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1.
基于国际海洋古全球变化研究项目(IMAGES)在西菲律宾海本哈姆海台获取的高质量柱状沉积物岩芯MD06-3047(17°00.44′N、124°47.93′E),利用颗石藻下透光带属种Florisphaera profunda的相对丰度以及初级生产力转换函数,恢复了260 ka以来西菲律宾海上部水体营养跃层以及初级生产力的变化历史。发现该区域26万年以来初级生产力冰期-间冰期变化特征较不明显,冰期生产力平均值略高于间冰期。通过与前人已发表的指示东亚冬季风强弱的伊利石/蒙脱石记录和热带太平洋纬向表层海水温度梯度记录的对比,提出MIS 8期以来,热带西菲律宾海古生产力变化的主要受控因素在MIS 5a左右发生明显转变。在MIS 8后期至MIS 5a之间,初级生产力受到长期类ENSO过程的影响较为显著,当热带东西太平洋海水表层温度梯度较小的时期,认为热带太平洋处于类El Niňo状态,此时西菲律宾海营养跃层相对较浅,生产力较高,反之则相反。而在MIS 5末期至末次冰消期时段,生产力受东亚冬季风的影响相对于长期ENSO过程更强,可能掩盖了后者的古生产力信号。冰期东亚冬季风加强,一方面,可以引起上部水体混合加强,增加下部营养物质向上的输送,另一方面大量风尘物质的输入可以刺激颗石藻的生长;反之在冰消期,水体混合较弱,风尘输入显著减少,生产力也随之降低。  相似文献   

2.
综合论述了晚第四纪以来北太平洋中纬度地区海洋古生产力变化特征及其影响因素。晚第四纪以来,北太平洋中纬度地区海洋古生产力变化表现出明显的冰期-间冰期尺度波动特征,冰期条件下海洋古生产力增加,而间冰期条件下古生产力较低。在综合考虑影响北太平洋古生产力变化的各种因素后,初步认为：冰期气候条件下,亚洲粉尘携带的浮游生物生长所必需养分的增加促进了浮游生物的生长,可能是导致本区冰期时古生产力增加的主要原因。  相似文献   

3.
南海南部中上新世以来沉积有机碳与古生产力变化   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  
对南海南部ODP1143站上部150m的1005个沉积物样品进行了有机碳分析,求取中上新世3．5Ma以来表层生产力长期的演化趋势和短期的变化规律。有机碳含量、有机碳堆积速率和输出生产力在2．85～1．58Ma和0．9～0Ma两个时期呈现相对高值,反映具较高的古生产力,推测分别与上新世晚期北极冰盖形成和“中更新世革命”之后北极冰盖扩大事件密切相关。与有孔虫δ^18O记录对比,有机碳含量、有机碳堆积速率和输出生产力都显示在冰期增加,间冰期降低,反映了冰期具较高的表层生产力。冰期时较高的沉积物堆积速率和C／N比值反映低海平面时期陆源营养物质供应增加,是造成冰期表层生产力高的重要原因。同时推测冰期时低氧含量的底层水有利于有机物质的保存。频谱分析揭示,中上新世以来有机碳含量变化复杂,说明其变化除主要受到地球轨道周期变化的驱动外,还受到陆源物输入等其他因素的影响;而有机碳堆积速率和输出生产力主要受地球轨道周期变化的驱动。  相似文献   

4.
末次冰消期以来苏拉威西海颗石藻化石记录与古海洋变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过对苏拉威西海MD98-2178柱状样(3.62°N、118.70°E)颗石藻化石属种相对含量的统计,重建了2万年来海水古生产力、营养跃层的变化。其中Emiliania huxleyi、Gephyrocapsa oceanica、Florisphaera profunda占颗石藻群落的80%～90%。由于G.oceanica与F.profunda存在于两种完全不同的生态环境中,两者的变化趋势完全相反。前者代表高生产力以及高营养物质的海水,后者则代表低生产力与较深的营养跃层。推测冰消期颗石藻对环境变化具有两种响应模式:以约13.5ka的生产力峰值期为界,13.5ka之前颗石藻古生产力变化主要响应于径流对海洋营养物质的输入,而13.5ka之后则主要响应于海水-大气之间水循环的强度。全新世F.produnda含量及其所反映的营养跃层变化具有明显的百年尺度波动,与太阳活动的100～260a周期具有良好的相关性。推测全新世苏拉威西海区营养跃层变化受百年尺度的类似厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Nino-Southern Osillation,ENSO)的变化及太阳活动的驱动。  相似文献   

5.
末次冰盛期以来日本海浮游植物生产力和群落结构变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
生物标志物法已经被广泛应用于重建海洋浮游植物生产力和群落结构变化。本文利用这种方法重建了日本海末次冰盛期以来浮游植物生产力和群落结构变化。结果显示,生物标志物含量在末次冰期最盛期21～19 ka和14～4 ka时有高值,而在19～14 ka、4～0 ka有低值。末次冰期最盛期时生物标志物的高含量是由于分层导致的底层水缺氧,生物标志物得到较好保存的结果,而此时日本海盐度很低,使颗石藻相对含量很低;19～14 ka陆源输入减少,日本海生产力水平较低,不断增加的盐度使浮游植物群落结构由硅藻、甲藻占优转变为颗石藻占优;14～4 ka对马暖流流量的加大提高了日本海的初级生产力,同时高营养盐利于硅藻、甲藻的生长,使颗石藻的相对比例减小;4 ka以后随冬季风的增强和黑潮减弱,对马暖流减弱,供应的营养盐减少,日本海生产力水平降低,使颗石藻的相对比例增大,硅藻、甲藻的相对比例减小。  相似文献   

6.
为揭示晚更新世以来西太平洋暖池黏土矿物输入变化的控制因素,对采自西菲律宾海本哈姆隆起上的Ph05-5孔沉积物中的黏土矿物组成、来源和堆积速率进行了分析。结果表明,220 ka以来,该孔沉积物中的黏土矿物主要以伊利石（13%）和蒙皂石（8%）为主,其次为绿泥石（6%）和高岭石（2%）。伊利石和绿泥石主要来源于亚洲大陆,蒙皂石主要源于菲律宾海周围岛屿的火山物质在海底遭受海水侵蚀后形成的自生Fe-蒙皂石和西菲律宾海周围岛屿上的物质风化后形成的他生Al-蒙皂石。220 ka以来,伊利石和绿泥石的堆积速率表现出明显的冰期高-间冰期低的旋回变化,与该孔总的风尘堆积速率、亚洲风尘和北太平洋风尘堆积速率一致。冰期/间冰期太阳辐射降低/增强、亚洲内陆干旱程度加强/减弱,是导致伊利石等源于亚洲内陆的黏土矿物向菲律宾海输入增加/减少的主控因素。Ph05-5孔蒙皂石的堆积速率同样表现出明显的冰期高-间冰期低的特征,与该孔总的火山物质堆积速率一致。蒙皂石在轨道尺度的变化,主要受到海平面变化和热带类ENSO过程影响的降雨过程控制。冰期低海平面,菲律宾岛和海水的混合作用加强,使得蒙皂石的输入增加。此外,冰期在热带太...  相似文献   

7.
在全球气候变化的背景下,极端天气频发,海洋生物也将受到环境异质性的影响,即环境条件基于平均水平的震荡变化。为研究温度波动变化对海洋碳循环中的重要种群颗石藻的影响,采用半连续培养的方式对海洋颗石藻优势种赫氏颗石藻(Emiliania huxleyi)的非钙化株系与钙化株系分别进行模拟培养实验,探究颗石藻在低(20℃)和高(25℃)平均温度下对升温及温度波动变化的响应。结果表明,升温与温度波动对两株E.huxleyi的生长均起到了抑制作用,而升温和温度波动变化对两株E.huxleyi的生长速率以及胞内碳水化合物含量、非钙化株系的颗粒有机碳含量及钙化株系的蛋白质和颗粒物无机碳含量、碳氮比及沉降速率产生了显著的交互效应,温度的波动变化在一定程度上增强了颗石藻应对升温的适应性。通过对两株系的生理响应结果进行对比分析,发现非钙化株系各生理参数对升温和温度波动变化更为敏感,表明颗石藻的钙化作用可能对其应对环境波动下的极端环境条件起缓冲保护作用。升温和温度波动变化显著削弱了颗石藻的沉降速率,可能会对颗石藻相关的海洋碳沉降与输出产生显著的削弱效应。因此,为了更准确地预测海洋颗石藻对气候变化的响应,未来相关研究需要考虑叠加在升温基础上的温度波动变化对颗石藻的生理生态学效应。  相似文献   

8.
重建古生产力变化是古海洋学研究的重要方面。本文综述了以往南海晚第四纪古生产力的研究成果，浅析了南海生产力变化的控制因素。南海北部和南部的古生产力变化模式有明显差异，具体表现在：南海北部具有冰期生产力高、间冰期生产力低的特点，而南海南部具有冰期生产力低、间冰期生产力高的特点。造成南海北部和南部生产力变化空间差异的原因尚待查明，本文提出河流、风尘、南海大洋环流等都是造成南海生产力区域差异的潜在控制因素。  相似文献   

9.
本文通过对阿蒙森海西北部陆隆AMS01岩心沉积物颜色、粒度及地球化学等多种指标分析，重建了该地区氧同位素9期(MIS9，大约距今34万年)以来冰盖与古生产力演变历史，结果表明:(1)岩心沉积物粒度与古生产力替代指标表现出明显的冰期–间冰期旋回变化特征；(2)MIS9、MIS7和MIS5等间冰期沉积速率较小，沉积物呈褐色，冰筏碎屑含量低，生源组分含量高，反映出该时期阿蒙森海地区气候温暖，冰盖发生了大规模退缩，冰盖–冰架–冰山等陆源冰对沉积物的影响减弱，海冰覆盖减弱，有利于浮游植物的生长和繁殖；(3)MIS8c、MIS8a、MIS6、MIS2等冰期沉积速率大，沉积物呈灰色，沉积物随之变粗，冰筏碎屑含量高，生源组分含量低，说明该时期冰盖大幅扩张，陆隆区成为近冰盖/冰架沉积环境，海冰和冰山密集，海洋生产力显著降低；(4)冰期、间冰期内，冰盖与古生产力也有不同程度的波动；特别是MIS8b期发育浅褐色间冰阶沉积，冰筏碎屑含量低，生产力水平与间冰期基本持平，说明阿蒙森海地区冰盖、海洋对气候变化的响应比东南极地区敏感。  相似文献   

10.
南海南部2Ma以来古温度记录显示该海域更新世以来海水表层温度的不断降低,并且以冰期降低为特征,间冰期温度变化不大。南海南北经向表层海水温差的大小,反映了东亚冬季风的强弱变化,2 Ma以来的温差变化说明东亚冬季风在中更新世之前的持续强化,中更新世之后不断减弱,而在晚第四纪时又再次转为增强,同时叠加在长期变化趋势之上的是轨道时间尺度上冰期增强间冰期减弱的循环波动。青藏高原构造作用可能对中更新世时期东亚冬季风强化产生重要影响,而更新世以来东亚冬季风变化的整体趋势及轨道尺度变化主要受全球冰量变化和低纬ENSO影响。  相似文献   

11.
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12.
本文研究了南海北部３１孔岩芯样的长链烯酮化合物的分布与微体古生物（钙质超微化石和浮游有孔虫）的关系。烯酮化合物主要来自定鞭金藻的赫胥黎艾氏石Ｅｍｉｌｉａｎｉｓａｈｕｘｌｅｙｉ，其中Ｃ３７∶２Ｍｅ含量在３１％～７０％。应用Ｃ３７的不饱和比值（Ｕ３７ｋ）计算了南海３１孔柱状样的海水古温度，波动幅度在２３．２～２８．３℃之间，平均为２５．３℃，低于该海域海水实测年平均温度（２８．１℃）。Ｕ３７ｋ值的变化与浮游有孔虫壳体的氧同位素值分期有着对应的关系，亦可相应分成５期。  相似文献   

13.
-Long-chain alkenones were detected in samples of sea surface sediments from the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea areas, the Arctic Pole. The analysis result indicates that C37:3 methylketone is pre dominate in the long-chain alkenones from the Chukchi and Bering Sea sediments. The abundance of C37to C39 unsaturated alkenones changes in an order of C37 ＞C38 ＞C39. Based on ∑37/∑38 ratio, the de tected organism precursors of the long-chain alkenones are mainly coccolithophrid (Emiliania huxleyi).By the calibration relationship between U3k7 and U37k indices, the sea surface paleotemperature in these seas is estimated. The estimated values of U37k vary from 4.147℃ to 5. 706℃, with a mean value of 5.092℃.  相似文献   

14.
C37–39 alkenones and C36 alkenoates, biomarkers of haptophyte origin, were measured in a 10-month sediment trap times series from the Wilkinson Basin in the Gulf of Maine (GOM). Highest biomarker flux to the seabed was observed in summertime, the period when surface waters are stratified and a persistent, subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) exists within the upper thermocline and at the base of the euphotic zone throughout the GOM. Comparison of biomarker content and composition of sediment trap particles and underlying surface sediments indicates significant loss (>50%) of signal due to the impact of early diagenesis. Despite such loss, however, C37 alkenone unsaturation patterns (U37K′) are not altered. Estimates of algal growth temperature made from analysis of U37K′ in these sedimentary materials correspond with water temperature measured at the SCM, identifying this biological oceanographic feature as a key site of alkenone export production to the GOM sediment record. Given the common occurrence of SCM in surface waters of the world ocean, particularly the expansive oligotrophic regions of the subtropical to temperate ocean, export of alkenones produced within such features is a potentially widespread biological oceanographic phenomenon which shapes the sediment record for these biomarkers.  相似文献   

15.
通过对南海北部和中部两套时间序列沉积物捕获器中的颗粒物样品进行硅藻分析,揭示了南海北部和中部硅藻通量的季节变化规律及其区域差异和各自对东亚季风气候的响应.研究表明在南海北部和中部海域,硅藻通量可以在一定程度上指示海洋初级生产力水平,其中南海北部硅藻通量明显低于中部,这可能与北部颗粒物样品采集期间发生的E1 Ni(n)o...  相似文献   

16.
Alkenone unsaturation indices (UK37 and UK′37) have long been used as proxies for surface water temperature in the open ocean. Recent studies have suggested that in other marine environments, variables other than temperature may affect both the production of alkenones and the values of the indices. Here, we present the results of a reconnaissance field study in which alkenones were extracted from particulate matter filtered from the water column in Chesapeake Bay during 2000 and 2001. A multivariate analysis shows a strong positive correlation between UK37 (and UK′37) values and temperature, and a significant negative correlation between UK37 (and UK′37) values and nitrate concentrations. However, temperature and nitrate concentrations also co-vary significantly. The temperature vs. UK37 relationships (UK37=0.018 (T)−0.162, R2=0.84, UK′37=0.013 (T)−0.04, R2=0.80) have lower slopes than the open-ocean equations of Prahl et al. [1988. Further evaluation of long-chain alkenones as indicators of paleoceanographic conditions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 52, 2303–2310] and Müller et al. [1998. Calibration of the alkenone paleotemperature index UK′37 based on core-tops from the eastern South Atlantic and the global ocean (60°N–60°S). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 62, 1757–1772], but are similar to the relationships found in controlled studies with elevated nutrient levels and higher nitrate:phosphate (N:P) ratios. This implies that high nutrient levels in Chesapeake Bay have either lowered the UK37 vs. temperature slope, or nutrient levels are the main controller of the UK37 index. In addition, particularly high abundances (>5% of total C37 alkenones) of the tetra-unsaturated ketone, C37:4, were found when water temperatures reached 25 °C or higher, thus posing further questions about the controls on alkenone production as well as the biochemical roles of alkenones.  相似文献   

17.
对菲律宾海北部E-2岩心柱(29.62°N、131.14°E,水深3 877m)进行了浮游有孔虫δ18 O分析、AMS14 C测年以及U3k7表层海水温度(U3k7-SST)的测试。结果表明,E-2岩心记录了约19cal.kaBP以来U3k7-SST变化过程,其末次冰消期整体变化过程与北大西洋高纬地区相似,记录了Heinrich 1(H1)、Blling/Allerd(B/A)和Younger Dryas(YD)等快速气候事件,同时也识别出发生于19.4～19.2和18.5～18.0cal.kaBP的2次变冷事件,说明了研究区与北大西洋气候存在遥相关;在B/A和YD阶段中发现的百年尺度气候波动及变化过程,可能反映了热带过程对研究区域的影响;E-2岩心柱末次冰消期变暖存在阶段性,其变暖时间开始于19.4cal.kaBP,而大幅升温阶段则从15.3cal.kaBP开始。  相似文献   

18.
多参数生物标志物法已被广泛用于重建浮游植物生产力和种群结构.但目前还缺乏这一应用的现代证据,尤其是西太平洋边缘海地区.文中作者对东/黄海的表层沉积物中的浮游植物生物标志物的分布进行研究,发现东海表层沉积物中菜子甾醇、甲藻甾醇、长链烯酮的总含量变化范围为357～3 115 ng/g,黄海的总含量变化范围为2 898 ～6 714 ng/g,硅藻、甲藻和颗石藻生物标志物总量基本具有近岸高、离岸低的趋势,与现场调查资料所得到的趋势基本一致.生物标志物比例结果显示在东海的长江口方向离岸越远硅藻相对比例下降,而在长江口以南则是离岸越远硅藻比例升高.在东海和黄海颗石藻所占比例都很低,但是有离岸越远比例升高的趋势.用生物标志物所重建的种群结构的变化趋势与现场调查资料相符,但其绝对值却与现场资料存在差异.本研究为生物标志物重建种群结构提供了现代数据,但是此方法的定量应用还需做进一步的研究.  相似文献   

19.
C37–C39 alkenones were measured in time-series sediment trap samples collected from August 1998 to June 2000 at two depths in the seasonal sea ice region of the western Sea of Okhotsk, off Sakhalin, in order to investigate alkenone production and water-column processes in the region. Measurable export fluxes of alkenones are ranged from < 0.1 to 5.8 μg/m2/day and clearly showed that the alkenone production was restricted to autumn. In 1998, maximum export flux of alkenones occurred in September when surface water column was well stratified with low nutrients in the surface mixing layer. In the next year, the maximum flux is observed in October. Comparison between alkenone temperature and satellite based sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the estimated alkenone temperatures in August 1998 were found to be  10 °C lower than the temporal satellite SST, suggesting that alkenones are produced in surface to subsurface thermocline layers during the period. Annual mean flux of alkenones is lower in the lower traps than that of the upper traps, suggesting rapid degradation of alkenones in water column, but the UK37′ value is not significantly altered. This study indicates that UK37′ values preserved in the surface sediments off Sakhalin reflect the seasonal temperature signal of near surface water, rather than annual mean surface temperature.  相似文献   

20.
Marine oxygen-deficient environments with high sedimentation rates and high primary productivity can provide relevant information regarding variations of ocean–climatic conditions in the past. In the Humboldt current ecosystem, which now hosts huge populations of pelagic fishes (mainly anchovy and sardine), fish scale abundance in the sedimentary record may be useful indicators of environmental change. Here we assess such a proxy record in a 42 cm-long sedimentary core collected from 80 m in Mejillones Bay (23°S, northern Chile). We also analyse fish remains in surface sediment sampled along a bathymetric transect (from 10 to 110 m water depth) in the same bay. In the core-top record, the fluctuations of sardine and anchovy scale deposition rates (SDR) agreed with those of industrial catches for these two species in northern Chile, tending to validate the SDR as a proxy of local fish biomass when bottom anoxic conditions prevail. However, apparent SDR for records prior to 1820 have probably been influenced by dissolution processes linked to the oxygenation of the bottom environment of Mejillones Bay, as suggested by other proxy records. After 1820, the fluctuations in the relative abundance of sardine and anchovy scales point to alternating warm and cold conditions during about 30 years and then a progressively cooler period. Since ca. 1870, marked fluctuations of SDR of both species are observed, probably as a consequence of the onset of a different oceanographic regime characterized by intensified upwelling, stronger subsurface oxygen deficiency, higher primary productivity, and enhanced “ENSO-like” interdecadal variability. While anchovy SDR fluctuated in periods of 25–40 years, only two peak periods of sardine SDR occurred (late 19th century and late 20th century), suggesting that sardine abundance depends on other ocean–climatic factors.  相似文献   

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