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北羌塘沃若山地区火山岩年代学及区域地球化学对比——对晚三叠世火山-沉积事件的启示 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
藏北羌塘沃若山地区三叠系肖茶卡组之上不整合沉积超覆了一套沉火山碎屑岩夹火山岩地层,该套地层底部的玻屑凝灰岩夹层的SHRIMP锆石U—Pb年龄为（216．1±4．5）Ma,该年龄代表了沃若山地区晚三叠世火山-沉积事件的时代,它与最近获得的羌塘盆地广泛分布的那底岗日、石水河等地区的那底岗日组火山岩的形成时代基本一致,同属晚三叠世．微量元素及同位素地球化学特征表明,沃若山地区火山岩的地球化学特征与其相邻的那底岗日、石水河等地区的那底岗日组火山岩十分相似,表明该时期羌塘地区的火山岩可能具有相同的岩浆源区和相似的构造环境．羌塘盆地晚三叠世大规模火山喷发与火山-沉积事件的正确认识,对于探讨东特提斯域晚三叠世生物绝灭、气候变化与海退事件具有重要的意义,同时,对于了解晚三叠世．侏罗纪北羌塘地区新一轮盆地演化的开启时间、盆地性质及沉积特征也具有重要的意义． 相似文献
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青海省查查香卡地区晚三叠世火山岩岩石学及其构造环境 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对查查香卡地区晚三叠世火山岩岩石学特征、空间分布、形态、火山机构、火山岩与构造关系的研究,确定该套火山岩时代为晚三叠世。岩石地层单位为鄂拉山组,为一套陆相喷发火山岩,呈NW向展布于大海滩-都库隆瓦地区。以中-高钾、高钙、低钛为特征,属钙碱性系列。火山喷发活动由强到弱,岩性由中性向中酸性渐变,岩浆活动由喷发型向侵入型递进。表明岩石构造环境为陆内消减带火山岩中的造山区。是来自地壳下部的火山岩浆经分异结晶并在上涌过程中混入有上地壳物质而喷发形成。喷出时的大地构造环境为陆内造山环境,该火山岩最初可能形成于大陆边缘环境,由于A型俯冲构造活动,测区乃至鄂拉山地区产生一系列右旋走滑断裂带,受NW向右旋走滑断裂的影响,岩石孔隙加大,并出现强烈的热流活动,导致岩浆沿这些断裂带喷出地表。 相似文献
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广西合浦县白沙矿区良港矿段膨润土矿赋存于晚白垩系火山喷出岩中,矿体产出受地层及火山岩的控制,矿床的形成与火山岩活动及其风化水解作用有密切关系。通过对区域背景、矿区地质及矿体特征等进行分析,介绍本矿床地质特征及成矿模式,指出该类型膨润土矿的找矿标志。 相似文献
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山东临朐山旺及其邻区广泛出露中新世基性火山岩, 并保存完整的火山机构, 与之同时代的玛珥湖位于这些基性火山岩的环绕之中. 玛珥湖内保存了完整的沉积序列, 湖相沉积物中赋存有丰富的、种类繁多的、保存异常完好的动植物化石. 研究表明, 本区玄武质火山岩属于裂隙式和受断裂控制的中心式火山活动的产物. 在对研究区火山岩及其玛珥湖沉积物内呈稀散状态的火山灰系统取样的基础上, 利用电子探针分析方法, 重点开展了山旺中新世玄武质火山喷出气体成分和含量的实验室定量测试研究. 测试结果表明: 山旺地区中新世玄武质火山喷出的S, Cl, F 和H2O含量分别为0.18~0.24, 0.03~0.05, 0.03~0.05和0.4~0.6 wt%(质量分数); 与世界上其他地区的火山活动相比, 山旺中新世火山喷出气体S的含量较高. 山旺中新世火山喷出气体(包括S, Cl和F)对当时周围地区的环境变化造成了严重影响, 火山喷发除喷出大量氟化物气体导致周围地区动物死于氟中毒外, 还喷出了以S和Cl及其化合物为主要成分的火山气体造成当时火山盆地内温度急剧下降、形成酸雨, 甚至破坏大气臭氧层. 山旺中新世火山活动的综合环境效应能够引起周围地区生物非正常死亡或集群死亡级别的环境变化, 可以导致山旺火山盆地内生物大批死亡. 山旺玛珥湖沉积物内保存异常完好的动植物化石多数赋存在富含火山灰的页岩中, 并且其上覆的页岩中火山灰含量也较高. 这些证据支持火山活动导致了本区生物非正常死亡或集群死亡, 并被其后火山喷出的火山灰快速覆盖和埋葬, 形成保存完好的山旺古生物化石. 相似文献
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研究表明,西天山大中型富铁矿床主要赋存于伊犁石炭纪弧后盆地,铁的成矿应与早石炭世海相火山诱发的熔流体喷溢与热液交代密切相关,且盆地建造制约矿化类型及其分布.区域航磁测量获得了近东西走向的高磁异常带和北西向、东西向的低磁异常带相间分布的格局,磁场梯度变化较大,客观反映了不同构造单元中地壳物质组分的明显差异,且很好地反映了阿吾拉勒铁矿带的区域分布特点.赋存于大哈拉军山组熔岩-火山碎屑岩建造中的铁矿床主要定位于火山机构断裂系中,大多与容矿火山岩系呈不协和接触关系,其产状取决于矿床在火山机构/火山穹窿中所处的具体位置,成矿物质主要来源于火山晚期高温熔流体和岩浆热液;而赋存于伊什基里克组的铁矿床主要属于化学沉积铁矿,其定位和规模主要受控于水下沉积洼地的古地貌特征,因而它们大多与上下盘地层呈整合接触关系.因此,伊犁盆地石炭纪海相火山岩建造与海相火山-沉积建造之间的差异性,很可能是控制不同类型矿床形成与定位的第一要素. 相似文献
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巴颜喀拉及邻区中二叠世古海山的结构与演化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
巴颜喀拉地区中二叠世古海山主体由火山岩基座和碳酸盐岩顶盖所组成. 古海山基座中的主要岩石有玄武质熔岩、火山碎屑岩及复成分角砾岩; 而古海山顶盖则主要由块状的生物碎屑灰岩和生物礁灰岩所组成. 碳酸盐顶盖与火山岩基座之间呈整合或沉积不整合接触关系. 通过对古海山结构和岩石组成的分析, 本区古海山的演化至少可分为五个阶段, 即早期火山岩基座的诞生、第一期碳酸盐岩顶盖的形成、古火山的活化及第一期碳酸盐岩顶盖的破坏、紫红色钙质泥岩的沉积、第二期碳酸盐岩顶盖的重建. 在其中一个海山中, 第二期碳酸盐岩顶盖形成后又出现了一次火山活动. 在火山岩基座和碳酸盐顶盖中均发现有大量的Neoschwagerina craticulifera Schwager, Schwagerina sp.及Verbeekina sp.等蜓类化石, 表明古海山的形成和演化时间均为中二叠世的茅口期. 相似文献
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《地震地质》2015,(4)
华北东部海兴一带出露2座第四纪火山,即小山火山和大山火山,并在边庄附近隐伏了火山岩。野外考察和室内分析显示:小山火山为玛珥式火山,喷发方式为射汽岩浆喷发,影响范围仅限于火口附近,喷发物为火山渣、晶屑和火山灰;大山火山早期为爆破式喷发,后有岩浆侵入,喷发强度和规模均不大,产生了火山渣、火山集块岩和致密熔岩颈。边庄隐伏火山岩为气孔状和致密火山岩及火山角砾岩,喷发方式以弱爆破式喷发和熔岩流溢为主,喷发时代为早更新世。小山火山渣和边庄隐伏火山岩成分为玄武质,而大山火山岩Si O2含量低,属于霞石岩。氧化物含量不显示线性关系,说明它们之间不存在岩浆演化关系。3处火山岩均富集轻稀土,边庄隐伏火山岩富大离子亲石元素,无高场强元素Zr、Hf、Ti亏损,大山和小山样品强烈富集Th、U、Nb和Ta,明显负K和Ti。3处火山岩具有不同的岩石学和地球化学特征,具有相对独立的火山结构,虽均可能来自软流圈,但明显经历了不同的岩浆活动过程。 相似文献
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WANG Lei SHEN Jun YU Xiao-hui WAN Yong-kui YU Yang SHAO Bo YANG Chuan-cheng 《地震地质》2016,38(2):447-457
The Gudian Fault in the southwest of Songyuan is an important fault in the central depression of the Songliao Basin. It was recognized from the petroleum exploration data. Based on the data, we conducted shallow seismic exploration, drilling exploration, age determination(OSL) and topography measurement. The fault features and its motion characteristics are analyzed with the results of shallow seismic exploration. With stratigraphic correlation and optical stimulated luminescence dating, the latest active age of the fault is determined. The surface relief of the region to the southeast of the drilling site is relatively larger than surrounding places. An 800m long section across the fault was measured by GPSRTK, and the deformation amount across the zone was calculated. Four conclusions are drawn in this paper:(1) The Gudian Fault is arcuate in shape and shows a property of inverse fault with a length of about 66km in the reflection interface T1(bottom of the upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Group). (2) The middle part of the fault rupture is wider than the ends, narrowing or dying out outwards. According to this feature and the rupture of the bottom of the fourth segment of the upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Group, the fault can be divided into three segments, e.g. Daliba Village-Gaizijing-Guyang segment, Guyang-Shenjingzi-Julongshan Village segment and Julongshan Village-Caiyuanzi segment. (3) The yellow silt layer at the base of the upper Pleistocene series ((33.66±3.27) ka BP~50ka BP) is offset by the Gudian Fault, while the upper tawny silt layer is not influenced by the fault. Thus, the fault belongs to late Pleistocene active fault. (4) The amount of geomorphic deformation around Shenjingzi is 9m. The depth of the bottom of the upper Pleistocene series is 11m and the Huangshan Group of the mid Pleistocene series exposes to the southeast of the deformation zone. Therefore, the throw of the bottom of the upper Pleistocene series is about 20m at the sides of the deformation zone. In addition, the Qianguo M6(3/4) earthquake occurred in Songyuan area in 1119 AD. Though some studies have been done, arguments still exist on the seismogenic structure of the Qianguo M6(3/4) earthquake. Combined with others studies, Gudian Fault is considered as the seismogenic structure of the Qianguo M6(3/4) earthquake. 相似文献
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利用1998年夏季第2次青藏高原大气科学试验当雄观测站的边界层观测资料以及拉萨、改则和武汉等地探空资料,分析讨论西藏高原斜压对流边界层风、温、湿廓线的特征. 研究结果表明,高原地区白天对流边界层发展可高达2200m,显著超过中纬度平原地区和海面上对流边界层高度. 高原对流边界层中温度廓线具有较好的混合特征,湿度廓线有时在某一高度上出现湿度极大值. 高原对流边界层内热量和水汽收支分析表明,水平平流作用对边界层结构具有重要作用. 在对流边界层中平均风速垂直分布存在风切变现象. 水平温度梯度形成较强的斜压性是形成边界层风切变的主要原因. 相似文献
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THE DISTRIBUTION OF PREFERENTIAL PATHS AND ITS RELATION TO THE SOIL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE THREE GORGES AREA, CHINA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hongjiang ZHANG Jinhua CHENG Yuhu SHI Yun CHENG 《国际泥沙研究》2007,22(1):39-48
To study the characteristics of the distribution of the preferential paths and the affecting factors in the Three Gorges area, four soil profiles were dug to observe the distribution of preferential paths in the Quxi watershed in the Yangtze River basin. The Morisita exponential test method was used to examine the distribution type of preferential paths. The physical properties and infiltration characteristics of the soil were also measured to evaluate their relationship to preferential paths. The results showed that in this area, preferential paths clustered and mainly distributed in the 80-100 cm soil layer, and along the interface between the weathered layer and semi-weathered layer. There were more non-capillary pores in the 83-110 cm layer than in the other layers. It can be derived that most non-capillary pores in this layer were preferential paths caused by geological processes and rotten plant roots. The percentage of coarse soil particles increased with the depth of the soil layer. In the deeper soil layer, the coarse soil particles helped the formation of preferential paths. The fastest steady infiltration rate was observed in the of 83-110cm layer, which is inferred to be due to the greater number of preferential paths. 相似文献
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Consider the mathematical model of a horizontally layered system subject to an initial downgoing source pulse in the upper layer and to the condition that no upgoing waveforms enter the layered system from below the deepest interface. The downgoing waveform (as measured from its first arrival) in each layer is necessarily minimum-phase. The net downgoing energy in any layer, defined as the difference of the energy spectrum of the downgoing wave minus the energy spectrum of the upgoing wave, is itself in the form of an energy spectrum, that is, it is non-negative for all frequencies. The z-transform of the autocorrelation function corresponding to the net downgoing energy spectrum is called the net downgoing spectral function for the layer in question. The net downgoing spectral functions of any two layers A and B are related as follows: the product of the net downgoing spectral function of layer A times the overall transmission coefficient from A to B equals the product of the net downgoing spectral function of layer B times the overall transmission coefficient from B to A. The net downgoing spectral function for the upper layer is called simply the spectral function of the system. In the case of a marine seismogram, the autocorrelation function corresponding to the spectral function can be used to recursively generate prediction error operators of successively increasing lengths, and at the same time the reflection coefficients at successively increasing depths. This recursive method is mathematically equivalent to that used in solving the normal equations in the case of Toeplitz forms. The upgoing wave-form in any given layer multiplied by the direct transmission coefficient from that layer to the surface is equal to the convolution of the corresponding prediction error operator with the surface seismogram. The downgoing waveform in this given layer multiplied by the direct transmission coefficient from that layer to the surface is equal to the convolution of the corresponding hindsight error operator (i.e., the time reverse of the prediction error operator) with the surface seismogram. 相似文献
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D. LYNESS 《Geophysical Prospecting》1985,33(4):567-576
A series of gravity measurements were taken over a period of time (c. 150 days each) above two adjacent working coal faces. Precise levelling and gravity measurements were taken along the same profile before, during, and after seam extraction. The observed change in gravity agrees well with the levelling data. The combined data sets illustrate the validity of a simple Bouguer relationship for the gravity gradient. The results of two-dimensional modelling are used to estimate the gravitational effect of the extracted material. A local feature detected only on the gravity signal may be due to an outcropping limestone layer. This controlled experiment demonstrates the possibility of using high-precision gravity measurements as a substitute for levelling, particularly in surveys of large areal extent where the cost of obtaining comprehensive coverage by levelling may be prohibitive. 相似文献
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A. ERCAN 《Geophysical Prospecting》1981,29(1):89-101
The objective of this study is to generate the separation-distance-domain (r-domain) transformation of the theoretically calculated wave number domain (m-domain) electromagnetic induction field component Bz(m, ω) of a stratified medium and to search for interpretive information which has been absent in the previously achieved numerical solutions of the problem. The r-domain kernel R?(r, ω) function defining the induction field appears to adequately reflect the layering and electrical properties of the medium if it is expressed as a function of the frequency if the source-receiver separation r is small with respect to the thickness of the first layer. However, exact values of the conductivity cannot be distinguished from those of the neighboring values unless a resistive basement layer is present. This feature is the result of the truncation in series representation of the kernel function R?(m, ω). However, this truncation is regarded as significant in the case of a conductive first layer. In m-domain static-zone studies, a conductive first layer slightly influences its r-domain correspondent. Although the computational cost of obtaining the kernel B(r, ω) by evaluation of the convolution in a cylindrical coordinate system is high, this semi-analytic solution is still superior to those based on the asymptotic assumptions. 相似文献