共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):261-266
Because medical geography is a dynamic and developing area of thought, a number of conceptual and empirical problems are, as yet, relatively unexplored. This essay constitutes an attempt to delimit these problems, which include the application of geographical analysis to ascertaining disease causation, the prediction of future disease patterns and disease diffusion, and evaluation of the importance of maximizing geographical access to health care facilities. 相似文献
2.
《地理学报(英文版)》2016,(7)
Modern physical geography in China grew from Chinese traditional geography and has been profoundly influenced by the geographical disciplines of Euro-America and Russia. Since the 1950 s, integrated studies of physical geography in China have made remarkable progress in the fields of comprehensive physical geographical regionalization, land studies, landscape ecology, and land surface geographical processes. During the past few decades, under the background of global change and rapid socio-economic transformation, a series of environmental and resources problems have boomed in China. To solve these problems and promote the development of integrated studies of physical geography, the following issues were proposed as research priorities:(1) coupling of land surface patterns and processes;(2) integrated research on regional responses and adaptation to global change;(3) analysis of human dimensions of the earth system;(4) ecosystem service research from a geographical perspective;(5) integration of multi-source data and model development;(6) integrated studies on unique geographical units; and(7) important global issues and relevant international programs. 相似文献
3.
关于发展中国城市群GIS的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
城群GIS是适应城市群区域管治的需要,透过跨政府部门、跨行政区域的政府、企业、学术团体和公众之间的协作,共建和共享地理、人口、经济、资源等空间信息基础设施,发展多种多样的地理信息应用系统,服务于城市区域规划、环境保护、资源利用、大型基础设施建设、灾害防护方面的决策与行动。该文提出了城市群GIS概念,并探讨其功能和架构、关键技术、项目组织、系统实施问题,以期推动学术界对于跨组织、协作型城市群GIS的研究。 相似文献
4.
Modern physical geography in China grew from Chinese traditional geography and has been profoundly influenced by the geographical disciplines of Euro-America and Russia. Since the 1950s, integrated studies of physical geography in China have made remarkable progress in the fields of comprehensive physical geographical regionalization, land studies, landscape ecology, and land surface geographical processes. During the past few decades, under the background of global change and rapid socio-economic transformation, a series of environmental and resources problems have boomed in China. To solve these problems and promote the development of integrated studies of physical geography, the following issues were proposed as research priorities: (1) coupling of land surface patterns and processes; (2) integrated research on regional responses and adaptation to global change; (3) analysis of human dimensions of the earth system; (4) ecosystem service research from a geographical perspective; (5) integration of multi-source data and model development; (6) integrated studies on unique geographical units; and (7) important global issues and relevant international programs. 相似文献
5.
GAIL LANGRAN 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):215-232
Abstract A great deal of recent work in computer science applies itself to temporal database design. Designers of geographical information systems (GIS) can build on this work to create a temporal GIS capability to trace geographical change and understand geographical processes. This paper reviews temporal research in information processing, contrasts various proposed temporal database designs and summarizes the problems of adapting it to GIS requirements. 相似文献
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7.
地理系统是多圈层交互的复杂巨系统。地理系统模型是理解和预测不同尺度地理系统格局和过程变化最重要的研究方法。地理系统模型作为可持续发展科学决策必需的工具,是自然地理学重要的研究方向。过去几十年来,在全球变化等全球性重大环境问题和人类科学决策需求的推动下,地理系统模型虽然发展迅速,但还不足以准确地模拟和预测复杂人地耦合系统。本文分别从模型原理、框架和尺度等方面回顾与梳理了地理系统模型从单要素到多要素、从统计到过程、从静态到动态、从单点到区域和全球尺度模拟等发展历程,并总结了地理系统模型对发展人类—自然耦合系统以及模型—数据融合系统的趋势。发展中国的地理系统模型将有助于中国和全球可持续发展的科学决策。 相似文献
8.
Jin‐Feng Wang Xin‐Hu Li George Christakos Yi‐Lan Liao Tin Zhang Xue Gu 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(1):107-127
Physical environment, man‐made pollution, nutrition and their mutual interactions can be major causes of human diseases. These disease determinants have distinct spatial distributions across geographical units, so that their adequate study involves the investigation of the associated geographical strata. We propose four geographical detectors based on spatial variation analysis of the geographical strata to assess the environmental risks of health: the risk detector indicates where the risk areas are; the factor detector identifies factors that are responsible for the risk; the ecological detector discloses relative importance between the factors; and the interaction detector reveals whether the risk factors interact or lead to disease independently. In a real‐world study, the primary physical environment (watershed, lithozone and soil) was found to strongly control the neural tube defects (NTD) occurrences in the Heshun region (China). Basic nutrition (food) was found to be more important than man‐made pollution (chemical fertilizer) in the control of the spatial NTD pattern. Ancient materials released from geological faults and subsequently spread along slopes dramatically increase the NTD risk. These findings constitute valuable input to disease intervention strategies in the region of interest. 相似文献
9.
地理学综合研究的新进展 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
综合性与区域性为地理学的两大基本特点。本文首先简要回顾了我国地理学家关于地理学综合研究及其意义的有关论述,并指出了我国在地理学综合研究上的一些有待解决的问题,如地理学综合的内涵不够宽广,地理学综合的思维方式有欠缺,从过程和机理角度进行地理学综合的研究较为薄弱,以及地理学综合的手段偏于定性和单调。然后,针对这些问题,对地理学综合的内容和综合的方法进行了探讨,并从地理信息科学等角度对地理学综合的新手段进行了论述。 相似文献
10.
Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are of increasing global concern, and quantitative geography can play an important role in integrating spatial data describing drivers of disease emergence and building models of EID risk. This article lays out the key issues of EIDs and describes problems and opportunities for integrative quantitative geography to inform on patterns of EIDs. Issues of data quality are highlighted, as are methods of spatial analysis and forms of research communication and visualization as they relate to the study of EIDs. Our review demonstrates that geography is critically needed in EID research, and many of the issues central to understanding and predicting EIDs are inherently of a geographical nature. 相似文献
11.
从高维特征空间中获取元胞自动机的非线性转换规则 总被引：24，自引：5，他引：19
元胞自动机 (CA) 具有强大的空间模拟能力,能够模拟和预测复杂的地理现象演变过程。CA 的核心是如何定义转换规则,但目前CA转换规则获取往往是基于线性方法来进行,例如采用多准则判断 (MCE) 技术。这些方法较难反映地理现象所涉及的非线性等复杂特征。为此提出了利用新近发展的核学习机来获取地理元胞自动机非线性转换规则的新方法。该方法是通过核函数产生隐含的高维特征空间,把复杂的非线性问题转化成简单的线性问题,为解决复杂非线性问题提供了一种非常有效的途径。利用所提出的方法自动获取地理元胞自动机的转换规则,不仅大大减少了建模所需的时间,也较好地反映地理现象复杂的特性,从而改善了CA模拟的效果。 相似文献
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跨省界地区是中国精准扶贫的重点地区,也是区域治理的难点地区。依据《中华人民共和国省级行政区域界线详图集》等资料,本文构建了全国跨省界自然地理实体地名数据库,从数量特征、空间差异性和空间自相关三个方面探讨了中国跨省界自然地理实体地名的空间分布格局及其影响因素,分析了由行政分割所引起的跨省界自然地理实体管理问题及其影响,并提出相应的建议。数据库共包括11325个跨省界自然地理实体地名,其中水系类地名4243个,陆地地形类地名7082个。湖南省和上海市分别是地名最多和最少的省级行政区。跨省界自然地理实体地名在中国南方地区呈现明显的聚集现象,而且水系类地名比陆地地形类地名的空间分布更趋随机。区域地形条件和人口规模是影响跨省界自然地理实体地名空间格局的重要因素,在相对高差介于1000~2000 m之间、人口数量介于4000~5000万之间的省份,跨省界自然地理实体地名的数量最多。行政分割造成了跨省界自然地理实体发展的不平衡,主要表现为区域发展目标、管理模式和发展时序等方面的差异。建议政府建立统一规范的跨省界自然地理实体管理机制,建立中央直属的行政管理机构对跨省界自然地理实体进行统一管理,加强跨省协作区联合统筹、建立以跨界自然地理实体为单元的申报机制。 相似文献
14.
国外地理学对公共卫生问题的研究与启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在工业化、城镇化、信息化持续发展,全球变化和全球事件轮番冲击的背景下,公共卫生研究不断深化,已发展为全球性的跨学科议程及研究热点。回顾相关文献发现,国内外地理学对公共卫生问题的研究在数量上均经历了缓慢上升、加速上升和当前的快速上升阶段,但切入角度和关注议题存在差异。本文通过梳理国外地理学对公共卫生问题的研究,对这一领域概念、理论、方法的发展及热点进行归纳总结和综合评述,探讨健康老龄化、健康不平等、融合健康考量的城市规划等议题下现有研究的主要争议、前景及其对国内研究的启示,尤其指出气候变化和传染病大流行等外部压力下暴露出的地理学研究契机,以期拓展视野、聚焦问题,为国内地理学者参与公共卫生研究提供参考。 相似文献
15.
TERRY COPPOCK ERIC ANDERSON 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(1):3-11
Abstract This paper comprises the thoughts and perceptions of an interested outsider, an accountant and economist by training, who has recently chaired a Committee of Enquiry into the handling of geographical information. It focuses on the real barriers to getting more practical use from geographical information systems (GIS), most of which have research implications—but not of a technical nature. To an outsider GIS appears as a solution, or more strictly a tool, in search of a problem. Of course, there are numerous problems for GIS to tackle, but the difficulty is that those who have the problems are often either unaware of GIS and the questions they can deal with or, more seriously, are unaware that they have problems and of the questions they should be asking. GIS as a tool is about aiding managers to carry out their jobs more efficiently and effectively, and, more particularly, about better decision-making 相似文献
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地学计算的研究进展与问题分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
对西方地学计算的起源、概念、知识体系以及存在争议的问题进行了概括地介绍和评述。地理计算的发展动因在于探索空间复杂性的需要,发展源流则在于计算科学,技术主线可以归结为：计算机科学→计算科学→计算地理学→地理计算科学。地理计算与地理信息系统(GIS)具有密切关系,需要运用定量地理学的全套工具,横跨自然、人文两大领域,可望成为一个全新的知识领域,甚至有可能发展出一种新的研究范式。地理计算科学在西方发展迅速,但也存在一些令人不安的问题,其中之一便是缺乏知识建构的核心。由于地理计算具有超越地理学的意向和趋势,本文建议以计算地理学为主体之一,以“利用模型寻求理解”为原则,建立一个相对收敛的知识体系。 相似文献
17.
区域旅游地理层次与人造景点之创意策划--回顾陈传康教授地段地理学思想 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在简述人造景点之必然与存在问题的前提下,以区域旅游层次学观点论述了人造景点策划的地理环境问题. 相似文献
18.
Aase A 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》1992,46(2):47-62
"Changes in the geographical mortality pattern for Norway between 1969 and 1989 are explored for total mortality, coronary heart disease, stomach cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, infant mortality and suicide. The period has shown considerable flux. Coronary heart disease mortality used to be higher in urban than rural areas, but the situation has now reversed (for men) or equalized (for women). The excess infant mortality in the periphery has been eliminated. Suicide has increased faster in fishing and farming areas than in the cities. The changes are interpreted through some concepts and models: the epidemiological transition, geographical and social diffusion, regional restructuring, changes of the physical environment and geographical uniqueness." Data are from official sources. 相似文献
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基于位置感知设备的人类移动研究综述 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
每个人在地理空间内的移动看似随机而没有规律,然而一个较大规模人群的移动却隐藏着特定的模式。为了研究某些地理问题,如交通、疾病传播等,可以从个体行为出发,在地理信息系统的支持下,发现人类移动模式,并构筑基于个体的模拟模型,从而建立微观和宏观之间的桥梁,并支持相应的决策过程。信息通讯技术的发展,一方面改变了人们的空间行为模式,另一方面使得基于位置感知设备获取海量人类移动数据成为可能。近年来,上述研究一直是地理信息科学及相关领域的热点,该文对此进行了总结和评述。 相似文献
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国家自然科学基金视角下地理科学融合发展路径探索 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
随着整体科学的进步和国家社会的发展,地理科学已迈入跨学科交叉融合发展的新阶段。通过学科间和领域间的深度融合寻求新发展路径,完善知识体系,充分发挥服务国家社会之功能,是当前地理科学发展的当务之急。本文基于自然科学基金视角,分析了中国地理科学融合发展的现状与问题,认为其与国际前沿未充分接轨,研究的全球政治、经济、文化影响力有待加强,认为地理科学融合国家重大需求进行理论与技术创新的能力有待提升,认为学科内部体系要根据知识融合需求进一步优化。在此基础上,提出了资助政策引导下地理科学面向世界科技前沿的学科交叉融合、面向国家重大战略的多领域交叉融合和面向申请代码优化布局的分支学科交叉三大融合发展路径与相应政策工具。未来国家自然科学基金委员会将立足于保持学科发展的持续性和稳定性,通过政策创新来激励地理科学与其它学科、领域的交叉融合,以建设更具有活力与创新性的学术生态系统。 相似文献