共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
1.
区块链技术是比特币平台的底层技术,由于其具有透明性、不可伪造性、不可更改性等特点,被广泛应用于虚拟货币、供应链等系统中.然而,大部分区块链平台,如比特币平台,面临包括自私挖矿在内的诸多问题,这将直接导致比特币并不安全,从而严重影响区块链的发展.自私挖矿是一种比特币挖掘策略,它是指自私矿工选择性地发布之前的隐匿的区块从而获得比诚实矿工更多的额外收益.本文在模拟诚实矿工挖矿实验基础上,重点研究自私挖矿情况下矿工的最佳相对收益.采用中心极限定理和节点状态转化图建立了两个节点分布概率模型,再运用马尔可夫随机过程和函数极值法依次求得两个模型下的最佳收益.同时设计并进行自私挖矿模拟实验,得出自私挖矿中节点算力和收益的关系,从而进一步验证模型的合理性. 相似文献
2.
区块链技术提供了一种在开放环境中存储数据、执行交易和处理业务的新方法,具有去中心化、防篡改等优势.从以比特币为代表的1.0时代,到以以太坊为代表的2.0时代,区块链技术已经对金融、物联网、供应链等行业产生了革命性的影响.然而由于技术和管理等方面的问题,目前区块链技术仍面临着很多安全挑战.首先,本文从信息安全、系统安全和隐私安全3个角度讨论了恶意信息攻击、51%攻击、智能合约攻击、拒绝服务攻击等8种区块链技术面临的攻击,分析了这些攻击的原理、执行过程和破坏性.接着,从以上3个角度详细讨论了智能矿池、Securify分析工具、混合技术、零知识证明等12种区块链安全保障技术,分析了这些安全保障技术的原理、执行过程、优点和局限性.最后,对区块链技术的未来研究方向进行了展望. 相似文献
3.
大数据背景下,如何充分利用数据分析、挖掘等方法有效发现传染病传播规律,对于疾病防控、个体的安全保护有着重要作用和意义.自愿接种是对群体获得广泛免疫和安全保护的有效方式.以往的研究中,个体根据以往传播过程中的患病风险或者收益来确定是否进行自愿接种,如个体与其邻近的邻居比较上一个季节获得的收益来决定是否采用邻居的策略,也就是说策略更新对于群体的安全保护至关重要.本文研究了不同的策略更新方式对自愿接种行为的影响.通过比较个体采用不同的策略更新方式所获得的群体平均接种比例、疾病暴发规模和社会总花费,研究并设计出合理的策略更新方式,即在花费成本比较低的情况下,获得比较大的群体平均接种比例和较小的疾病覆盖率. 相似文献
4.
浅谈网络环境下我校图书馆流通服务工作 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析了网络环境给图书馆流通服务带来的服务模式、服务内容和馆员角色的变化,讨论了在网络环境下,我校图书馆开展流通服务创新,提高馆员素质的途径。通过转变观念,注重馆员综合素质的提高,主动适应时代的发展,向读者提供多样化、全方位的服务。 相似文献
5.
本文考虑了非连通通信模式下互联网网络的带宽资源优化分配问题,其目标是使得网络中每个节点独立地将流量以最优方式分配给给定的一个或多个下一跳节点.注意到用户在使用某些应用时有非弹性的服务需求,故将网络效用函数建模为非凹的函数.最大化一类非凹的效用函数,也就是要解决非凸的优化问题.为了解决上述问题,本文设计了一个序列的优化问题,该序列的优化问题的解会收敛到原问题的最优解.基于上述优化问题,设计了一种分布式的流量分配算法.本文中的结果是基于实分析和凸优化理论等理论得到的.应用本文的算法可以使得每个节点独立地更新流量分配策略,并且仅用到最少的局部信息.最后,通过数值仿真验证了算法的有效性. 相似文献
6.
移动互联网时代,人们在学习专业知识信息的方式越来越便捷的同时,学术论文抄袭、造假等问题也日益受到关注.而随着以比特币为主要代表的数字货币的出现,其底层用到的区块链技术也快速地进入人们的视线.本文根据区块链技术的去中心化、去信任、可追溯等特性,提出了一种基于区块链的论文评审及追溯系统.本系统在解决中心化的系统带来的高成本、安全性等问题的同时,对论文以及论文发布审核的过程进行检索、记录、存储,使得论文的发布检索审核等过程变得安全、可以追溯. 相似文献
7.
Alessio De ANGELIS Marco DIONIGI Paolo CARBONE Mauro MONGIARDO 车文荃 王清华 Franco MASTRI Giuseppina MONTI 《南京气象学院学报》2017,9(1):64-72
中程无线功率传输（WPT）可以采用几种不同的方式实现,如通过电感或电容耦合、谐振或非谐振网络实现.本文主要研究了通过感应耦合谐振器实现的WPT链路,而且只着重研究了利用2个谐振器的链路（直接链路）并工作在主谐振频率下的情况.研究结果表明,当工作在主谐振频率下,可以根据网络参数来对传输效率或负载功率进行优化. 相似文献
8.
基于网络的气象业务远程管理维护系统 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
为了解决基层气象台站业务人员的维护能力与气象业务发展之间差距越来越突出的矛盾,提高基层台站的业务运行质量,降低管理维护成本,开发了基干网络的气象业务远程管理维护系统.系统采用windOWS Socket网络技术和客户/服务器软件方式,以P2P方式实现了基于宽带网络的实时通信、远程屏幕共享、远程文件操作、系统状态查看、远程文件自动备份恢复的气象业务远程管理维护系统.通过宽带网络可以方便地对基层台站的业务运行微机进行远程管理和维护.实践证明,通过网络技术实现气象业务的远程运行管理维护是一种经济可行的实用方法,也为无人值守站的运行维护提供了一种管理维护方案. 相似文献
9.
海盐生产的降水塑苫决策分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过分析降水对卤水结晶的影响,得出了造成卤水淡化、化盐、毁池的降水量是逐级增大的结论,而化盐、毁池的降水量远大于塑苫的降水量,降水塑苫决策只考虑塑苫的降水量即可.利用等价原则,讨论了影响降水塑苫决策的主要因素,结果表明,塑苫成本、结晶池面积及原盐价格的变动对塑苫的降水量影响较小,塑苫的降水量主要与苫盖操作时间、降水持续时间、日蒸发量正相关.当操作时间一定时,塑苫的降水量由降水持续时间和日蒸发量决定.根据结晶池的塑苫情况,建立了两套降水塑苫决策方案. 相似文献
10.
近年来,由大量具有感知、计算和通信能力的微型传感器组成的传感器网络越来越广泛地应用在生产及生活的方方面面.另一方面,随着微电子及数字信号技术的发展,利用采样数据的离散化的数字控制器或滤波器被普遍使用.为了反映这个新兴领域的最新进展,本文对传感器网络环境中基于采样数据分布式滤波的研究展开了综述.首先,综述了传感器网络中几种分布式滤波方法的研究进展.然后,针对不同的采样方式,详细总结了采样数据系统的控制与滤波问题的研究工作.随后,对目前已有的传感器网络基于采样数据的分布式滤波的研究结果进行了介绍.最后,对传感器网络环境中基于采样数据的分布式滤波方面未来可能的研究课题进行了展望. 相似文献
11.
We analyze the sensitivity of the oceanic thermohaline circulation (THC) regarding perturbations in fresh water flux for a range of coupled oceanic general circulation — atmospheric energy balance models. The energy balance model (EBM) predicts surface air temperature and fresh water flux and contains the feedbacks due to meridional transports of sensible and latent heat. In the coupled system we examine a negative perturbation in run-off into the southern ocean and analyze the role of changed atmospheric heat transports and fresh water flux. With mixed boundary conditions (fixed air temperature and fixed surface fresh water fluxes) the response is characterized by a completely different oceanic heat transport than in the reference case. On the other hand, the surface heat flux remains roughly constant when the air temperature can adjust in a model where no anomalous atmospheric transports are allowed. This gives an artificially stable system with nearly unchanged oceanic heat transport. However, if meridional heat transports in the atmosphere are included, the sensitivity of the system lies between the two extreme cases. We find that changes in fresh water flux are unimportant for the THC in the coupled system. 相似文献
12.
Aixia Feng Zhiqiang Gong Qiguang Wang Guolin Feng 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2012,109(3-4):635-643
We introduce bilayer networks in this paper to study the coupled air–sea systems. Results show that the framework of bilayer networks is powerful for studying the statistical topology structure and dynamics in the fields of ocean and atmosphere. Based on bilayer networks, the inner and cross interactions of the sea surface temperature (SST) field and the height field are displayed, and the main three-dimensional air–sea interaction pattern is identified. The formation of the main pattern can be explained by the “gearing between the Indian and Pacific Ocean (GIP)” model; therefore, the pattern existence can be confirmed reliably. Furthermore, lead–lag analysis reveals the trigger processes of the “GIP”. That is, the anomalies of the tropical mid-eastern Pacific Ocean SST (TMEPO-SST) appear first; then, through the Walker circulation, the 850-hPa geopotential height over the Pacific Islands responds to the anomalies of the TMEPO-SST 2 months later; finally, the tropical Indian Ocean SST (TIO-SST) responds to the anomalies of the height 1 month later through the Asian monsoon circulation. Therefore, the impacts of the TMEPO-SST to the TIO-SST show 3 months later through the air–sea interactions between the components of the main three-dimensional air–sea interaction mode. The new framework uncovers already-known as well as other novel features of the air–sea systems and general circulation. The application of complex network theory and methodology to understand the complex interactions between the oceans and the atmosphere is promising. 相似文献
13.
l.IntroductionWaterPervadesallofthephysicalanddynamicstructureswithintheEarthclimatesys-temthroughamyriadofhydrologicalprocesses.Thehydrologicalcycleinfluencesclimateinavarietyofways,andthereexistsrobustwaterfluxexchangebetweenoceanandatmosphere(Zhouetal.,l999).Theexchangeoffreshwaterbetweenatmosphereandoceanthroughtheair-seainterfaceisoneoftheleastelementsunderstood,butnowisconsideredasoneofthemostimportantelementsoftheclimatesystem,esPeciallyforoceancirculationchangesondecadaltomillennialt… 相似文献
14.
Freshening of high latitude surface waters can change the large-scale oceanic transport of heat and salt. Consequently, atmospheric and sea ice perturbations over the deep water production sites excite a large-scale response establishing an oceanic "teleconnection" with time scales of years to centuries. To study these feedbacks, a coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice model consisting of a two dimensional atmospheric energy and moisture balance model (EMBM) coupled to a thermodynamic sea ice model and an ocean general circulation model is utilised. The coupled model reproduces many aspects of the present oceanic circulation. We also investigate the climate impact of changes in fresh water balance during an ice age initiation. In this experiment part of the precipitation over continents is stored within continental ice sheets. During the buildup of ice sheets the oceanic stratification in the North Atlantic is weakened by a reduced continental run-off leading to an enhanced thermohaline circulation. Under these conditions salinity is redistributed such that deep water is more saline than under present conditions. Once the ice sheets built up, we simulate an ice age climate without net fresh water storage on the continents. In this case the coupled model reproduces the shallow and weak overturning cell, an ice edge advance insulating the upper ocean, and many other aspects of the glacial circulation. 相似文献
15.
Irregular centennial oscillations, with a spectral peak at 106 years, were obtained from an ocean-ice coupled model for the North Atlantic with realistic coastline and bottom topography. The model’s thermohaline circulation is forced by mixed boundary conditions, i.e., a Haney-type relaxation condition for temperature, but an equivalent virtual salt flux condition for salinity. All forcing fields are taken from the observed monthly mean climatological wind stress and buoyancy fluxes. The oscillations appeared in the form of a surface-intensified tripole in both the sea surface temperature and salinity fields located in the vicinity of the Labrador Sea. The oscillations involve a delicate interplay between heat and fresh water advection by meridional overturning circulation, horizontal gyres, vertical convection, and the seasonal cycle. The oscillations are primarily control?led by the salinity component of the circulation; however, sea ice plays a minor role in driving the oscillations observed in the model. On the other hand, a regular seasonal cycle in the forcing fields is an important ingredient for the centennial oscillations. 相似文献
16.
提出了一个大雾预报的天气学模型，为了建立客观预报模式，必须把相应环流背景信息进行量化处理。该模式应用多种物理量来描述大雾发生前天气形势的变化，既便于量化又很容易实现预报的客观化和自动化。给出了物理量转换、组合计算方法，定向输送量概念对背景场的动态量化十分有效。应用BP神经网络建立大雾预报模型，选取的预报因子、预报指标可以较完整地描述形成大雾的整个背景场，包含的信息量大，业务应用效果明显。用于建模的神经网络设计和参数化方案对其他预报系统建设有借鉴意义。 相似文献
17.
This paper is mainly concerned with the understanding and attribution of the recent observed freshening trend in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean. From previous coupled model studies and an analysis of the long HadCM3 control simulation, it seems unlikely that this freshening trend is a direct consequence of anthropogenically forced climate change. It is shown in this paper that the subpolar North Atlantic can be freshened to the observed degree without invoking substantial large-scale surface freshwater flux changes. The source of freshening can come from a freshwater redistribution within the Arctic/subpolar North Atlantic. The redistribution (involving both liquid water and sea ice) is carried by a perturbed ocean circulation change in the subpolar seas and triggered by deep convection in the Labrador Sea. The freshening can be widespread but mainly in the north and northwest of the subpolar North Atlantic. A sustained 30–40 years freshening trend can be easily identified in specific locations such as the Labrador Sea or in the basin wide integral of freshwater storage. At the peak, the model subpolar North Atlantic can hold around 10,000 km3 of extra freshwater. An analysis of 1,400 years HadCM3 control simulation also reveals a good correlation between freshwater content anomalies and gyre transport in the subpolar North Atlantic on decadal timescales. A general mechanism involving circulation regime changes and freshwater redistribution between the subpolar North Atlantic and the Arctic/Nordic Seas is proposed, which can resolve a number of seemingly contradictory observed changes in the North Atlantic and contributes to the longer term goal of a full understanding of recent North Atlantic fresh water changes. 相似文献
18.
Barrier layer in the South China Sea during summer 2000 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Lili Zeng Yan Du Shang-Ping Xie Dongxiao Wang 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2009,47(1-3):38-54
Using temperature–salinity profiles obtained from a cruise in summer 2000, the structure and formation of the barrier layer (BL) in the South China Sea (SCS) are investigated. Fresh water flux, ocean circulation, and wind stirring are important for BL formation, depending on regions. In the eastern SCS, Philippine mountains induce heavy rainfall, resulting in a fresh water cap at the surface and the formation of a thick wide spread BL. In the northwestern basin on the lee of the Annam Cordillera range, by contrast, a rain shadow reduces fresh water flux, which along with wind-induced upwelling, prevents the BL forming. Southeast of Vietnam, a thick BL forms as the Mekong River plume is advected by the northeastward western boundary current and its offshore extension. In the southeastern basin, the surface water is mixed deeply under the strong southwesterly monsoon, unfavorable for the BL formation despite heavy rainfall. In the Luzon Strait, the east/southeastward surface Ekman drift carries fresh SCS surface water, riding on the intruding Kuroshio meander that carries well-mixed, warm and saline water. The vertical overlapping of these two water masses gives rise to a thick BL. 相似文献