共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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I. A. Tarasenko N. A. Kharitonova A. V. Zin’kov E. V. Ovodova A. V. Korzun 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2017,72(3):192-199
This study presents the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of tailing dumps at the Krasnorechenskaya concentration mill (Primorskii krai, Russia). Primary ore minerals and newly forming mineral assemblages were also investigated. According to the obtained data, the possible reserves of the major elements accumulated in these tailings were estimated. It was shown that the tailing dumps at the Krasnorechenskaya concentration mill are potentially promising for secondary recovery. The tailing sediment has natural geochemical stratification and the specific correlations of elements are typical for each selected layer. 相似文献
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末次冰消期以来东海内陆架沉积物地球化学特征及其古环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
尝试对末次冰消期以来东海内陆架沉积物地球化学特征及其蕴含的古环境、古气候信息进行探讨。对位于浙-闽沿岸泥质沉积中心附近的EC2005孔岩性、粒度、常量元素、矿物以及AMS^14C测年数据进行了综合分析,得出以下主要结论：（1）东海内陆架沉积物不同常量元素与TiO2的比值具有不同的环境、气候意义,SiO2、Na2O与TiO2的比值可以用来反映沉积水动力条件的强弱,Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO、K2O、MnO以及下部湖相沉积层中的CaO、P2O5与TiO2的比值则主要反映了沉积物源区的变化以及与风化程度相关的源区气候变化。（2）研究区自17．3k。BP以来沉积环境经历了剧烈变化,岩芯底部60．20m至41．00m（17．3～13．1kaBP）为湖泊三角洲沉积序列,海水自13．1kaBP开始侵入研究区,形成了41．00m的海相沉积地层。自12．3kaBP研究区受到沿岸流影响,7．3ka BP以来稳定的泥质沉积体开始形成。（3）自末次冰消期初期至末期,气候总体向暖湿方向发展,新仙女木事件、8．2k。冷事件在本孔中有明显的记录,显示出全球性重要气候事件在中纬度浅海陆架海域的区域性响应。 相似文献
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中国大陆科学钻探主孔0-2000米流体地球化学异常与地震的关系 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
CCSD流体中He、N2、Ar是记录地震的敏感载体，可能记录了本地一些中小地震及远强震的异常信息。与远强震对应的流体异常幅度大，一般始于远强震前数天，且He、He／Ar、N2／Ar多为负异常，Ar多为正异常；而本地中小地震大多造成主孔流体组分的小幅度波动变化。远强震可能改变了CCSD钻探区的地下流体循环，地震期间监测到泥浆中相对富Ar贫N2和He的地下流体贡献增加，震后，地震引起的附加流体贡献逐渐消失。CCSD的流体组分和比值可能记录了区内地壳应力变化，反映了远强震期间区域构造活动乃至地球深部构造活动产生的场兆、源兆信息，地壳屈曲的假设可以加深CCSD流体作为远强震敏感载体的理解。远强震期间CCSD流体异常也可能是记录了震前长周期波传播至CCSD主孔时激发的流体变化，反映了震源区的应力变化。 相似文献
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淋洗剂乙二胺四乙酸对重金属污染土工程特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以重金属铅（Pb2+）污染土和淋洗剂乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）为研究对象,通过批次试验研究了不同浓度EDTA的淋洗对Pb2+污染土的渗透特性、持水特性、压缩特性、抗剪强度等工程特性的影响,为淋洗修复后土壤的二次利用提供参数支持。基于矿物成分、孔隙结构等微观试验,揭示了土壤工程特性变化的内在机制。研究结果表明,当淋洗剂EDTA浓度从0增加到0.15 mol/L,经淋洗修复后的污染土壤pH值从7.94下降到5.12,渗透系数降低超过一个数量级,黏聚力降低50%以上,而内摩擦角增大,持水性能提高,孔隙比从0.81下降到了0.76。微观试验的结果表明,随着淋洗剂浓度的增大,土壤中的蒙脱石、钠长石和伊利石矿物含量减少,石英矿物含量增加,其中蒙脱石含量从7.87%下降到了0.07%,而石英矿物含量增加了11.09%;淋洗后土壤单位质量进汞量由0.22 ml/g降低到0.15 ml/g,土壤总孔隙体积减少。重金属污染土淋洗修复工程在考虑重金属去除率及经济性指标的同时,还应考虑淋洗剂对土壤工程特性的弱化。 相似文献
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从矿物粉晶表面反应性到矿物晶面反应性——以黄铁矿氧化行为的晶面差异性为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地球系统中各种矿物相的物理化学反应大多是从矿物表面或界面开始的。要揭示矿物表面反应性的本质,就需要从控制其反应性的表面结构入手。由于实验条件的限制,绝大多数关于矿物表面物理化学性质的研究主要采用粉晶作为研究对象。尽管粉晶方法在研究诸如硅酸盐、碳酸盐溶解和沉淀结晶等过程中被普遍采用,但这种基于矿物粉晶的研究方法还是有一定的不足。因为形成粉晶的破碎研磨过程会导致晶体高能面的出现,高能面所具有的高活性可能会加速其反应过程,应用于地球化学反应的计算结果就可能高估了实际的地球化学反应速率。本研究以黄铁矿表面氧化反应的晶面差异性为例,从晶面结构制约反应性的角度出发,重新审视了黄铁矿氧化的相关问题,弥补了传统"粉晶研究"中对黄铁矿氧化速率和氧化机理认识的缺陷。黄铁矿宽范围的氧化速率实测值很可能是由不同晶面间较大的反应性差异导致;水在黄铁矿的氧化过程中同时扮演着传递电子的催化剂和反应物的角色,也是黄铁矿氧化反应速控步(rate-limiting step)的核心物质。这些认识首次明确了黄铁矿不同晶面反应性差异的重要性,并提示我们应将传统表面矿物学的研究推向更为精确的晶面矿物学水平。这一从晶面角度考察发生在矿物表面的地球化学反应的研究方法可为构建更为精确的地球化学模型提供理论基础。 相似文献
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Solute-based geochemical mass balance methods are commonly used in small-watershed studies to estimate rates of a variety of geochemical processes at the Earth’s surface, including primary-mineral weathering and soil formation, and the quantitative contribution of these elemental transfer processes to cation budgets, nutrient cycling, and landscape susceptibility to acid deposition. Weathering rates of individual minerals in watershed mass-balance studies are determined by solving a system of simultaneous linear geochemical mass-balance equations with constant (stoichiometric) coefficients. These equations relate the measured net fluxes to the (known) stoichiometries and (unknown) rates of weathering reactions for multiple minerals in the weathering profiles. Solving the system of equations requires petrologic, mineralogic, hydrologic, botanical, and aqueous geochemical data. The number of mineral-weathering rates that can be determined is limited by the number of elements for which solute mass-balance equations can be written. In addition to calculating mineral weathering rates, elemental transfer into or out of the biomass may also be calculated. Elemental uptake by aggrading forest vegetation can act as an intrawatershed sink for at least some mineral-derived cations, producing mineral weathering rates higher than would be estimated from solute fluxes alone; similarly, element release from decaying forest biomass can result in higher solute fluxes than are produced by weathering alone. The mathematics of, significant contributions from, role of biomass in, and recent advances in, watershed geochemical mass-balance methods are discussed using examples from the Appalachian headwaters watersheds of the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in the southern Blue Ridge Physiographic Province of North Carolina, USA. 相似文献
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Umit Ozer Abdulkadir Karadogan Ali Kahriman Mehmet Aksoy 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(3):711-721
This research was performed on the quarry that will be opened to produce aggregates and rock filling material at Catalagzi region at Zonguldak province in Turkey. However, there are some structures which can be adversely affected by blasting at the quarry. These structures are a methane exploration drill hole and a house at the distances of 340 and 390 m, respectively. One of the main goals of this study is to perform a preliminary assessment of possible damage effect of ground vibrations induced by blasting on these structures by risk analysis based on ground vibration measurements. In order to propose a preliminary blast design models separately for aggregate and rock filling material production, six test shots with different maximum charge per delay were planned and fired at the quarry. In these shots, 90 events were recorded. To predict peak particle velocity (PPV), the relationship between the recorded peak particle velocities and scaled distances were investigated. During this investigation, the data pairs were statistically analyzed and a PPV prediction equation specific to this site with 95% prediction line were obtained. And also, this equation was used in the derivation of the practical blasting charts specific to this site as a practical way of predicting the peak particle velocity and maximum charge per delay for future blasting. A risk analysis was performed by using this equation. In the light of this analysis, preliminary blast design models were proposed to be used in this quarry for aggregate and rock filling material production. 相似文献
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The prediction of borate mineral equilibria in natural waters: Application to Searles Lake, California 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
The chemical equilibrium model of
et al. (1984) has been extended to include borate species. The model is based upon the semi-empirical equations of
(1973) and coworkers and is valid to high ionic strength (≈14 m) and high borate concentration. Excellent agreement with the existing emf, isopiestic and solubility data in the system (Na-K-Ca-Mg-H-Cl-SO4-CO2-B(OH)4-H2O) is obtained. Calculated mineral solubilities are in general within 10% of their experimental values, even at high ionic strengths.
The model was applied to the multicomponent, high ionic strength (I ˜ 10) and high borate concentration (BT ˜ 0.5 m) Searles Lake evaporite deposit. Utilizing the chemical composition of the interstitial brine, the model predicts equilibrium between the brine and only those minerals which are known to be in contact with the brine. These calculations clearly demonstrate the applicability of the model to high ionic strength, high borate concentration natural waters.
The model was also utilized to calculate the mineral sequences which should result from evaporation of the major source of water for Searles Lake, the Owens River. The geochemical conditions necessary for the formation of the most recent mud and saline units are examined. The final results indicate that the mineral sequences found in the most recent saline unit in Searles Lake can be produced by evaporation of a water close in composition to present Owens River water, provided primary dolomite formation is delayed and back reaction between the Parting Mud and the Upper Salt is inhibited. 相似文献
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冲积平原区生态地球化学调查方法技术研究中矿物鉴定和化学分析结果对比研究表明，土壤中化学元素的含量及其分布特征主要取决于土壤对成壤母质中各种矿物成分的继承，元素的区域地球化学背景差异和在不同深度的含量变化均可通过矿物和矿物组合特征较为直接地示踪显现，土壤中矿物组成对其化学元素含量的影响是直接的、决定性的。因此，利用土壤的矿物组成确定其常量和微量元素的初始值具有重要意义。据此可进一步解析土壤中元素地球化学异常成因，判别土壤的元素地球化学异常类型。 相似文献
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J. Tremosa D. Arcos J.M. Matray F. Bensenouci E.C. Gaucher C. Tournassat J. Hadi 《Applied Geochemistry》2012
For safety evaluation of hazardous waste repositories in clay-rocks, a thorough assessment of porewater chemistry and water–rock interactions is required. However, this objective is a challenging task due to the low hydraulic conductivity and water content of such rocks, which subsequently renders porewater sampling difficult (without inducing perturbations). For this reason, an indirect approach was developed to determine porewater composition of clay-rocks, by a geochemical model of water–rock interaction using some properties of the rock and the solution. The goal of this paper is to obtain the porewater composition of the Toarcian/Domerian argillaceous formation at Tournemire (South of France), for which a reliable model is still lacking. The following work presents a comprehensive characterization of the geochemical system of the Tournemire clay-rock, including mineralogy, petrology, mobile anions, cation exchange properties, accessible porosity and CO2 partial pressure. Perturbation corrections from fracture water sampling were also computed. These water were found in sealed fractures (Beaucaire et al., 2008) and their radiocarbon apparent age is estimated at 20 ka. Their age together with their equilibrium situation allow considering these fracture waters as representative of the formation porewater. The model developed to calculate the Tournemire porewater composition is essentially based on cation exchange by a multi-site approach, but equilibrium with some mineral phases (calcite, quartz and pyrite) is also considered. Different exchange sites of different affinities towards cations are used, which proportions are given by the mineralogy. Exchange on illite is performed with a three-sites model, while one site is considered for smectite phases. Multi-site model results are compared with corrected fracture water data and two other models: a model only based on mineral equilibrium and a model using cation exchange on one global site. The best results were obtained with the models that take into account cation exchange and particularly with the multi-site model. The interest in considering a model with exchange sites of different affinities is particularly obvious for a satisfactory representation of the K+ content in solution. A dependence of K+ content to the amount of high affinity sites was observed, leading to an improvement of its simulation when uncertainty on mineralogical data is considered. Once validated, the multi-site model was applied at different levels of the Tournemire argillaceous formation to obtain a profile of the porewater composition. 相似文献
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自生泥晶,也称作原地微晶碳酸钙或原地灰泥以区分他生泥晶或异地泥晶,指的是通过无机和/或有机媒介过程作用在原地形成的泥晶碳酸钙。在前人的基础上,对自生泥晶概念的提出和发展进行了概括;对自生泥晶的矿物组成、显微结构、荧光和阴极发光特征进行了总结;对自生泥晶的形成过程和来源（包括生物矿化作用、有机矿化作用和无机沉淀三种方式）进行了探讨;对自生泥晶在不同沉积环境碳酸盐岩中的贡献及其地球化学指示进行了论述;对自生泥晶在地质历史时期的分布做了归纳;最后对自生泥晶的后续研究提出了一些展望。认为正确认识自生泥晶的性质,其形成过程和来源对碳酸盐岩的结构成因分类、地质历史时期生物礁丘的演化和地球化学指示、建筑工程和环境修复、探寻地外生命和油气地质等方面都将产生深远的影响。 相似文献
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黄河内蒙古段上覆水、悬浮物和底泥重金属特征及生态风险研究 总被引：24，自引：12，他引：12
系统地采集黄河内蒙古段上覆水、悬浮物和底泥样品,分析其中重金属元素的含量。采用地质累积指数法和潜在生态危害系数法,研究了黄河干流内蒙古段的上覆水、悬浮物和底泥的重金属沿程分布特征、污染程度和生态风险。分析结果显示:除了As元素,悬浮物中重金属元素含量总体上高于底泥中的含量。地质累积指数法评价结果表明:悬浮物和底泥属于无污染—中度污染,悬浮物总体上比底泥污染严重;潜在生态危害系数法评价结果表明:底泥和悬浮物中重金属的生态危害总体上属轻微状态;因此,生态风险指数法和地质累积指数评价结果基本一致。 相似文献
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XU Wang ZHENG Guodong MA Xiangxian Danielle FORTIN David R. HILTON LIANG Shouyun CHEN Zhi HU Guoyi 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(6):2201-2213
Organic-inorganic interactions occurring in petroleum-related mud volcanoes can help predict the chemical processes that are responsible for methane emissions to the atmosphere. Seven samples of mud breccia directly ejected from one crater were collected in the Dushanzi mud volcano, along with one argillite sample of the original reddish host rocks distal from the crater, for comparison purposes. The mineral and chemical compositions as well as iron species of all samples were determined using XRD, XRF and M?ssbauer spectroscopy, respectively. The results indicate that a series of marked reactions occurred in the mud volcano systems, more specifically in the mud breccia when compared to the original rocks. Changes mainly included: (1) some conversion of clay minerals from smectite into chlorite and illite, and the precipitation of secondary carbonate minerals such as calcite and siderite; (2) silicon depletion and significant elemental enrichment of iron, manganese, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus; and (3) transformation of iron from ferric species in hematite and smectite into ferrous species in siderite, chlorite and illite. These geochemical reactions likely induced the color changes of the original reddish Neogene argillite to the gray or black mud breccia, as a result of reduction of elements and/or alteration of minerals associated with the oxidation of hydrocarbons. Our results also suggest that greenhouse gases emitted from the mud volcanoes are lowered through a series of methane oxidation reactions and carbon fixation (i.e., through carbonate precipitation). 相似文献
16.
Di Zhou 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1985,24(2):207-222
Conventional analyses of exploration geochemical data assume that the background is a constant or slowly changing value, equivalent to a plane or a smoothly curved surface. However, it is better to regard the geochemical background as a rugged surface, varying with changes in geology and environment. This rugged surface can be estimated from observed geological, geochemical and environmental properties by using multivariate statistics.A method of background adjustment was developed and applied to groundwater and stream sediment reconnaissance data collected from the Hot Springs Quadrangle, South Dakota, as part of the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) program. Source-rock lithology appears to be a dominant factor controlling the chemical composition of groundwater or stream sediments. The most efficacious adjustment procedure is to regress uranium concentration on selected geochemical and environmental variables for each lithologic unit, and then to delineate anomalies by a common threshold set as a multiple of the standard deviation of the combined residuals. Robust versions of regression and RQ-mode principal components analysis techniques were used rather than ordinary techniques to guard against distortion caused by outliers Anomalies delineated by this background adjustment procedure correspond with uranium prospects much better than do anomalies delineated by conventional procedures. The procedure should be applicable to geochemical exploration at different scales for other metals. 相似文献
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多龙矿集区控矿构造信息提取、识别与融合 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西藏多龙矿集区近年来发现了大量的铜、金矿床,具有可观的资源潜力而倍受关注。通过对区内地质调查及矿产勘查数据的系统梳理与二次开发,利用基于分形理论的空间分析方法对该区成矿背景、构造格架等方面进行了深入细致的研究与探索。通过主成分分析方法,将水系沉积物地球化学数据中与斑岩铜金成矿相关元素和构造活动指示元素进行融合,并利用S-A(能谱-面积)模型对元素组合异常进行信息挖掘工作。结果表明,与区内构造格架相关的地球化学异常空间分布模式在指示矿化的同时,还对其与区域断裂构造之间的成生关系具有相当程度的指示意义。此外,区内开展的空间定量研究同时表明,S-A(能谱-面积)模型对描述由特定地质作用所造成的异常空间分布模式的自相似性有效,特别是针对地球化学背景模式的空间定量化描述,能更加深刻地刻画区内的构造格架并反映成矿背景。其结果推断了控制区内斑岩成矿系统的网格状断裂体系。此外,数据分析建模过程为在该区开展进一步的多元信息提取与融合提供了思路和借鉴经验,有利于找矿新靶区的发现与圈定。 相似文献
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Using the materials from the catalogue of seismic events in the Siberian region, we estimated the impact of man’s activity on natural seismicity. Local man’s intervention into natural processes has been studied by the examples of commercial explosions during the quarry mineral mining in the Kuznetsk Basin and the exploitation of the railroad site along the shore of Lake Baikal. Seismic emission is shown to change with time under the impact of powerful monochromatic vibrators on the environment. 相似文献
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辽宁大杨树沟钼矿位于华北地台北缘燕山台褶带辽西台陷与山海关台拱结合部,八家子—杨家杖子多金属成矿带西段,是近年通过水系沉积物地球化学异常查证发现的一处大型富钼矿床。矿体全部赋存在燕山期细粒花岗岩体内,两者具有密切的时空关系和成因联系。矿体形态为脉状,向深部盲矿体增多,构成密集的矿束。找矿勘查工作经水系沉积物地球化学加密测量,土壤地球化学测量、地质测量和工程验证3个阶段。它的发现说明地质工作程度很高的东部地区仍然具有比较大的资源潜力,区域地球化学异常在矿产勘查中具有重要的向导作用。新一轮重要矿产资源勘查,应首先对成矿区带地球化学异常进行二次开发筛选,按循序渐进的查证工作原则,提高异常查证的工作质量,是多快好省的找矿方法。 相似文献
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中蒙边界地区成矿地质条件优越,资源潜力巨大,是国际、国内地学研究和勘查的热点地区.锂能已被国际上公认为未来新能源的发展方向,锂矿成为关键性战略矿产资源调查和研究的热点.随着我国锂资源需求日益增加,了解其在土壤圈中的浓度和分布对缓解我国锂资源短缺问题至关重要. 依托中蒙边界1︰100万地球化学填图数据,探讨了汇水域沉积物中锂的地球化学参数、区域地球化学分布特征以及影响因素. 中蒙边界地区汇水域沉积物锂元素中位值和平均值分别是22.50×10-6和24.46×10-6;阿尔泰构造带、阿尔泰南缘弧盆系锂含量最高,区域浓集系数分别是1.38、1.26,是锂的富集优势区;锂的区域地球化学分布主要受地质背景、成土母岩控制,地理景观、黏土含量、矿床分布等也制约着锂的分布模式. 根据85%累积频率,圈定出74个锂地球化学异常区,其中23个锂地球化学异常达到地球化学省规模,根据锂地球化学异常分布模式为该区寻找锂等稀有金属矿床提供了重要选区. 研究填补了中蒙边界地区锂地球化学分布的空白,为两国边境地区锂等稀有金属矿床对比提供基础数据,为缓解中国锂资源短缺优选了勘查靶区. 相似文献