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火山岩储层特征与油气成藏模式研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
火山岩油气藏的勘探历史已经有一百二十多年,经历了偶然发现、初步勘探和深入研究三个发展阶段,火山岩从油气勘探的禁区转变为重要领域.目前火山岩油气藏在油气总量中占的比例并不大,但是已展现出良好的油气前景,成为新的油气增长点,越来越受到油气勘探界的重视.本文分析了火山岩岩性、岩相的研究现状,将火山岩的储集空间分为原生孔隙、原生裂缝、次生孔隙、次生裂缝4个大类,13个小类.火山岩的成藏模式有岩性成藏模式、构造成藏模式、构造-岩性成藏模式、风化壳成藏模式等.针对火山岩储层的复杂性,亟需以火山岩储层地质理论为指导,结合岩心、重磁力、测井、地震资料,建立一套有针对性的研究方法,全面评价火山岩储层特征和空间展布. 相似文献
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海洋油气勘探尤其是深水勘探面临着三高难题——高成本、高风险、高技术.如何对储层进行准确预测,是地球物理工作者及地球物理技术亟待解决的问题.本文对火山机构喷发机理及其地球物理特征进行分析,结合邻近工区在火山发育特征规律的认识成果,针对南中国海深水区目标区内典型火山发育,运用常规地震时间切片、剖面分析及沿层均方根振幅属性和沿层小时窗三维地震镂空显示等技术,分析了目标火山发育情况、火山岩喷溢情况、地震反射特征及岩相分布,并建立了该类型火山发育特征、岩相分布规律以及空间展布规律及变化特征的认识.本文的研究成果为该地区准确识别火山发育及预测其分布规律提供了参考,尤其是在钻井少的情况下进行地质异体常识别和储层预测,有利于该地区石油天然气勘探工作以及区域地质认识. 相似文献
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火山岩构造变位较为强烈,岩性复杂,岩相变化快,储层非均质性强,储层分布影响因素较多,造成火山岩储层预测比较困难.本文分析莺山地区火山岩岩石物理特征,优选火山岩岩性、储层敏感弹性参数,认为储层主要发育在流纹岩和安山岩中.根据叠前AVO同步反演预测结果划分有利储层分布范围,考虑次级断裂及火山机构、火山岩相带等因素对储层分布的影响,得出了研究区储层有利区综合平面分布范围.将反演预测结果与已有钻井进行对比分析,验证反演结果.研究表明,通过地震属性分析及叠前AVO同步反演能有效地预测火山岩储层,为储层评价和井位建议提出可靠依据,应用效果良好. 相似文献
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运用火山地质学理论研究竹田头火山机构 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
系采用火山活动旋回一火山构造－火山地层－岩性、岩相一体化思路对浙东谷来地区的竹田头复活破火山机构进行地质填图的一些认识,主要有如下五点：１．采用火山旋回一火山构造－火山地层－岩性、岩相一体化思路在火山岩区进行地质填图,取得了很好的地质效果;２．区域火山地层层序的厚定,首先应在同一旋回的火山岩区进行地质填图,取得了很好的地质效果;２．区域火山地层层序的厘定,首先应在同一旋回的火山机构内,测制剖面,厘 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2016,(5)
莺山地区火山岩的岩石类型复杂,区域分布状况不均衡,岩性横向变化快,物性致密,火山岩油气藏勘探难度大.火山岩喷发特征研究能够揭示火山岩空间展布规律和不同岩性组合的成因联系,能够为火山岩储层勘探提供有效的指导.通过钻井、测井及三维地震等资料的综合分析,将莺山地区营城组火山岩划分为三个旋回,六个期次.在精细分期次层序约束的框架下,利用相干体技术和趋势面分析法并结合火山机构在地震上的响应特征,分期次地识别火山口及火山机构,通过分析各个期次火山机构分布及演化特征开展本区火山岩喷发特征研究,总结了本区火山岩喷发规律.研究结果表明:莺山地区营城组火山岩喷发具有阶段性和差异性,各期次喷发强度差异大,总体表现为逐渐增强的趋势,旋回内部表现为先强后弱的特征.方向由东南向西北迁移,主要形成东、中、西三个大的火山机构发育带. 相似文献
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三界谷来地区主要出露中,新生代火山岩,进行１／５万区域地质调查时,采用火山活动旋回－火山构造－火山地层－岩相、岩性一体化思路,按照同旋回火 山机构或火山喷发区为单元,确定岩石地层单位和填图单位。火山岩划分为九种岩相类型,建立了两个岩相模式和一个三相一体成因模式。 相似文献
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火山岩储层发育受岩性岩相的控制,为了提高岩性岩相地震识别的精度,选择松辽盆地南部长岭断陷营城组和火石岭组典型钻井火山岩进行井旁地震相分析,分别建立了酸性和中基性火山岩的岩相识别的模版.酸性与中基性火山岩最明显的差别为爆发相和喷溢相之间的差异,酸性岩爆发相具有席状,板状,平行—亚平行反射,连续性好、局部中等,强振幅,低频的特征;酸性岩喷溢相具有楔状、局部透镜,波形反射特征,连续性中—差,中弱振幅、见中强振幅,中高频特征.中基性岩爆发相具有板状,楔状,蠕虫形反射、偶见亚平行反射,中高振幅,中高频,连续性差、见连续性中—好的特征;中基性岩喷溢相具有板状,楔状,平行—亚平行反射、局部波形反射,连续性中等、局部较差,中强振幅,中频、局部高频的特征.根据酸性、中基性火山岩不同的电性特征,结合火山岩段表现的地震内部反射结构,几何形态等地震相特征.总结出不同火山岩之间地震相与测井相的对应关系,为新区识别火山岩相,预测火山岩储层,划分有利储集相带提供依据. 相似文献
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Pliocene–Recent volcanic outcrops at Seal Nunataks and Beethoven Peninsula (Antarctic Peninsula) are remnants of several
monogenetic volcanoes formed by eruption of vesiculating basaltic magma into shallow water, in an englacial environment. The
diversity of sedimentary and volcanic lithofacies present in the Antarctic Peninsula outcrops provides a clear illustration
of the wide range of eruptive, transportational and depositional processes which are associated with englacial Surtseyan volcanism.
Early-formed pillow lava and glassy breccia, representing a pillow volcano stage of construction, are draped by tephra erupted
explosively during a tuff cone stage. The tephra was resedimented around the volcano flanks, mainly by coarse-grained sediment
gravity flows. Fine-grained lithofacies are rare, and fine material probably bypassed the main volcanic edifice, accumulating
in the surrounding englacial basin. The pattern of sedimentation records variations in eruption dynamics. Products of continuous-uprush
eruptions are thought to be represented by stacks of poorly bedded gravelly sandstone, whereas better bedded, lithologically
more diverse sequences accumulated during periods of quiescence or effusive activity. Evidence for volcano flank failure is
common. In Seal Nunataks, subaerial lithofacies (mainly lavas and cinder cone deposits) are volumetrically minor and occur
at a similar stratigraphical position to pillow lava, suggesting that glacial lake drainage may have occurred prior to or
during deposition of the subaerial lithofacies. By contrast, voluminous subaerial effusion in Beethoven Peninsula led to the
development of laterally extensive stratified glassy breccias representing progradation of hyaloclastite deltas.
Received: 5 February 1996 / Accepted: 17 January 1997 相似文献
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The Highway–Reward massive sulphide deposit is hosted by a silicic volcanic succession in the Cambro-Ordovician Seventy Mile Range Group, northeastern Australia. Three principal lithofacies associations have been identified in the host succession: the volcanogenic sedimentary facies association, the primary volcanic facies association and the resedimented syn-eruptive facies association. The volcanogenic sedimentary facies association comprises volcanic and non-volcanic siltstone and sandstone turbidites that indicate submarine settings below storm wave base. Lithofacies of the primary volcanic facies association include coherent rhyolite, rhyodacite and dacite, and associated non-stratified breccia facies (autoclastic breccia and peperite). The resedimented volcaniclastic facies association contains clasts that were initially formed and deposited by volcanic processes, but then redeposited by mass-flow processes. Resedimentation was more or less syn-eruptive so that the deposits are essentially monomictic and clast shapes are unmodified. This facies association includes monomictic rhyolitic to dacitic breccia (resedimented autoclastic facies), siltstone-matrix rhyolitic to dacitic breccia (resedimented intrusive hyaloclastite or resedimented peperite) and graded lithic-crystal-pumice breccia and sandstone (pumiceous and crystal-rich turbidites). The graded lithic-crystal-pumice breccia and sandstone facies is the submarine record of a volcanic centre(s) that is not preserved or is located outside the study area. Pumice, shards, and crystals are pyroclasts that reflect the importance of explosive magmatic and/or phreatomagmatic eruptions and suggest that the source vents were in shallow water or subaerial settings.The lithofacies associations at Highway–Reward collectively define a submarine, shallow-intrusion-dominated volcanic centre. Contact relationships and phenocryst populations indicate the presence of more than 13 distinct porphyritic units with a collective volume of 0.5 km3. Single porphyritic units vary from <10 to 350 m in thickness and some are less than 200 m in diameter. Ten of the porphyritic units studied in the immediate host sequence to the Highway–Reward deposit are entirely intrusive. Two of the units lack features diagnostic of their emplacement mechanism and could be either lavas and intrusions. Direct evidence for eruption at the seafloor is limited to a single partly extrusive cryptodome. However, distinctive units of resedimented autoclastic breccia indicate the presence nearby of additional lavas and domes.The size and shape of the lavas and intrusions reflect a restricted supply of magma during eruption/intrusion, the style of emplacement, and the subaqueous emplacement environment. Due to rapid quenching and mixing with unconsolidated clastic facies, the sills and cryptodomes did not spread far from their conduits. The shape and distribution of the lavas and intrusions were further influenced by the positions of previously or concurrently emplaced units. Magma preferentially invaded the sediment, avoiding the older units or conforming to their margins. Large intrusions and their dewatered envelope may have formed a barrier to the lateral progression and ascent of subsequent batches of magma. 相似文献
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辽河盆地东部坳陷储集层由火山多期喷发形成,岩相岩性复杂,岩性以中、基性火山岩为主.本文将火山岩的岩心及岩矿鉴定资料与测井数据进行整合,应用测井数据建立支持向量机(SVM)两分类和多分类岩性识别模式.首先,深入研究支持向量机二分类及"一对一"、"一对多"和有向无环图三种经典多分类算法的基本原理及结构;然后,总结研究区域火山岩岩石特征,分析测井数据的测井响应组合特征,选择40口井中岩心分析和薄片鉴定资料完整、常规五种测井曲线(RLLD,CNL,DEN,AC,GR)齐全的1200个测井数据作为训练样本,构造三种支持向量机岩性识别模式;最后,对4测试井中800个测井数据进行岩性识别,识别结果与取心段岩心描述和岩心/岩屑薄片鉴定资料对比,实验结果表明有向无环图更适合辽河盆地火山岩的识别,识别正确率达到82.3%. 相似文献
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The regional variation of physical and geochemical characteristics of Central American volcanoes occurs in two fundamentally different patterns. The first pattern is symmetrical about Nicaragua. Crustal thickness, silica contents of mafic lavas and volcanic edifice heights are lowest in Nicaragua and increase smoothly toward Costa Rica to the south and Guatemala to the north. Magma density is maximum in Nicaragua and decreases smoothly outward. The regional variation in crustal thickness is just enough so that magma densities, calculated at appropriate Moho pressures, are the same at the base of the crust throughout the region. This is consistent with magma ponding at the base of the crust. The bulk compositions of Central American basalts show the same symmetrical variation. Suites of Nicaraguan basalts plotted in pseudo-ternary CMAS projections indicate large olivine and plagioclase primary-phase volumes. Toward Costa Rica and Guatemala the olivine and plagioclase fields inferred from suites of basaltic lavas are smaller, which is consistent with fractionation at increasing depth.The second pattern is the segmentation of the volcanic front and the plate margin in general. The segmentation strongly affects the spacing and size of volcanic centers. At segment boundaries volcanic centers are generally small and unusually widely spaced. Toward segment interiors volcano spacing and size increase systematically. The LIL element contents of lavas strongly reflect this pattern. For lavas with similar silica contents the larger the volcano, the higher the LIL element contents. The relationships between segmentation, volcano spacing and volcano size are compatible with diapiric rise of magma accumulated in narrow ribbons near the upper surface of the underthrust slab. The relationship between volcano volume and LIL element content is qualitatively in agreement with an open-system fractionation model. 相似文献
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辽河东部凹陷火山岩油藏为裂缝-孔隙型双重介质油藏,为此根据测井、地震等资料,运用岩心描述与薄片分析、铸体、压汞及物性测定等多种分析测试手段,系统研究了本区火山岩的分布、岩石类型、储集空间特点及油气成藏特征,深入研究了这种特殊岩性油藏的开发特征及产生这些特征的原因,提出相应有效的解决方案.应用水平井技术对火山岩油藏进行高效开发实践,具体分析了水平井技术在火山岩油藏开发中可以发挥的技术优势及局限性,认为在适合的条件下水平井技术是火山岩油藏高效开发的重要手段. 相似文献
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Large phreatomagmatic vent complex at Coombs Hills, Antarctica: Wet, explosive initiation of flood basalt volcanism in the Ferrar-Karoo LIP 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
The Mawson Formation and correlatives in the Transantarctic Mountains and South Africa record an early eruption episode related
to the onset of Ferrar-Karoo flood basalt volcanism. Mawson Formation rocks at Coombs Hills comprise mainly (≥80% vol) structureless
tuff breccia and coarse lapilli tuff cut by irregular dikes and sills, within a large vent complex (>30 km2). Quenched juvenile fragments of generally low but variable vesicularity, accretionary lapilli and country rock clasts within
vent-fill, and pyroclastic density current deposits point to explosive interaction of basalt with groundwater in porous country
rock and wet vent filling debris. Metre-scale dikes and pods of coherent basalt in places merge imperceptibly into peperite
and then into surrounding breccia. Steeply dipping to sub-vertical depositional contacts juxtapose volcaniclastic rocks of
contrasting componentry and grainsize. These sub-vertical tuff breccia zones are inferred to have formed when jets of debris
+ steam + water passed through unconsolidated vent-filling deposits. These jets of debris may have sometimes breached the
surface to form subaerial tephra jets which fed subaerial pyroclastic density currents and fall deposits. Others, however,
probably died out within vent fill before reaching the surface, allowing mixing and recycling of clasts which never reached
the atmosphere. Most of the ejecta that did escape the debris-filled vents was rapidly recycled as vents broadened via lateral
quarrying of country rock and bedded pyroclastic vent-rim deposits, which collapsed along the margins into individual vents.
The unstratified, poorly sorted deposits comprising most of the complex are capped by tuff, lapilli tuff and tuff breccia
beds inferred to have been deposited on the floor of the vent complex by pyroclastic density currents. Development of the
extensive Coombs Hills vent-complex involved interaction of large volumes of magma and water. We infer that recycling of water,
as well as recycling of pyroclasts, was important in maintaining water supply for phreatomagmatic interactions even when aquifer
rock in the vent walls lay far from eruption sites as a consequence of vent-complex widening. The proportion of recycled water
increased with vent-complex size in the same way that the proportion of recycled tephra did. Though water recycling leaves
no direct rock record, the volcaniclastic deposits within the vent complex show through their lithofacies/structural architecture,
lithofacies characteristics, and particle properties clear evidence for extensive and varied recycling of material as the
complex evolved.
Editorial responsibility: J. Donnelly-Nolan 相似文献
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自然电位、自然伽马测井曲线形态和特征与沉积相带及其储集砂体关系密切,它们对不同岩性地层特征响应十分敏感.利用自然伽马、自然电位同步减小的较大幅度评价识别渗砂层,指示划分水下分流河道主体沉积微相带;利用自然伽马、自然电位减小的幅度差评价识别低渗砂、致密砂层,指示划分水下分流河道堤泛(侧翼)沉积微相带;并以自然电位比自然伽马减小幅度的相对细小差异识别油水层.在安塞油田沿河湾地区长6自然伽马、自然电位曲线划分沉积相带及储层的应用中,建立了自然伽马、自然电位划分储层的下限标准,有效地评价了特低渗透储层沉积微相带及储层类型,提高和扩大了测井曲线的应用及效果. 相似文献