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1.
Prediction of long-term pore pressure dissipation behavior by short-term piezocone dissipation test 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The coefficient of consolidation determined from piezocone dissipation test and common interpretation methods makes the predicted dissipation curve match only at 50% degree of dissipation of the measured dissipation curve. It makes it difficult to predict the long-term pore pressure dissipation behavior of in-situ soft deposits. Therefore, based on the authors' previous result [Kim YS, Lee SR, Kim YT. Application of an optimization design technique for determining the coefficient of consolidation by using piezocone test data. Computers and Geotechnics 1997;21(4): 77–93] in which an optimized coefficient of consolidation reflects well the measured dissipation trend over the input degree of dissipation range, a systematic way of predicting a more realistic pore pressure dissipation behavior at high degree of dissipation with the optimized coefficient of consolidation is proposed. It was found that, relatively over the wide range of dissipation, the optimized coefficient of consolidation is more consistent than those determined by other researchers' methods. Applied to some real examples, it is also shown that the dissipation behavior of pore water pressure at a high degree of the dissipation range can be predicted well if the coefficient of consolidation is determined using the optimization technique with the data up to around 50% dissipation. Thus, it is expected that the proposed method saves time and expenses in conducting dissipation tests in the field. 相似文献
2.
在砂井地基固结度计算中,土的固结系数是一个十分重要的参数,土的固结系数通常通过室内试验求得,但室内取得水平向固结系数制样比较困难。利用软基处理过程中孔隙水压力监测资料来推算软土的固结系数,并和室内试验加以对比分析,总结出二者之间的相互关系及变化规律,可供同类工程设计借鉴。 相似文献
3.
将隧道周围土体视为均质连续各向同性的饱和弹性介质,采用保角变换的方法将含有隧道的半无限平面映射为同心圆环计算域。根据Terzaghi-Rendulic二维固结理论,建立隧道在不透水的情况下周围土体超孔隙水压力分布的控制方程。然后,采用分离变量法计算得到土体超孔隙水压力分布的解析解,最后,根据弹性理论计算得出隧道中线上方地表固结沉降的计算公式。结合算例,分析盾构施工扰动程度、土体渗透系数、土体弹性模量及隧道埋深等因素对隧道中心上方地表处固结沉降的影响。研究结果表明,地表固结沉降的增加值与隧道外侧初始超孔隙水压力值C0的变化量成正比例关系,施工扰动程度越大所引起的固结沉降越大;土体的渗透系数越大固结沉降速度越快,但土体的渗透系数与最终的地表固结沉降量无关;土体的弹性模量越大,最终的地表固结沉降量越小;隧道埋深越深,地表固结沉降所需时间越长,最终的地表固结沉降量也越大。 相似文献
4.
软土固结系数刍议 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在土的固结分析中,要正确估算土体中超静孔隙水压力的消散与沉降过程,重要的是确定可靠的固结系数Cv值.通过在天仙一级公路软弱地基路基工程沿线选择的二个试验场地上开展原位试验及室内试验,并结合珠江口某海区软土的固结试验数据,研究软土固结系数的规律,探讨其确定方法.研究表明：（1）由原位孔隙水压力消散试验得到的固结系数Cv值比室内高压固结试验时间平方根法所得到的相应值大一个数量级;（2）由室内高压固结试验时间平方根法所得到的固结系数Cv值大于时间对数法、反弯点法、三点法及司各脱法所得到的Cv值.（3）由于反弯点法、三点法及司各脱法确定固结系数Cv值有其各自的优点,在实际工程中均值得去尝试和推广. 相似文献
5.
Soft clay exhibits creep behavior, but simple methods of surcharge preload assessment generally do not take into account creep during primary consolidation. Because Yin–Graham’s model can predict both primary and secondary settlement, it is employed in this paper to obtain the formulae for critical settlement at the unloading time during surcharge preload and for final settlement at the end of the service life. Because “aged” soft natural clay exhibits obvious apparent preconsolidation pressure during a long-term sedimentary history as a result of creep effects and because the field permeability coefficient is considerably larger than the laboratory permeability coefficient, most field measurements indicate that the theoretical excess pore pressure based on Terzaghi’s theory is greater than the measured excess pore pressure even in soft natural clay with obvious viscous behavior. Because of the widespread application of the degree of consolidation in terms of effective stress based on Terzaghi’s theory in real preload projects, the analytical solution for the surcharge preload period subject to creep is derived through the combination of Yin–Graham’s model and Terzaghi’s theory for consolidation. Compared with the existing solution considering secondary settlement, the formula for the preload period presented in this paper is easily applied to assess the preload period using a chart. The case study described indicates that when the consolidation parameters of Terzaghi’s theory are calculated from field-measured excess pore pressure in preload tests, the surcharge preload period determined as described in this paper is suitable for preload design and performance. 相似文献
6.
《工程地质学报》2017,25(3):605-611
在以往对非饱和土砂井地基固结理论研究中,均将涂抹区与非涂抹区土体渗透系数视为相等,这与实际工程并不相符。本文将考虑涂抹区土体渗透系数的变化,分析其对超孔隙气、水压力消散规律的影响。基于Fredlund一维固结理论以及Darcy定律和Fick定律,对有限厚度线弹性非饱和土砂井地基,在大面积均布瞬时荷载作用下,考虑涂抹区土体渗透系数的变化,利用Laplace变换并引入Bessel函数推导出Laplace变换下的解,再通过Crump方法编程实现Laplace逆变换得到超孔隙气压力、超孔隙水压力的半解析解。利用典型算例进行计算,分别得到在不同半径、不同涂抹区半径和不同涂抹程度的情况下,超孔隙气压力、超孔隙水压力随时间的变化规律。得出考虑涂抹作用时,超孔隙气、水压力的消散速度降低;涂抹区半径越大、涂抹程度越高速度越慢,反之消散越快。本研究丰富了非饱和土砂井固结理论,对非饱和土砂井固结特性的研究具有一定的工程参考价值。 相似文献
7.
A closed form analytical solution for two‐dimensional plane strain consolidation of unsaturated soil stratum 
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下载免费PDF全文 This paper discusses the excess pore‐air and pore‐water pressure dissipations and the average degree of consolidation in the 2D plane strain consolidation of an unsaturated soil stratum using eigenfunction expansion and Laplace transformation techniques. In this study, the application of a constant external loading on a soil surface is assumed to immediately generate uniformly or linearly distributed initial excess pore pressures. The general solutions consisting of eigenfunctions and eigenvalues are first proposed. The Laplace transform is then applied to convert the time variable t in partial differential equations into the Laplace complex argument s. Once the domain is obtained, a simplified set of equations with variable s can be achieved. The final analytical solutions can be computed by taking a Laplace inverse. The proposed equations predict the two‐dimensional consolidation behaviour of an unsaturated soil stratum capturing the uniformly and linearly distributed initial excess pore pressures. This study investigates the effects of isotropic and anisotropic permeability conditions on variations of excess pore pressures and the average degree of consolidation. Additionally, isochrones of excess pore pressures along vertical and horizontal directions are presented. It is found that the initial distribution of pore pressures, varying with depth, results in considerable effects on the pore‐water pressure dissipation rate whilst it has insignificant effects on the excess pore‐air pressure dissipation rate. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
天然黄土具有很强的结构性,在采样、运输、制样过程中,都会对试样产生不可避免的扰动。本文基于Monte Carlo原理,选用无黏性材料石英粉、砂和黏结性材料膨润土、石膏和工业盐,采用空中自由下落法制备人工湿陷性黄土,并分别施加5kPa、10kPa、15kPa竖向固结压力,固结9个月后取样进行土工试验和电镜扫描测试。土工试验结果表明:随着固结压力的增大,抗剪强度指标得到一定提升,湿陷峰值系数减小。通过扫描电镜微观结构分析表明:架空孔隙受固结压力作用影响较大,粒间孔隙对固结压力作用反应相对迟钝;随着固结压力的增大,颗粒的各向异性、面积比和等效直径增大,而扁圆度和充填比减小。土的内摩擦角、黏聚力和湿陷系数等力学参数与面积比、充填比、等效直径、各向异性、扁圆度等微结构性参数存在着良好的相关关系。从微观角度证明该人工制备湿陷性黄土是一种较为理想的湿陷性黄土模型试验相似材料。 相似文献
9.
基于丁洲祥等提出的大变形主、次固结耦合模型,研究了在小变形情况下退化的主、次固结耦合模型。首先对该模型进行了无量纲化处理,引入了新的主、次固结耦合系数 。当 0时,模型即退化为经典的Terzaghi固结模型。采用有限差分法分析了新模型中超静孔压的变化规律发现,当主、次固结耦合系数 时,固结初期的超静孔压出现类似Mandel效应的增大现象,并且 值越大,这种现象愈加明显;Terzaghi主固结理论预测的超静孔压值一般会偏小于考虑主、次固结耦合情况下的结果。上述现象区别于Mandel效应的本质原因在于主、次固结耦合效应,这与殷建华等的EVP模型较早论述的黏性效应本质是一致的,但本文模型的表述相对而言更为简洁。最后结合Mesri和Godlewski的 概念,提出了 的确定方法及模型的改进形式,其结果为主、次固结耦合理论的深入研究和工程应用提供了新的参考。 相似文献
10.
The coefficient of consolidation is one of the most important parameters that control the rate of consolidation. Conventional consolidation theories assume that the coefficient of consolidation is constant during the whole consolidation process. In the case of sensitive clay, the coefficient of consolidation is strongly dependent on the level of effective stress of clay. With the dissipation of pore water pressure and the increase of effective stress, the soil structure of the upper subsoil is gradually destroyed downwards and its coefficient of consolidation becomes smaller. At the same time, the coefficient of permeability of the vertical drains drops down because of the kinking or bending effect. The destructured upper subsoil and the kinking of the vertical drain hinder the dissipation of the pore pressure in the lower subsoil. This paper presents a model to describe the above important phenomena during the consolidation of sensitive clay with vertical drain. The solution for proposed model can be obtained by extending the closed‐form solution of the consolidation of double‐layered ground with vertical drain by the interactive method introducing the concept of the moving boundary and the reduction of discharge capacity of vertical drain. The numerical results obtained from the finite element method package PLAXIS (Ver. 7.2) are adopted to compare those obtained from the present algorithm. Moreover, the rationality of the moving boundary is explained by the distributions of the excess pore water pressure in natural soil zone along the radial direction. Wenzhou airport project is taken as a case study in this paper. The results for the sensitive soil with decaying sand drain agree very well with the in situ measured data. The calculated results can properly explain two general phenomena observed in the consolidation of soft sensitive soil ground with vertical drains: one is that the time to achieve the same consolidation degree is much longer under heavy loading than that under light loading; the other is that the consolidation speed is much slower in the lower subsoil than in the upper subsoil. Finally, it is indicated that the vertical drains can decrease the hindrance effect of the destructured subsoil. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
11.
General approximate analytical solutions are developed for one-dimensional consolidation with consideration of the threshold gradient under a time-dependent loading. A comparison is made between the present solution and some available numerical solutions for a particular case, and the results show that the approach employed in this article is reasonable. The influence of the threshold gradient and the loading period on consolidation behaviour is investigated, and the results show that the moving boundary of seepage moves downward gradually. The greater the threshold gradient is, the slower the boundary moves. The excess pore pressure will not be completely dissipated at the end of consolidation, and the larger the threshold gradient is, the greater the residual excess pore pressure is. The average degree of consolidation considering the threshold gradient defined by settlement is different from that defined by pore pressure. Moreover, the greater the threshold gradient is, the larger the average degree of consolidation in terms of strain, whereas the smaller the average degree of consolidation in terms of stress. It is also shown that the longer the loading period is, the longer the time moving boundary takes to reach the bottom of the layer, and the greater the average degree of consolidation is. 相似文献
12.
软黏土层一维有限应变固结的超静孔压消散研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据土力学固结理论计算分析软黏土层固结过程的超静孔隙水压力值,确定软黏土体固结过程的强度增长,对排水固结法处理软土地基至关重要。软黏土层固结过程中土体变形较大时,有限应变固结理论和小应变固结理论计算分析软黏土固结所得结果差异较大。利用非线性有限元法及程序,通过对软黏土层固结工程算例的计算结果分析,研究了有限应变固结理论和小应变固结理论计算分析软黏土层一维固结超静孔压值消散的差异;探讨了软黏土体一维固结过程中,几何非线性、土体渗透性变化和压缩性变化对超静孔隙水压力消散的影响。研究结果表明,当土体的变形较大时,有限应变固结理论计算出的超静孔压要比小应变固结理论得到的值消散的更快。考虑土体固结过程中渗透性的变化时,超静孔压消散变慢;可用软黏土渗透性变化指数ck 反映渗透性变化对超静孔压消散的影响,渗透性变化指数ck值越小、超静孔压消散越慢。固结过程中软黏土压缩性的大小及变化也影响超静孔压的消散,可用软黏土的压缩指数cc反映固结过程中压缩性的大小及变化对超静孔压消散的影响,软黏土的压缩指数cc越小,固结过程软黏土层中的超静孔压消散越快。 相似文献
13.
14.
The excess pore pressure generated by pile installation gradually dissipates following installation, which mainly dominates the increase of pile capacity with time. The dissipation of the excess pore pressure following pile installation has been widely investigated by experimental and theoretical studies. However, in most research, the consolidation coefficients were assumed to be constant for simplification, which may lead to errors. In the present study, the dissipation of the excess pore pressure is analyzed by radial consolidation theory with a variable consolidation coefficient based on the linear responses of e − ln(p′) and e − log(k). The governing equation of the radial consolidation considering variable compressibility and permeability are solved by the variable separation method. Bessel functions are used to solve the differential functions for the time independent part. The excess pore pressure immediately after pile installation is obtained from cavity expansion theory and is used as the initial condition of the consolidation process. Moreover, the influences of variable compressibility and permeability on the variation of consolidation coefficient and excess pore pressure dissipation are analyzed. 相似文献
15.
在底部可测孔压的固结仪内进行单面排水固结试验时,观测到试样底部的孔压可出现滞后现象。为分析其原因,考虑加载引起的动力效应,建立以竖向应变为求解对象的一维动力固结方程,并用有限差分法进行求解。引入新指标CD来综合考虑试样压缩模量、渗透系数、密度以及土样厚度等4个参数对动力效应的影响,探讨了该指标对固结过程中孔隙水压力的影响。计算结果表明,瞬时加载引起的动力效应是引起试样内孔压滞后的一个原因,并且对于压缩模量或渗透系数较大的试样,更易出现孔压滞后现象,同时动力效应对固结度的影响则主要体现在固结的前期。最后讨论了固结分析时可以忽略动力效应的范围。 相似文献
16.
原位测试技术分析软土的应力历史可以避免取样及室内土工试验对土样的扰动,其结果能真实地反映现场土体的工程特性。以往基于孔压静力触探（CPTU）测试技术的超固结比（OCR）计算方法主要是针对超固结土取得的,缺乏对现场处于欠固结状态土体的考虑,具有一定的局限性。在已有研究成果的基础上,提出采用不完全孔压消散曲线的末段及时间平方根倒数外推法计算原位初始孔压,如果初始孔压大于静水压力,表明原位土层中存在固有孔压,为欠固结土。在此基础上,通过计算固结状态参数,可进一步对软土层的欠固结程度进行定量评价。工程应用表明,该方法不受软土性质和地域限制,具有普遍适用性,是合理可行的。在缺乏室内固结试验成果的情况下,可高效快捷地判别软土层的固结状态。研究成果对合理评价欠固结软土的工程特性具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
17.
假定土体的应力-应变关系满足双曲线模型、渗透系数的降低与压缩系数的减小成正比以及初始有效应力沿深度均匀分布,推导出任意荷载下单层地基的非线性一维固结方程。结合具体的定解条件采用分离变量法求出土体有效应力的通解,并进一步求出超静孔隙水压力、按沉降定义的平均固结度Us以及按孔隙水压力定义的平均固结度Up的通解。根据通解求出梯形低频循环荷载作用下的解,并找出循环荷载作用下土体固结性状的影响因素。基于循环荷载作用下的解,采用FORTRAN语言编制了计算程序,计算并分析考虑土体本构关系非线性时的固结性状,以及反映土体本构特征的参数E和n对固结性状的影响。计算结果表明：①Us稍大于Up;②距排水平面越近,附加有效应力受加载方式的影响越明显,距排水平面越远则相反;③E和n对Us的影响很小,可以忽略不计;④E和n对Up和附加有效应力的影响较大且不容忽略。 相似文献
18.
地铁荷载下不同固结度软黏土的孔压试验模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地铁运营前下卧层土体存在不同程度固结,这会影响到运营期隧道周围土体中孔压的变化,进而产生不均匀沉降。通过GDS循环三轴试验系统对杭州饱和软黏土进行动力测试,研究了固结度、固结应力、循环应力比对孔压发展的影响。在现有研究成果的基础上建立了考虑初始固结程度的孔压模型。研究表明：循环荷载下饱和软黏土的孔压发展形态比应变发展形态更具规律性,固结程度愈高的土体孔压发展愈缓慢,并且随振动次数增加,在较低的孔压水平就可达到稳定。预测地铁长期荷载下土体的孔压和沉降时考虑孔压测试时的滞后现象会达到更好的效果,所得的孔压模型能够较好地模拟地铁运营荷载下孔压的发展。 相似文献
19.
假设桩周土体为饱和黏弹性介质,采用Burgers流变模型进行描述,同时考虑竖向和径向固结,建立了固结控制方程。根据不排水和自由排水情况,将边界条件分为3类并分别得到超孔隙水压力消散的级数解答,该解答能够为孔压静力触探反求固结系数提供一定的理论依据。在此基础上编制了应用程序,对Burgers流变模型中主要参数进行了分析。结果表明,地基表面自由排水、桩端地基不排水条件下,在一定深度以内的桩周土体的固结速度随深度降低,但超过某一范围后固结速度趋于稳定;上、下边界均自由排水条件下,固结速度随深度增加呈现下降、稳定、升高;上、下边界均不排水条件时,孔压消散速度不随深度变化,可简化为本解答仅考虑径向固结的特例。同时土体的流变特性对超孔隙水压力消散的影响比较显著,流变参数G1/1的变化使超孔隙水压力趋于某不为0的定值,且该值随G1/1比值的增大而增加;其他参数不变时,土体剪切刚度比G1/G2的增大会引起孔压消散速度的下降。 相似文献
20.
固结过程中孔隙水压力计算中的吉布斯(Gibbs)现象及其消除 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
一维固结过程中，孔隙水压力的计算在整个计算中占有重要的位置，其计算结果的准确性对于固结度及固结系数的确定均有一定的影响。目前，孔隙水压力的计算均采用级数计算，而由于级数计算中Gibbs现象的存在，使得孔隙水压力的计算中会出现振荡。针对这种情况，本文以误差函数作为基础，对孔隙水压力的计算进行了分析，发现在一定的精度范围内，采用误差函数可以有效地消除由于Gibbs现象带来的振荡。 相似文献