测试平台,也为高校学生和技术人员提供设备使用培训场所。 相似文献
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探测查明海砂分布及其资源量, 对海洋矿产资源规划和社会经济发展有重要意义。利用在中国台湾浅滩采集的单波束测深、侧扫声呐、浅地层剖面、单道地震等多源地球物理数据, 识别出海底沙脊、沙波、埋藏古河道等有利于海砂赋存的地貌标志, 以及厚泥盖层等不利标志, 它们在平面上渐变交错分布。地球物理数据与表层沉积物、钻孔岩心结果对比, 证实浅地层剖面能有效识别表层砂体上部和排除厚泥盖层(厚度>10m), 表层砂体上部呈断续中弱振幅杂乱反射; 单道地震剖面能有效识别砂-泥地层界面, 垂向上刻画表层及埋藏砂体形态, 砂体最主要的特征为连续性差的弱振幅反射中夹杂空白、杂乱的“白雾”反射。砂体响应特征反映了砂体声学较难穿透的特性, 同时也可能是砂体含气所致。分析表明在砂体形态多变或钻孔分布密度低时, 利用地球物理方法, 结合一定数量的钻孔岩心约束, 相比仅依靠大量钻孔岩心, 可更为经济、高效地对砂体的垂向形态和平面展布进行精细刻画, 从而有利于更准确地估算海砂的资源量。 相似文献
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Along the southeastern Tyrrhenian Sea margin, the Gioia Basin formed as a result of extensional tectonics at the rear of the Maghrebian thrust belt. In the central part of the basin, mass-transport deposits represent up to 80% of its recent infill. The basin-wide Nicotera slump is the deepest mass-transport deposit present in the basin and was followed by sheet turbidite deposition. Above the turbidite package, a mass-transport complex (MTC) formed through the stacking of different mass-transport deposits due to repeated failures of the continental slope and of a base of slope channel levee wedge, which is still preserved in the western side of the basin. The Villafranca frontally-confined slide, a body mainly consisting of coherent blocks, represents the bulk of the MTC. The failure of the Villafranca slide was due to asymmetric loading of a permeable condensed horizon in the thinnest, distal lateral part of the channel levee wedge. The relatively large thickness of the Villafranca slide caused it to remain confined at its toe region. Smaller scale mass-transport deposits, a debris-flow sheet and a debris-flow lobe, followed the Villafranca slide and were sourced from the same headwall area. Their different run out and internal character are possibly a function of the lithology of the material involved in the collapse. A slab slide, characterized by little internal deformation and frontal contractional ridges, originated when seafloor instability propagated towards the north, causing clockwise rotation of a sediment wedge. Along the linear headwall of the slab slide, a localized upslope failure propagation is shown by a small scale re-entrant. The Sicilian margin, along which the Gioia Basin develops, is characterized by strong differential vertical movements due to ongoing extensional tectonics. The effects of both local and regional strong earthquakes are frequently felt in the area. Thus, slope oversteepening and earthquakes are suggested as the more likely causes for the observed repeated events of seafloor failure. In addition, an evolution of the MTC through larger slides controlled by the migration of uplift of the basin bounding submarine ridge, followed by smaller scale failures due to the consequent slope profile modification, is here advanced. 相似文献
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Danilo Morelli Angela Cuppari Ester Colizza Francesco Fanucci 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2011,32(1-2):139-149
The aim of this work is to describe the morpho-dynamic processes of coastal and submarine areas based on morpho-bathymetric data and sub-bottom acoustic profiles from the Calabrian Ionian margin (from Capo Spartivento to Capo Rizzuto). We describe some of the most significant geo-hazard features and show some examples of their complex interactions and related potential risk. The relationship between these geo-hazard features and the active tectonics and some severe historical earthquakes and tsunamis is also discussed. The studied area is characterized by several well developed canyon systems. The retrogressive erosion of the canyon heads affects the continental shelf and interacts with the coastal morpho-sedimentary processes, evidencing the intense geomorphic activity of this sector of Ionian margin. The widespread evidence of mass wasting processes and slope instability, together with the historical seismicity, makes this area also an ideal case study for investigating on the possible relationship between earthquakes and landslide-triggered tsunamis and assessing the potential risk. 相似文献