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《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):387-393
Misunderstanding of phenomenology and positivism as perspectives upon the philosophy and practice of science has important implications for the future of geographic research and research funding in America. Positivistic perspectives on the philosophy of science appear to be seen as fundable, whereas the scientific status and the possibilities for funding of phenomenological and other perspectives on the philosophy of science seem to be in question. 相似文献
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Operationalising sustainability science for a sustainability directive? Reflecting on three pilot projects 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) will challenge traditional single discipline or single issue approaches to research, requiring instead new forms such as 'sustainability science'. Sustainability science requires the integration of multiple perspectives to resolve place-based problems. This paper will illustrate some of the challenges and emergent understandings that were observed during three research projects that could be characterised as attempting to practice sustainability science. The first two projects focused on designing and developing an integrated assessment approach to analyse possible programmes of measures for the WFD. The third project is an evaluation of a European project that piloted specific measures that might be implemented under WFD. The findings highlight the institutional changes required to deliver sustainability science. To summarise, both the 'rules-in-use' and the 'play-of-the-game', to use the language of the institutional analysis and development framework, will have to change to provide sufficient incentives to make the transition from traditional science to sustainability science. 相似文献
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Henry Buller 《Area》2009,41(4):395-403
Food chain research offers particular opportunities for the development of interdisciplinary problematics and approaches. For example, the issue of 'quality' cannot be interpreted solely from natural or from social science perspectives but rather requires a consilient and interdisciplinary vision. Suggesting a 'ground upwards' approach, building upon transitional objects and networks of practice and drawing upon a recently completed research project involving natural and social science research teams, this paper considers the practice and performance of interdisciplinarity as a lively process of knowledge creation that operates within what Luhmann calls 'forums of articulation' through which epistemologically mobile socio-natural entities are defined and explored. 相似文献
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Jean-Pierre Raison 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2005,26(3):323-338
In important respects, the disciplinary field of “tropical geography” is a uniquely French field of study, and Pierre Gourou is conventionally seen as its founder and doyen. Yet Gourou did not see himself as the creator of a new paradigm or research school, and geographers were generally more influenced by his writings than by his teaching or any personal connection. With particular reference to French geographical research in and on tropical Africa during the second half of the twentieth century, it is suggested that the development of tropical geography as a subfield ‐ and tropicalism as a research orientation ‐ can be put down to a variety of factors and circumstances. Geographical research on Africa was pivotal, as was the rise to prominence in French research institutes of some of Gourou's disciples. But African academics also played a part, as did criticism of tropical geography for its marginalisation of issues of development and geopolitics. The paper examines this postwar intellectual history and attempts to draw from it a positive and forward looking legacy ‐ a reinvigorated and interdisciplinary “tropicalism”, the main axis of which would be the analysis of the specific characteristics of tropical ecology, and its use and transformation by the societies that live from it. Such a project may help us to confront the contemporary world ecological crisis, and forge critical research projects on globalisation (altermondialisme) that can discern and deal with the complex local‐global, and rural‐urban, articulations of this phenomenon. 相似文献
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构建层次分明、结构合理的科技合作网络对于推动京津冀协同创新具有非常重要的作用。本文从基于知识创新的科研合作网络和基于技术创新的技术合作网络的角度,使用合作论文和合作专利数据,采用社会网络分析法对2013—2018年京津冀地区地级及以上城市之间科技合作网络的演变特征进行了分析,并基于半参数估计和面板计量模型实证检验了影响京津冀78个城市对之间科技合作的主要因素。主要结论为：① 京津冀科研合作网络快速成长,呈现北京与天津双核引领,以京津为主轴、京保石为次轴的空间结构。② 京津冀逐渐形成了以北京为主中心,天津、石家庄为次中心,廊坊、保定、沧州为三级枢纽,其他城市为节点的技术合作网络结构。③ 空间距离越近的城市之间越容易产生科技合作,高铁开通带来的时空距离压缩可以减弱科技合作的空间衰减系数;相对于科研合作,技术合作对于空间距离更为敏感;技术邻近性是促进城市间科技合作的主要驱动因子,尤其是对技术合作的促进效应更为明显;经济发展差距越小的城市之间相对容易产生技术合作。 相似文献
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Contemporary science philosophy suggests that discussing ontological problems is of fundamental significance broadly within certain specific disciplines. Natural and social science research are inseparable from philosophical guidance; for instance, the philosophy of geography is the ideological basis for geography. The traditional philosophy of geography is methodology-oriented, which primarily emphasizes the “logical structure of geography explanations,” and ignores the discussion of its ontology. This study, in the context of the philosophy of science, explores the relationships between methodology, ontology, and the philosophy of geography, defines the connotations of geographical ontology, analyzes the links and differences between philosophical ontology and scientific ontology of geography, clarifies the nature of geographical ontology, and summaries its theoretical values. The ontology of geography incorporates the philosophically ontological beliefs of geographers and geographical schools and the ontological commitment of the theory of geography. As different geographers hold different philosophical viewpoints, their ontological beliefs are different; one geographical theory asserts an ontological commitment of “what is there,” which determines the nature and types of objectives the theory references. The ontological beliefs of geographers determine their epistemology, methodology, and axiology, and the ontological commitment of a geographical theory is the premise and basis of that theory. 相似文献
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Jay R. Harman 《The Professional geographer》2005,57(1):130-139
As geographers working in a professional capacity, many of us engage in scholarly research. Unless it is self‐supporting and the results are kept confidential, this activity requires that we strike relationships with various “third parties,” constituencies who lie outside of the usual two‐party, researcher–subject relationship but are unavoidably drawn in because they help support our work, use our findings, or bear their practical consequences, good or bad. How (and why) should we relate to them? One option is to maximize all (positive) types of third‐party impacts by intentionally pursuing scholarship that benefits the greatest range of constituencies. If this approach is desirable from the perspective of the discipline, science, and society, we have good reason to promote it, but how? Doing so with artificial (extrinsic) incentives or imposed mandates raises questions about academic freedom. Alternatively, recasting questions about which scholarly line to investigate into ethical terms that emphasize such third‐party issues might, in and of itself, promote greater prior reflection and perhaps broader outcomes. Such outcomes seem even more likely when reflection on the objective question of third‐party interests is accompanied by a nurtured compassion for parties who are less well off. The pedagogical implications of these conclusions will be explored. 相似文献
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地理学本体论：内涵、性质与理论价值 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
科学哲学研究表明,本体论问题的探讨对于具体学科的科学哲学研究和理论研究都具有重要意义。本文界定了地理学本体论的内涵,讨论了地理学方法论、本体论和地理学哲学的关系,比较和分析了哲学本体论与地理学本体论之间的联系和区别,阐述了地理学本体论的性质,概括了地理学本体论的理论价值。地理学本体论包括两个层面：地理学家和地理学流派的哲学本体论观念、地理学理论的本体论承诺,地理学家的本体论影响和决定着地理学家的认识论、方法论和价值论选择,而某个地理学理论的本体论承诺则是该理论得以成立的前提和基础。 相似文献
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《地理学报(英文版)》2017,(12)
Contemporary science philosophy suggests that discussing ontological problems is of fundamental significance broadly within certain specific disciplines. Natural and social science research are inseparable from philosophical guidance; for instance, the philosophy of geography is the ideological basis for geography. The traditional philosophy of geography is methodology-oriented, which primarily emphasizes the "logical structure of geography explanations," and ignores the discussion of its ontology. This study, in the context of the philosophy of science, explores the relationships between methodology, ontology, and the philosophy of geography, defines the connotations of geographical ontology, analyzes the links and differences between philosophical ontology and scientific ontology of geography, clarifies the nature of geographical ontology, and summaries its theoretical values. The ontology of geography incorporates the philosophically ontological beliefs of geographers and geographical schools and the ontological commitment of the theory of geography. As different geographers hold different philosophical viewpoints, their ontological beliefs are different; one geographical theory asserts an ontological commitment of "what is there," which determines the nature and types of objectives the theory references. The ontological beliefs of geographers determine their epistemology, methodology, and axiology, and the ontological commitment of a geographical theory is the premise and basis of that theory. 相似文献
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以《科学知识的地理》为中心,基于学术史、当前学界对该书的述评及相关研究的梳理,文章对科学知识地理学的学术脉络及创见进行了较详的考察。传统科学知识地理性的解释路径,存在无地方性与地方性二元论问题,且“地理”被视为科学的外因。基于科学知识生产“场所”地方性意义的揭示,科学与区域关系的建构,以及科学“流通”与科学全球化的阐释,科学知识地理学建构了“地点-区域-全球”多尺度视野下的科学知识生产、流通、消费解释路径,在揭示辩证性的科学知识地理性的同时,以新的模式解释了科学知识的地方性与全球性关系。当前研究对当代科学知识地理性的强调,以及后殖民思潮的介入,将科学知识地理学带入到了更为广阔的学术视野中。结论建议中国的科学知识地理学研究应注意审视当前科学知识地理学理论的预设,注意挖掘中国科学知识地理性方面的特殊议题,从多个层面结合中国实际讨论科学知识地理性问题,并及时、批判性地吸收和应用相关新思潮、新理论。 相似文献
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DAVID R. HARRIS 《Geographical review》2002,92(4):526-544
ABSTRACT. Carl Ortwin Sauer (1889–1975) is widely regarded as one of the most influential geographers of the twentieth century, admired particularly for his studies in cultural and historical geography. His contribution to the study of prehistory is less widely acknowledged, but, between 1944 and 1962, he published a series of speculative yet scholarly papers that contain many prescient insights into humanity's remote past and the relationships of our ancestors to the environments they occupied—and modified. In this essay, based on the Carl O. Sauer Memorial Lecture given at the University of California, Berkeley, in October 2001, I reflect on Sauer's contribution to the science of prehistory by examining, in the light of recent advances in knowledge, two major themes of Sauer's work: the early dispersal of Homo sapiens in the Old World, and the origins and prehistoric spread of agriculture. 相似文献
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基于对国内文献的搜集和整理,从体育的内涵辨析和学科演进梳理着手,对体育人才、体育产业、体育活动以及体育场地与地理空间的关系4 个方面进行综述。研究发现：体育人才、体育产业、体育活动和体育场地均具有很强的地理特征和空间指向性,体育人才与地域文化和历史关系密切,体育产业受基本经济地理格局深刻影响,体育活动具有明显空间差异特征;体育场地是城市空间的重要组成部分;体育学科内涵在持续拓展,与地理学的交叉将是一个重要机遇;人文地理学在学科综合、关注视角、研究方法和技术手段等方面具有较好的学科优势,能够很好地参与体育研究,推动体育现象的全景揭示和深度解析。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe article presents the changes in the discipline of geography over 60 years as experienced both in fieldwork and in practice by a Norwegian geographer. Based on diaries and collections of memoirs, the author, Arild Holt-Jensen, presents his life story and how it has been impacted by people, places and special events. His intention is to show how geography and his own work reflect social, political and intellectual changes since the late 1950s. Initially, a regional geography approach was adopted in the fieldwork for his master’s thesis but the approach was challenged by new ideas and methods from both the spatial science school and model thinking. As a young lecturer in 1968, the author was shocked by the positivism debate and critical philosophy, and his spatial science and quantitative approach in his PhD project had to be adapted. His political engagement and interest in planning led him to research social exclusion in European neighbourhoods. His need to trace the identity of geography as a discipline resulted in a textbook that throughout the years has been updated by following up on research trends to the present. Thus, the book and the article show Holt-Jensen’s shifts in disciplinary identity and research practice. 相似文献
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Melissa R. Gilbert 《The Professional geographer》1994,46(1):90-96
Feminist research methodologies have many advantages over more traditional positivist methodologies. Feminist research is differentiated from nonfeminist research in terms of its critiques of universality and objectivity and its emancipatory purpose. Drawing on my own research on the survival strategies of low-waged women workers in Worcester, Massachusetts, I argue that we need to examine more critically our feminist research methods in terms of the unequal power relationships on which the research process necessarily rests. 相似文献
18.
WILLIAM A. KOELSCH 《Geographical review》2012,102(4):510-524
The conventional narrative regarding the American reception of George Perkins Marsh, author of Man and Nature (1864), is that his work and ideas were “lost,”“forgotten,” or “neglected” until Lewis Mumford “rediscovered” him and introduced him to geographers at the University of California‐Berkeley through The Brown Decades (Mumford [1931] 1955) and until Carl Sauer made him known to the profession at large beginning in 1938. This article upends the conventional narrative by looking at earlier references to Marsh's later versions of Man and Nature, which were published as The Earth as Modified by Human Action from 1874 to 1907. Analysis reveals that a number of geographers and historians cited these editions between 1875 and the early 1950s. Examining the legend of loss and rediscovery suggests the value of methods utilized in reception studies for research on the history of geography. 相似文献
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地理学的逻辑方法和基本法则 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从科学哲学和科学学的角度考察地理学思想史,可以发现:地理学之所以徘徊于科学性不强的“经验科学”的水平,关键在于其科学的理论化和系统化不够。本文对地理学的逻辑方法及其公理系统作了初步探讨,并尝试就此推演地理定理,估计地理学的未来发展趋势。 相似文献
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Shlomo Hasson 《The Professional geographer》1984,36(1):11-18
Humanistic geography represents a duality of reason and feeling, science and ethics. As a scientific approach, it is concerned with uncovering the truth regarding people's experiential relationship with place. It does not regard the phenomena under consideration as merely an object of research, rather it bears an ethical message of concern for those objects, be they human beings, nature or place. This study expands on the ethical dimension conveyed by humanistic geography via Buber's work, trying to show that his dialogical philosophy and humanism is a logical extension of this message. I seek to convey an action-oriented frame of reference for geographers that may lead to a shift from passive reflection about people and place, to an active role in making Buber's “perfect space’ possible. 相似文献